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Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2017Small, compact and embedded sensors are a pervasive technology in everyday life for a wide number of applications (e.g., wearable devices, domotics, e-health systems,... (Review)
Review
Small, compact and embedded sensors are a pervasive technology in everyday life for a wide number of applications (e.g., wearable devices, domotics, e-health systems, etc.). In this context, wireless transmission plays a key role, and among available solutions, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is gaining more and more popularity. BLE merges together good performance, low-energy consumption and widespread diffusion. The aim of this work is to review the main methodologies adopted to investigate BLE performance. The first part of this review is an in-depth description of the protocol, highlighting the main characteristics and implementation details. The second part reviews the state of the art on BLE characteristics and performance. In particular, we analyze throughput, maximum number of connectable sensors, power consumption, latency and maximum reachable range, with the aim to identify what are the current limits of BLE technology. The main results can be resumed as follows: throughput may theoretically reach the limit of ~230 kbps, but actual applications analyzed in this review show throughputs limited to ~100 kbps; the maximum reachable range is strictly dependent on the radio power, and it goes up to a few tens of meters; the maximum number of nodes in the network depends on connection parameters, on the network architecture and specific device characteristics, but it is usually lower than 10; power consumption and latency are largely modeled and analyzed and are strictly dependent on a huge number of parameters. Most of these characteristics are based on analytical models, but there is a need for rigorous experimental evaluations to understand the actual limits.
PubMed: 29236085
DOI: 10.3390/s17122898 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Oct 2017Incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing worldwide. Blood glucose monitoring plays a crucial part in maintaining glycaemic control in women with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing worldwide. Blood glucose monitoring plays a crucial part in maintaining glycaemic control in women with GDM and is generally recommended by healthcare professionals. There are several different methods for monitoring blood glucose which can be carried out in different settings (e.g. at home versus in hospital).
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this review is to compare the effects of different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for women with GDM on maternal and fetal, neonatal, child and adult outcomes, and use and costs of health care.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group Trials Register (30 September 2016) and reference lists of retrieved studies.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) or quasi-randomised controlled trials (qRCTs) comparing different methods (such as timings and frequencies) or settings, or both, for blood glucose monitoring for women with GDM.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two authors independently assessed study eligibility, risk of bias, and extracted data. Data were checked for accuracy.We assessed the quality of the evidence for the main comparisons using GRADE, for:- primary outcomes for mothers: that is, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; caesarean section; type 2 diabetes; and- primary outcomes for children: that is, large-for-gestational age; perinatal mortality; death or serious morbidity composite; childhood/adulthood neurosensory disability;- secondary outcomes for mothers: that is, induction of labour; perineal trauma; postnatal depression; postnatal weight retention or return to pre-pregnancy weight; and- secondary outcomes for children: that is, neonatal hypoglycaemia; childhood/adulthood adiposity; childhood/adulthood type 2 diabetes.
MAIN RESULTS
We included 11 RCTs (10 RCTs; one qRCT) that randomised 1272 women with GDM in upper-middle or high-income countries; we considered these to be at a moderate to high risk of bias. We assessed the RCTs under five comparisons. For outcomes assessed using GRADE, we downgraded for study design limitations, imprecision and inconsistency. Three trials received some support from commercial partners who provided glucose meters or financial support, or both. Main comparisons Telemedicine versus standard care for glucose monitoring (five RCTs): we observed no clear differences between the telemedicine and standard care groups for the mother, for:- pre-eclampsia or pregnancy-induced hypertension (risk ratio (RR) 1.49, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.69 to 3.20; 275 participants; four RCTs; very low quality evidence);- caesarean section (average RR 1.05, 95% CI 0.72 to 1.53; 478 participants; 5 RCTs; very low quality evidence); and- induction of labour (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.63 to 1.77; 47 participants; 1 RCT; very low quality evidence);or for the