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Arab Journal of Urology 2021: To systematically review the available literature on the long-term effects of sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) on male reproductive functions. A PubMed search was... (Review)
Review
: To systematically review the available literature on the long-term effects of sexually transmitted diseases (STIs) on male reproductive functions. A PubMed search was conducted on 3 January 2021, and as a result, 952 articles were retrieved. Exclusion of irrelevant articles resulted in 36 articles, dating from 1998 to 2020, which were analysed. Only 52.8% of these articles described original research, while the rest were reviews. The majority (26) of the articles dealt with bacterial infections, of which 20 described . There were 11 articles that described research on viruses, with five on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The analysis of the articles showed further that not much new knowledge on the long-term effects on male reproductive functions has been added. The existing knowledge that ascending infections can cause epididymo-orchitis, prostatitis or urethritis was confirmed. Due to epithelial inflammatory responses these infections can result in scarring with resulting infertility due to obstruction. These effects were described for or , as well as for the Zika and SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Even trichomoniasis can lead to long-term compromised male fertility if not treated. In conclusion, problem awareness needs to be raised and more research on this important topic needs to be conducted.
PubMed: 34552793
DOI: 10.1080/2090598X.2021.1942414 -
Andrologia Oct 2019The present study was conducted to assess the semen parameters, complications and clinical effect of microsurgical varicocelectomy with testicular delivery (TD) for... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
The present study was conducted to assess the semen parameters, complications and clinical effect of microsurgical varicocelectomy with testicular delivery (TD) for treatment of varicocele. Relevant studies were collected and reviewed systemically from PubMed, Medline, Embase, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases and the Cochrane Library and a meta-analysis was performed. Relative ratio (RR), standardised mean difference (SMD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were adopted to estimate the outcome measures. Eight articles and a total of 1,139 subjects including 487 patients with TD in microsurgical varicocelectomy and 652 patients without TD were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The pooled RR indicated that microsurgical varicocelectomy with TD increased the incidence of orchiepididymitis (RR = 4.36, 95% CI = 1.12-16.99, p = 0.034) and scrotal oedema (RR = 4.25, 95% CI = 2.40-7.54, p = 0.000) than microsurgical varicocelectomy without TD postoperatively. In conclusion, compared to microsurgical varicocelectomy without TD, TD to further ligate the gubernacular veins in microsurgical varicocelectomy results in a higher incidence of orchiepididymitis and scrotal oedema and take longer operation time. However, TD may not have any beneficial influences on semen parameters, serum testosterone, varicocele occurrence, wound infection and natural conception.
Topics: Epididymitis; Humans; Incidence; Infertility, Male; Ligation; Male; Microsurgery; Orchitis; Postoperative Complications; Testis; Treatment Outcome; Varicocele; Vascular Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 31264242
DOI: 10.1111/and.13363 -
Fertility and Sterility Jun 2020To summarize current understanding of the effects of novel and prior coronaviruses on human reproduction, specifically male and female gametes, and in pregnancy.
OBJECTIVE
To summarize current understanding of the effects of novel and prior coronaviruses on human reproduction, specifically male and female gametes, and in pregnancy.
DESIGN
Review of English publications in PubMed and Embase to April 6, 2020.
METHOD(S)
Articles were screened for reports including coronavirus, reproduction, pathophysiology, and pregnancy.
INTERVENTION(S)
None.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S)
Reproductive outcomes, effects on gametes, pregnancy outcomes, and neonatal complications.
RESULT(S)
Seventy-nine reports formed the basis of the review. Coronavirus binding to cells involves the S1 domain of the spike protein to receptors present in reproductive tissues, including angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE2), CD26, Ezrin, and cyclophilins. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 1 (SARS-CoV-1) may cause severe orchitis leading to germ cell destruction in males. Reports indicate decreased sperm concentration and motility for 72-90 days following Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. Gonadotropin-dependent expression of ACE2 was found in human ovaries, but it is unclear whether SARS-Coronavirus 2 (CoV-2) adversely affects female gametogenesis. Evidence suggests that COVID-19 infection has a lower maternal case fatality rate than SARS or Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), but anecdotal reports suggest that infected, asymptomatic women may develop respiratory symptoms postpartum. Coronavirus Disease 2019 infections in pregnancy are associated with preterm delivery. Postpartum neonatal transmission from mother to child has been reported.
CONCLUSION(S)
Coronavirus Disease 2019 infection may affect adversely some pregnant women and their offspring. Additional studies are needed to assess effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on male and female fertility.
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Female; Fertility; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Infertility, Female; Infertility, Male; Male; Orchitis; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Pregnancy Outcome; Reproduction; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility
PubMed: 32482250
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.04.025 -
Archivio Italiano Di Urologia,... Mar 2021The aim of this review is to summarize, following a timeline, the current knowledge regarding the effects of the Sars-cov2 virus on male fertility, researching the...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this review is to summarize, following a timeline, the current knowledge regarding the effects of the Sars-cov2 virus on male fertility, researching the pathological and clinical results of the studies published in the last year.
