-
Journal of Thoracic Disease Mar 2020Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease associated with significant dyspnea and limited exercise capacity. This systematic review aimed to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease associated with significant dyspnea and limited exercise capacity. This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence of exercise interventions during pulmonary rehabilitation that aim to improve exercise capacity, dyspnea, and health-related quality of life (HRQL) in IPF patients.
METHODS
Searches were performed in MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, SPORTDiscus, PubMed and PEDro from inception to January 2019 using search terms for: (I) participants: 'IPF or interstitial lung disease'; (II) interventions: 'aerobic training or resistance training or respiratory muscle training'; and (III) outcomes: 'exercise capacity or dyspnea or health-related quality of life'. Two reviewers independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts to identify eligible studies. Methodological quality of studies was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist and meta-analyses were performed.
RESULTS
Of 1,677 articles identified, 14 were included (four randomized controlled trials and 10 prospective pre-post design studies) that examined 362 patients receiving training and 95 control subjects. Exercise capacity was measured with the 6-minute walk distance, peak oxygen consumption, peak work rate, or endurance time for constant work rate cycling, which increased after exercise [aerobic exercise; aerobic and breathing exercises; aerobic and inspiratory muscle training (IMT) exercises] compared to the control groups. Dyspnea scores improved after aerobic and breathing exercises. HRQL also improved after aerobic exercise training alone or combined with breathing exercises. Aerobic training alone or combined with IMT or breathing exercises improved exercise capacity.
CONCLUSIONS
Breathing exercises appears to complement exercise training towards improved dyspnea and HRQL in patients with IPF.
PubMed: 32274173
DOI: 10.21037/jtd.2019.12.27 -
British Journal of Sports Medicine Mar 2017The current review clarifies the cardiometabolic health effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in adults. A systematic search (PubMed) examining HIIT and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The current review clarifies the cardiometabolic health effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in adults. A systematic search (PubMed) examining HIIT and cardiometabolic health markers was completed on 15 October 2015. Sixty-five intervention studies were included for review and the methodological quality of included studies was assessed using the Downs and Black score. Studies were classified by intervention duration and body mass index classification. Outcomes with at least 5 effect sizes were synthesised using a random-effects meta-analysis of the standardised mean difference (SMD) in cardiometabolic health markers (baseline to postintervention) using Review Manager 5.3. Short-term (ST) HIIT (<12 weeks) significantly improved maximal oxygen uptake (VO max; SMD 0.74, 95% CI 0.36 to 1.12; p<0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP; SMD -0.52, 95% CI -0.89 to -0.16; p<0.01) and fasting glucose (SMD -0.35, 95% CI -0.62 to -0.09; p<0.01) in overweight/obese populations. Long-term (LT) HIIT (≥12 weeks) significantly improved waist circumference (SMD -0.20, 95% CI -0.38 to -0.01; p<0.05), % body fat (SMD -0.40, 95% CI -0.74 to -0.06; p<0.05), VO max (SMD 1.20, 95% CI 0.57 to 1.83; p<0.001), resting heart rate (SMD -0.33, 95% CI -0.56 to -0.09; p<0.01), systolic blood pressure (SMD -0.35, 95% CI -0.60 to -0.09; p<0.01) and DBP (SMD -0.38, 95% CI -0.65 to -0.10; p<0.01) in overweight/obese populations. HIIT demonstrated no effect on insulin, lipid profile, C reactive protein or interleukin 6 in overweight/obese populations. In normal weight populations, ST-HIIT and LT-HIIT significantly improved VO max, but no other significant effects were observed. Current evidence suggests that ST-HIIT and LT-HIIT can increase VO max and improve some cardiometabolic risk factors in overweight/obese populations.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clinical Trials as Topic; Female; High-Intensity Interval Training; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Male; Metabolic Diseases; Middle Aged; Obesity; Overweight; Oxygen Consumption; Waist Circumference; Young Adult
PubMed: 27797726
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2015-095841 -
Experimental Gerontology Jul 2021High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can effectively increase peak oxygen consumption, body composition, physical fitness, and health-related characteristics of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Impact of high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, physical fitness, and metabolic parameters in older adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) can effectively increase peak oxygen consumption, body composition, physical fitness, and health-related characteristics of adults; however, its impact in the older population remains highly debated. This review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, physical fitness, and health-related outcomes in older adults. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and Web of Science) were searched (until July 2020) for randomized trials comparing the effect of HIIT on physical fitness, metabolic parameters, and cardiorespiratory fitness in older adults. The Cochrane risk of bias assessment tool was used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies; Stata 14.0 software was used for statistical analysis. HIIT significantly improved the maximum rate of oxygen consumption (VO) as compared to a moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) protocol (HIIT vs. MICT: weighted mean difference = 1.74, 95% confidence interval: 0.80-2.69, p < 0.001). Additional subgroup analyses determined that training periods >12 weeks, training frequencies of 2 sessions/week, session lengths of 40 min, 6 sets and repetitions, training times per repetition of >60 s, and rest times of <90 s were more effective for VO. This systematic review and meta-analysis showed that HIIT induces favorable adaptions in cardiorespiratory fitness, physical fitness, muscle power, cardiac contractile function, mitochondrial citrate synthase activity, and reduced blood triglyceride and glucose levels in older individuals, which may help to maintain aerobic fitness and slow down the process of sarcopenia.