child, for:- large-for-gestational age (RR 1.41, 95% CI 0.76 to 2.64; 228 participants; 3 RCTs; very low quality evidence);- death or serious morbidity composite (RR 1.06, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.66; 57 participants; 1 RCT; very low quality evidence); and- neonatal hypoglycaemia (RR 1.14, 95% CI 0.48 to 2.72; 198 participants; 3 RCTs; very low quality evidence).There were no perinatal deaths in two RCTs (131 participants; very low quality evidence). Self-monitoring versus periodic glucose monitoring (two RCTs): we observed no clear differences between the self-monitoring and periodic glucose monitoring groups for the mother, for:- pre-eclampsia (RR 0.17, 95% CI 0.01 to 3.49; 58 participants; 1 RCT; very low quality evidence); and- caesarean section (average RR 1.18, 95% CI 0.61 to 2.27; 400 participants; 2 RCTs; low quality evidence);or for the child, for:- perinatal mortality (RR 1.54, 95% CI 0.21 to 11.24; 400 participants; 2 RCTs; very low quality evidence);- large-for-gestational age (RR 0.82, 95% CI 0.50 to 1.37; 400 participants; 2 RCTs; low quality evidence); and- neonatal hypoglycaemia (RR 0.64, 95% CI 0.39 to 1.06; 391 participants; 2 RCTs; low quality evidence). Continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) versus self-monitoring of glucose (two RCTs): we observed no clear differences between the CGMS and self-monitoring groups for the mother, for:- caesarean section (RR 0.91, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.20; 179 participants; 2 RCTs; very low quality evidence);or for the child, for:- large-for-gestational age (RR 0.67, 95% CI 0.43 to 1.05; 106 participants; 1 RCT; very low quality evidence) and- neonatal hypoglycaemia (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.35 to 1.78; 179 participants; 2 RCTs; very low quality evidence).There were no perinatal deaths in the two RCTs (179 participants; very low quality evidence). Other comparisons Modem versus telephone transmission for glucose monitoring (one RCT): none of the review's primary outcomes were reported in this trial Postprandial versus preprandial glucose monitoring (one RCT): we observed no clear differences between the postprandial and preprandial glucose monitoring groups for the mother, for:- pre-eclampsia (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.15 to 6.68; 66 participants; 1 RCT);- caesarean section (RR 0.62, 95% CI 0.29 to 1.29; 66 participants; 1 RCT); and- perineal trauma (RR 0.38, 95% CI 0.11 to 1.29; 66 participants; 1 RCT);or for the child, for:- neonatal hypoglycaemia (RR 0.14, 95% CI 0.02 to 1.10; 66 participants; 1 RCT).There were fewer large-for-gestational-age infants born to mothers in the postprandial compared with the preprandial glucose monitoring group (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.78; 66 participants; 1 RCT).
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Evidence from 11 RCTs assessing different methods or settings for glucose monitoring for GDM suggests no clear differences for the primary outcomes or other secondary outcomes assessed in this review.However, current evidence is limited by the small number of RCTs for the comparisons assessed, small sample sizes, and the variable methodological quality of the RCTs. More evidence is needed to assess the effects of different methods and settings for glucose monitoring for GDM on outcomes for mothers and their children, including use and costs of health care. Future RCTs may consider collecting and reporting on the standard outcomes suggested in this review.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring; Cesarean Section; Diabetes, Gestational; Eclampsia; Female; Humans; Labor, Induced; Monitoring, Physiologic; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Telemedicine; Telemetry
PubMed: 29081069
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011069.pub2 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Aug 2016Bronchodilators are a central component for treating exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) all over the world. Clinicians often use nebulisers as... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Bronchodilators are a central component for treating exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) all over the world. Clinicians often use nebulisers as a mode of delivery, especially in the acute setting, and many patients seem to benefit from them. However, evidence supporting this choice from systematic analysis is sparse, and available data are frequently biased by the inclusion of asthma patients. Therefore, there is little or no formal guidance regarding the mode of delivery, which has led to a wide variation in practice between and within countries and even among doctors in the same hospital. We assessed the available randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to help guide practice in a more uniform way.
OBJECTIVES
To compare the effects of nebulisers versus pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDI) plus spacer or dry powder inhalers (DPI) in bronchodilator therapy for exacerbations of COPD.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Airways Group Trial Register and reference lists of articles up to 1 July 2016.