METHODS
A systematic research was performed on the major international online databases; Thirty-five articles were selected.
RESULTS
A statistically significant reduction in testosterone levels and sperm quality in subjects with COVID-19 has been highlighted in several papers; however, in many cases the tests have been conducted in patients with active disease and long-term consequences are still not known. Some studies have confirmed the presence of the virus in the testis in a low percentage of patients; viral presence in sperm has only been found in one study. Testicular discomfort, which could indicate viral orchitis, was highlighted in several works, with an incidence of up to 19% percent of patients. The presence of inflammatory lymphocytic infiltrates, IgG and inflammatory cytokines have been documented in several works; pathological signs of inflammation were found in 60.9% of testicular biopsies performed in one study. The entry of the virus into the testis cells, both stromal and seminal cells appeared to be Angiotensin Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE2) mediated, as it also occurs in other tissues. DNA fragmentation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, autoantibody production and ACE2 mediated effect have all been hypothesized as cause of cellular damage.
CONCLUSIONS
The results on effects of COVID-19 infection on the male reproductive system are currently insufficient as they are based on a small number of patients and therefore are often contradictory.Certain mechanisms of testicular damage are still to be assessed, as any risk categories like age, ethnicity, or others. As for the transmission of the virus through sperm, there is insufficient evidence to ensure that this cannot happen.
Topics: COVID-19; Fertility; Genitalia, Male; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male
PubMed: 33754623
DOI: 10.4081/aiua.2021.1.115 -
The Oncologist Jun 2024In male patients with cancer treated with antineoplastic drug, hypogonadism is a neglected cause of diminished quality of life. This condition may be cancer related as...
BACKGROUND
In male patients with cancer treated with antineoplastic drug, hypogonadism is a neglected cause of diminished quality of life. This condition may be cancer related as well as toxicity related. The role of antineoplastic drug in causing hypogonadism is poorly understood. The aim of this systematic review was to establish the prevalence, nature (primary/secondary), and impact of hypogonadism on quality of life in male patients with cancer on antineoplastic therapy.
METHODS
The search strategy used PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases to select articles in English language that described hypogonadism in male patients with cancer. The search period was from January 1, 1945 to February 28, 2023. We included observational studies, case reports or case series and excluded studies concerning hematological malignancies, prostate cancer, female patients, and survivors.
FINDINGS
Of 4488 records identified, 28 studies met inclusion criteria (17 observational studies, 11 case reports or case series). Anti-angiogenic drugs and crizotinib were found to have a role in the development of hypogonadism. Patients treated with immune checkpoint-inhibitors developed secondary hypogonadism due to immune-related hypophysitis or orchitis. As for active chemotherapy, platinum salts were often associated with hypogonadism, followed by antimetabolites and taxanes. Selected studies were heterogeneous for populations, interventions, and outcomes assessments. Thus, a generalization is difficult. Moreover, the role of concurrent etiologies cannot be excluded in most studies.
CONCLUSION
Our research emphasizes the importance of evaluating the gonadal axis before treatment in patients considered at risk and testing it at regular intervals or in case of clinical suspicion.
Topics: Humans; Male; Hypogonadism; Neoplasms; Antineoplastic Agents; Quality of Life
PubMed: 38518107
DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyae024 -
Andrologia Sep 2021The effect of COVID-19 on the male reproductive tract has been sparsely studied. This exploratory study was designed to determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the semen...
The effect of COVID-19 on the male reproductive tract has been sparsely studied. This exploratory study was designed to determine the presence of SARS-CoV-2 in the semen of men recovering from COVID-19. A systematic literature review was also performed as per PRISMA guidelines to gather perspective on this topic. The prospective study included men 21 years and older recovering from COVID-19 with nasopharyngeal swab negative for SARS-CoV-2 or at least two weeks from the last COVID RT-PCR positivity. After clinical evaluation, freshly ejaculated semen sample by masturbation was collected in a sterile container. Samples were processed for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. Twenty-one patients were contacted for the study, 11 of which consented to provide a semen sample. The mean age of the cohort was 29.72 ± 4.52 years. None of the patients gave a history of epididymo-orchitis or sexual dysfunction at the time of assessment. None of the semen samples demonstrated SARS-CoV-2 on RT-PCR. Median duration of semen sample collection from the COVID positivity was 44 days (Range 19-59 days). Detailed literature review revealed that SARS-CoV-2 is not found in patients recovering from COVID-19 infection. We conclude that SARS-CoV-2 is not found in the semen of patients recovering from COVID-19.
Topics: Adult; COVID-19; Humans; Male; Prospective Studies; RNA, Viral; SARS-CoV-2; Semen
PubMed: 34115901
DOI: 10.1111/and.14136