Topics: Aged; Body Composition; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; High-Intensity Interval Training; Humans; Physical Fitness; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 33836261
DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111345 -
Nutrients May 2020Intermittent fasting (IF) has been studied in athletes during Ramadan and in those willing to decrease adiposity while maintaining or increasing lean body mass. The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Intermittent fasting (IF) has been studied in athletes during Ramadan and in those willing to decrease adiposity while maintaining or increasing lean body mass. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize the effects of IF on performance outcomes. We searched peer-reviewed articles in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science and Sport Discus (up to December 2019). Studies were selected if they included samples of adults (≥18 years), had an experimental or observational design, investigated IF (Ramadan and time-restricted feeding (TRF)), and included performance outcomes. Meta-analytical procedures were conducted when feasible. Twenty-eight articles met the eligibility criteria. Findings indicated that maximum oxygen uptake is significantly enhanced with TRF protocols (SMD = 1.32, 0.001), but reduced with Ramadan intermittent fasting (Ramadan IF; SMD = -2.20, < 0.001). Additional effects of IF may be observed in body composition (body mass and fat mass). Non-significant effects were observed for muscle strength and anaerobic capacity. While Ramadan IF may lead to impairments in aerobic capacity, TRF may be effective for improving it. As there are few studies per performance outcome, more research is needed to move the field forward.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Athletes; Athletic Performance; Body Composition; Exercise Tolerance; Fasting; Female; Humans; Islam; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Young Adult
PubMed: 32408718
DOI: 10.3390/nu12051390 -
Current Problems in Cardiology Jan 2023Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common heritable cardiomyopathy, yet pharmacological therapy has been unchanged for decades until the recent introduction... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is the most common heritable cardiomyopathy, yet pharmacological therapy has been unchanged for decades until the recent introduction of mavacamten, a first-in-class cardiac myosin inhibitor. We assessed the efficacy and safety of mavacamten in HCM. To date, only 3 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) compared the outcomes of mavacamten vs placebo for HCM. We used a fixed effects model to calculate risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). The primary composite endpoint (PCE) was defined as either ≥1.5 mL/kg/min increase in peak oxygen consumption (pVO2) with ≥1 New York Heart Association functional class (NYHA-FC) improvement or ≥3.0 mL/kg/min increase in pVO2 without worsening of NYHA-FC. Secondary outcomes included ≥1 NYHA-FC improvement, septal reduction therapy (SRT) or guideline eligible for SRT, ≥1 serious adverse event (SAE), ≥1 treatment emergency adverse event (TEAE), atrial fibrillation (AF), and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia (NSVT). Three RCTs (n = 422, mean follow-up 24 weeks) were included. Compared to placebo, mavacamten achieved higher rates of PCE (RR 1.92; 95% CI 1.28-2.88; P = 0.002) and ≥1 NYHA-FC improvement (RR 2.10; 95% CI 1.66-2.67; P < 0.00001) and lower rates of SRT or guideline eligible for SRT (RR 0.29; 95% CI 0.22-0.39; P < 0.00001). There were no differences between both groups in ≥1 SAE, AF, and NSVT, however mavacamten had higher rates of ≥1 TEAE. In patients with HCM, mavacamten helps improve pVO2 and NYHA-FC and reduces SRT but may be associated with TEAE. Further research is warranted to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes of mavacamten.