SELECTION CRITERIA
RCTs of both parallel and cross-over designs. We included RCTs during COPD exacerbations, whether measured during hospitalisation or in an outpatient setting. We excluded RCTs involving mechanically ventilated patients due to the different condition of both patients and airways in this setting.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently assessed studies for inclusion, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. We report results with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
MAIN RESULTS
This review includes eight studies with a total of 250 participants comparing nebuliser versus pMDI plus spacer treatment. We identified no studies comparing DPI with nebulisers. We found two studies assessing the primary outcome of 'change in forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) one hour after dosing'. We could not pool these studies, but both showed a non-significant difference in favour of the nebuliser group, with similar frequencies of serious adverse events. For the secondary outcome, 'change in FEV1 closest to one hour after dosing': we found a significant difference of 83 ml (95% CI 10 to 156, P = 0.03) in favour of nebuliser treatment. For the secondary outcome of adverse events, we found a non-significant odds ratio of 1.65 (95% CI 0.42 to 6.48) in favour of the pMDI plus spacer group.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There is a lack of evidence in favour of one mode of delivery over another for bronchodilators during exacerbations of COPD. We found no difference between nebulisers versus pMDI plus spacer regarding the primary outcomes of FEV1 at one hour and safety. For the secondary outcome 'change in FEV1 closest to one hour after dosing' during an exacerbation of COPD, we found a greater improvement in FEV1 when treating with nebulisers than with pMDI plus spacers.A limited amount of data are available (eight studies involving 250 participants). These studies were difficult to pool, of low quality and did not provide enough evidence to favour one mode of delivery over another. No data of sufficient quality have been published comparing nebulisers versus DPIs in this setting. More studies are required to assess the optimal mode of delivery during exacerbations of COPD.
Topics: Bronchodilator Agents; Disease Progression; Dry Powder Inhalers; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Inhalation Spacers; Metered Dose Inhalers; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Time Factors
PubMed: 27569680
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011826.pub2 -
Sexual Medicine Reviews Jan 2019Besides erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation (PE) is the most frequent male sexual disorder and shows a high level of bother and distress. The negative...
INTRODUCTION
Besides erectile dysfunction, premature ejaculation (PE) is the most frequent male sexual disorder and shows a high level of bother and distress. The negative consequences of long-term and unsuccessfully treated PE on both patient and partner are well established in the literature and include personal distress, impairment of the partner's sexual function, and interpersonal difficulties.
AIM
To outline the consequences of untreated PE and the advantages and disadvantages of currently available treatment options with a special focus on a new topical eutectic lidocaine/prilocaine metered dose spray (Fortacin; Lidocaine/Prilocaine, Recordati, Milan, Italy) which represents the second officially approved drug in this indication.
METHODS
Narrative overview of the literature synthesizing the findings of literature retrieved from searches of computerized databases such as Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, and Google Scholar, hand searches, and authoritative texts. Combinations of keywords including premature ejaculation, ejaculatory control, intravaginal ejaculation latency time, IELT, PE, PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5i), SSRIs, topical anesthetics, lidocaine, prilocaine, and treatment were used. In the end, 59 studies published between 2000 and 2018 were considered relevant for this review.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Published studies on PE-related negative psychosocial outcomes, as well as advantages and disadvantages of currently available off-label and officially approved treatment options.
RESULTS
Although a variety of treatment options for PE have shown marked improvements in stopwatch-measured intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT) and patient-reported outcomes as assessed by the Premature Ejaculation Profile (PEP), none of the investigated drugs has reached market approval. The only so far officially approved medication-dapoxetine-is characterized by high discontinuation rates of up to 90%, mostly because of high side effects, cost issues, efficacy below expectations, and the need for scheduling sexual intercourse.
CONCLUSION
With the official approval in Europe the new dose-metered lidocaine-prilocaine spray (Fortacin) may become a real first-line therapy option for PE and may offer a satisfactory and affordable solution, especially because of its unique galenic preparation, making its handling easy and customer friendly. In addition, it has the potential to significantly increase the currently low patients' acceptance of available monotherapies and become an established second-line therapy for the severe PE patients with IELTs <1 to 2 minutes or with ante-portal ejaculation in combination with oral therapy. Porst H, Burri A. Novel treatment for premature ejaculation in the light of currently used therapies: A review. Sex Med Rev 2019; 7:129-140.
Topics: Benzylamines; Coitus; Ejaculation; Humans; Male; Naphthalenes; Patient Satisfaction; Penile Erection; Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors; Premature Ejaculation; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30057136
DOI: 10.1016/j.sxmr.2018.05.001 -
Respiratory Medicine Aug 2017Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are widespread chronic conditions with medication frequently delivered by inhalers. These can be challenging to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are widespread chronic conditions with medication frequently delivered by inhalers. These can be challenging to use correctly, but the scale of misuse and the specific aspects of failure are unclear.
METHODS
We used systematic review methods to search 9 databases in May 2015 to identify and review studies that assessed adults (18 years or older) with asthma or COPD using inhalers of various types including pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs), dry powder inhalers and the Respimat inhaler. Studies must have reported the scale of inhaler misuse, variation by type of inhaler or which steps patients had difficulty completing accurately.
RESULTS
The types of inhalers, inhaler interventions and definitions of failure and misuse varied widely in the 38 studies identified. It was not possible to draw conclusions on the differential failure rates between different types of inhalers or any patient characteristics. Of the studies reporting failure or misuse rates, the majority ranged between 0 and 20%. Studies were inconsistent regarding the number of inhaler steps collected, reported and labelled as critical.
CONCLUSIONS
There is evidence for all identified inhalers that some people may be using them incorrectly, but it is unclear which inhalers have higher rates of misuse or which steps within the inhaler technique are most difficult for patients. The optimal techniques for using inhalers are not standardised. Researchers undertaking future inhaler studies are respectfully directed to our recommendations for future research.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Aged; Asthma; Bronchodilator Agents; Chronic Disease; Drug Delivery Systems; Dry Powder Inhalers; Equipment Design; Equipment Failure; Female; Humans; Male; Metered Dose Inhalers; Middle Aged; Nebulizers and Vaporizers; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Respiratory Function Tests; Smoking; Treatment Failure
PubMed: 28732842
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2017.05.004 -
Vascular Medicine (London, England) Feb 2017Some believe that certain patients with intermittent claudication may be unsuitable for supervised exercise therapy (SET), based on the presence of comorbidities and the... (Review)
Review
Some believe that certain patients with intermittent claudication may be unsuitable for supervised exercise therapy (SET), based on the presence of comorbidities and the possibly increased risks. We conducted a systematic review (MEDLINE, EMBASE and CENTRAL) to summarize evidence on the potential influence of diabetes mellitus (DM) on the response to SET. Randomized and nonrandomized studies that investigated the effect of DM on walking distance after SET in patients with IC were included. Considered outcome measures were maximal, pain-free and functional walking distance (MWD, PFWD and FWD). Three articles met the inclusion criteria ( n = 845). In one study, MWD was 111 meters (128%) longer in the non-DM group compared to the DM group after 3 months of follow-up ( p = 0.056). In a second study, the non-DM group demonstrated a significant increase in PFWD (114 meters, p ⩽ 0.05) after 3 months of follow-up, whereas there was no statistically significant increase for the DM group (54 meters). On the contrary, the largest study of this review did not demonstrate any adverse effect of DM on MWD and FWD after SET. In conclusion, the data evaluating the effects of DM on SET were inadequate to determine if DM impairs the exercise response. While trends in the data do not suggest an impairment, they are not conclusive. Practitioners should consider this limitation when making clinical decisions.
Topics: Aged; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus; Exercise Therapy; Exercise Tolerance; Female; Humans; Intermittent Claudication; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Selection; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Walking
PubMed: 27903955
DOI: 10.1177/1358863X16674071 -
Physical Therapy Sep 2017An increasing variety of short functional exercise tests are reported in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Systematic review of the psychometric... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
An increasing variety of short functional exercise tests are reported in people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Systematic review of the psychometric properties of these exercise tests is indicated.
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to determine the reliability, validity, and responsiveness of short (duration < 6 min) lower extremity functional exercise tests in people with COPD.
DATA SOURCES
Five databases were searched: MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, AMED, and CINAHL.
STUDY SELECTION
Studies reporting psychometric properties of short functional exercise tests in people with COPD were included.
DATA EXTRACTION
Two reviewers independently extracted data and rated the quality of each measurement property using the COnsensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement INstrument (COSMIN).
DATA SYNTHESIS
Twenty-nine studies were identified reporting properties of 11 different tests. Four-meter gait speed [4MGS] and 5 repetition sit-to-stand [5STS] demonstrated high reliability (ICC = .95-.99; .97) with no learning effect (COSMIN study ratings = good--excellent). Their validity for use as a stratification tool anchored against an established prognostic indicator (area under receiver operator characteristics curve [AUC] = 0.72-0.87; 0.82) and responsiveness to change after pulmonary rehabilitation was greatest in more frail people with COPD. Studies of the Timed "Up and Go" [TUG] test support use of a practice test and show discriminative ability to detect falls history and low six-minute walk distance (AUC = 0.77; 0.82, COSMIN ratings = fair-excellent).
LIMITATIONS
Earlier studies were limited by small sample size. Limited data of lower study quality was identified for step tests and the Two-Minute Walk Test.
CONCLUSIONS
Selected short functional exercise tests can complement established exercise capacity measures, in stratification and measuring responsiveness to change especially in people with COPD and lower functional ability.
Topics: Exercise Test; Humans; Lower Extremity; Psychometrics; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 28605481
DOI: 10.1093/ptj/pzx063 -
Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair Jun 2021Persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) experience walking impairments, characterized by decreased walking speeds. In healthy subjects, the self-selected walking speed is...