Topics: Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Benzylamines; Uracil; Atrial Fibrillation
PubMed: 36167226
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2022.101429 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Aug 2017Interval training (including high-intensity interval training [HIIT] and sprint interval training [SIT]) is promoted in both scientific and lay media as being a superior... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Interval training (including high-intensity interval training [HIIT] and sprint interval training [SIT]) is promoted in both scientific and lay media as being a superior and time-efficient method for fat loss compared with traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). We evaluated the efficacy of HIIT/SIT when directly compared with MICT for the modulation of body adiposity. Databases were searched to 31 August 2016 for studies with exercise training interventions with minimum 4-week duration. Meta-analyses were conducted for within-group and between-group comparisons for total body fat percentage (%) and fat mass (kg). To investigate heterogeneity, we conducted sensitivity and meta-regression analyses. Of the 6,074 studies netted, 31 were included. Within-group analyses demonstrated reductions in total body fat (%) (HIIT/SIT: -1.26 [95% CI: -1.80; -0.72] and MICT: -1.48 [95% CI: -1.89; -1.06]) and fat mass (kg) (HIIT/SIT: -1.38 [95% CI: -1.99; -0.77] and MICT: -0.91 [95% CI: -1.45; -0.37]). There were no differences between HIIT/SIT and MICT for any body fat outcome. Analyses comparing MICT with HIIT/SIT protocols of lower time commitment and/or energy expenditure tended to favour MICT for total body fat reduction (p = 0.09). HIIT/SIT appears to provide similar benefits to MICT for body fat reduction, although not necessarily in a more time-efficient manner. However, neither short-term HIIT/SIT nor MICT produced clinically meaningful reductions in body fat.
Topics: Adiposity; Body Mass Index; Energy Metabolism; Exercise Therapy; High-Intensity Interval Training; Humans; Obesity; Overweight; Oxygen Consumption; Treatment Outcome; Weight Loss
PubMed: 28513103
DOI: 10.1111/obr.12536 -
British Journal of Sports Medicine Aug 2014Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong determinant of morbidity and mortality. In athletes and the general population, it is established that high-intensity... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND/AIM
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a strong determinant of morbidity and mortality. In athletes and the general population, it is established that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is superior to moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in improving CRF. This is a systematic review and meta-analysis to quantify the efficacy and safety of HIIT compared to MICT in individuals with chronic cardiometabolic lifestyle diseases.
METHODS
The included studies were required to have a population sample of chronic disease, where poor lifestyle is considered as a main contributor to the disease. The procedural quality of the studies was assessed by use of a modified Physiotherapy Evidence Base Database (PEDro) scale. A meta-analysis compared the mean difference (MD) of preintervention versus postintervention CRF (VO2peak) between HIIT and MICT.
RESULTS
10 studies with 273 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Participants had coronary artery disease, heart failure, hypertension, metabolic syndrome and obesity. There was a significantly higher increase in the VO2peak after HIIT compared to MICT (MD 3.03 mL/kg/min, 95% CI 2.00 to 4.07), equivalent to 9.1%.
CONCLUSIONS
HIIT significantly increases CRF by almost double that of MICT in patients with lifestyle-induced chronic diseases.
Topics: Antioxidants; Cardiac Rehabilitation; Chronic Disease; Exercise Therapy; Humans; Life Style; Metabolic Diseases; Oxygen Consumption; Patient Compliance; Quality of Life; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 24144531
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092576 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Jan 2018Basketball is a popular, court-based team sport that has been extensively studied over the last decade. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Basketball is a popular, court-based team sport that has been extensively studied over the last decade.
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this article was to provide a systematic review regarding the activity demands and physiological responses experienced during basketball match-play according to playing period, playing position, playing level, geographical location, and sex.
METHODS
An electronic database search of relevant articles published prior to 30 September 2016 was performed with PubMed, MEDLINE, ERIC, Google Scholar, SCIndex, and ScienceDirect. Studies that measured activity demands and/or physiological responses during basketball match-play were included.
RESULTS
Following screening, 25 articles remained for review. During live playing time across 40-min matches, male and female basketball players travel 5-6 km at average physiological intensities above lactate threshold and 85% of maximal heart rate (HR). Temporal comparisons show a reduction in vigorous activities in the fourth quarter, likely contributing to lower blood lactate concentrations and HR responses evident towards the end of matches. Guards tend to perform a higher percentage of live playing time sprinting and performing high-intensity shuffling compared with forwards and centers. Guards also perform less standing and walking during match-play compared with forwards and centers. Variations in activity demands likely account for the higher blood lactate concentrations and HR responses observed for guards compared with forwards and centers. Furthermore, higher-level players perform a greater intermittent workload than lower-level players. Moreover, geographical differences may exist in the activity demands (distance and frequency) and physiological responses between Australian, African, and European basketball players, whereby Australian players sustain greater workloads. While activity demands and physiological data vary across playing positions, playing levels, and geographical locations, male and female players competing at the same level experience similar demands.
CONCLUSION
The current results provide a detailed description of the specific requirements placed on basketball players during match-play according to playing period, playing level, playing position, geographical location, and sex, which may be useful in the development of individualized basketball training drills.
Topics: Athletic Performance; Australia; Basketball; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Oxygen Consumption; Running; Walking
PubMed: 29039018
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0794-z -
Jornal Brasileiro de Pneumologia :... 2019To evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), in comparison with those of continuous exercise, on functional capacity and cardiovascular variables... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT), in comparison with those of continuous exercise, on functional capacity and cardiovascular variables in patients with COPD, through a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, the Physiotherapy Evidence Database, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and EMBASE, as well as performing hand searches, for articles published up through January of 2017. We included studies comparing exercise regimens of different intensities, in terms of their effects on functional capacity and cardiovascular variables in patients with COPD.
RESULTS
Of the 78 articles identified, 6 were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max) did not differ significantly between HIIT and control interventions. That was true for relative VO2max (0.03 mL/kg/min; 95% CI: -3.05 to 3.10) and absolute VO2max (0.03 L/min, 95% CI: -0.02 to 0.08).
CONCLUSIONS
The effects of HIIT appear to be comparable to those of continuous exercise in relation to functional and cardiovascular responses. However, our findings should be interpreted with caution because the studies evaluated present a high risk of bias, which could have a direct influence on the results.
Topics: Exercise Therapy; High-Intensity Interval Training; Humans; Oxygen Consumption; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31576905
DOI: 10.1590/1806-3713/e20180011 -
Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular... Jan 2020Cardiorespiratory fitness, measured as peak oxygen consumption, is a potent predictor of stroke risk. Muscle weakness is the most prominent impairment after stroke and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Cardiorespiratory fitness, measured as peak oxygen consumption, is a potent predictor of stroke risk. Muscle weakness is the most prominent impairment after stroke and is directly associated with reduced walking capacity. There is a lack of recommendations for optimal combined aerobic training and resistance training for those patients. The purpose of this study was to systematically review and quantify the effects of exercise training on cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and walking capacity after stroke.
METHODS
Five electronic databases were searched (until May 2019) for studies that met the following criteria: (1) adult humans with a history of stroke who ambulate independently; (2) structured exercise intervention based on combined aerobic training and resistance training; and (3) measured cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and/or walking capacity.
RESULTS
Eighteen studies (602 participants, average age 62 years) met the inclusion criteria. Exercise training significantly improved all 3 outcomes. In subgroup analyses for cardiorespiratory fitness, longer training duration was significantly associated with larger effect size. Likewise, for muscle strength, moderate weekly frequency and lower training volume were significantly associated with larger effect size. Furthermore, in walking capacity, moderate weekly frequency and longer training duration were significantly associated with larger effect size.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that an exercise program consisting of moderate-intensity, 3 days per week, for 20 weeks should be considered for greater effect on cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, and walking capacity in stroke patients.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cardiorespiratory Fitness; Exercise; Exercise Tolerance; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Recovery of Function; Resistance Training; Stroke; Stroke Rehabilitation; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Walking
PubMed: 31732460
DOI: 10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2019.104498