BACKGROUND
Persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) experience walking impairments, characterized by decreased walking speeds. In healthy subjects, the self-selected walking speed is the energetically most optimal. In pwMS, the energetically most optimal walking speed remains underexposed. Therefore, this review aimed to determine the relationship between walking speed and energetic cost of walking (Cw) in pwMS, compared with healthy subjects, thereby assessing the walking speed with the lowest energetic cost. As it is unclear whether the Cw in pwMS differs between overground and treadmill walking, as reported in healthy subjects, a second review aim was to compare both conditions.
METHOD
PubMed and Web of Science were systematically searched. Studies assessing pwMS, reporting walking speed (converted to meters per second), and reporting oxygen consumption were included. Study quality was assessed with a modified National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute checklist. The relationship between Cw and walking speed was calculated with a second-order polynomial function and compared between groups and conditions.
RESULTS
Twenty-nine studies were included (n = 1535 pwMS) of which 8 included healthy subjects (n = 179 healthy subjects). PwMS showed a similar energetically most optimal walking speed of 1.44 m/s with a Cw of 0.16, compared with 0.14 mL O/kg/m in healthy subjects. The most optimal walking speed in treadmill was 1.48 m/s, compared with 1.28 m/s in overground walking with a similar Cw.
CONCLUSION
Overall, the Cw is elevated in pwMS but with a similar energetically most optimal walking speed, compared with healthy subjects. Treadmill walking showed a similar most optimal Cw but a higher speed, compared with overground walking.
Topics: Energy Metabolism; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Walking Speed
PubMed: 33847188
DOI: 10.1177/15459683211005028 -
Ocular Immunology and Inflammation Jul 2021: Anterior chamber (AC) flare is a key sign for anterior uveitis. New instrument-based techniques for measuring AC flare can offer automation and objectivity. This...
: Anterior chamber (AC) flare is a key sign for anterior uveitis. New instrument-based techniques for measuring AC flare can offer automation and objectivity. This review aims to identify objective instrument-based measures for AC flare.: In this systematic review, we identified studies reporting correlation between instrument-based tests versus clinician AC flare grading, and/or aqueous protein concentration, as well as test reliability.: Four index tests were identified in 11 studies: laser-flare photometry (LFP), optical coherence tomography, ocular flare analysis meter (OFAM) and the double-pass technique. The correlation between LFP and clinician grading was 0.40-0.93 and 0.87-0.94 for LFP and protein concentration. The double-pass technique showed no correlation with clinician grading and insufficient information was available for OFAM.: LFP shows moderate to strong correlation with clinician grading and aqueous protein concentration. LFP could be a superior reference test compared to clinician AC flare grading for validating new index tests.
Topics: Anterior Chamber; Aqueous Humor; Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological; Eye Proteins; Humans; Photometry; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Uveitis, Anterior
PubMed: 32255392
DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2019.1709650 -
Journal of Advanced Nursing Sep 2019To determine the impact of strategies to promote mobilization on physical function in hospitalized adults with medical conditions. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
AIM
To determine the impact of strategies to promote mobilization on physical function in hospitalized adults with medical conditions.
BACKGROUND
Slow progress is noted on the promotion of mobilization during hospitalization for adult patients admitted for medical conditions. This may reflect the limited evidence on the evaluation of the impact of progressive mobilization activities on clinical endpoints in adult patients throughout hospitalization.
DESIGN
A systematic review and meta-analysis of published randomized controlled trials in any language.
DATA RESOURCES
The literature search was performed in the MEDLINE, CINAHL online, HealthStar, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library Controlled Trials Registry and LILACS databases (January 2000-February 2017).
REVIEW METHODS
Two authors independently identified randomized trials meeting inclusion criteria, assessed their quality and extracted relevant data. Outcomes assessed were the changes in physical function evaluated by scales measuring either the aerobic (metres walked/second) or the balance domain (using the Time Up and Go test, in seconds), length of hospital stay (days), and adverse clinical events. We calculated pooled mean differences or Mantel-Haenszel odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for continuous or dichotomous outcome data and obtained heterogeneity statistics across studies.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies, including in total 2,703 participants, met our eligibility criteria. Patients in the intervention group showed significant improvement in physical function (aerobic domain), reduced length of stay, and a reduction of pulmonary embolism.
CONCLUSION
Patients and health providers should consider a course of therapy that enhances the functional capacity of medical patients during hospitalization.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Exercise; Exercise Therapy; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mobility Limitation; Postural Balance; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Standard of Care
PubMed: 30672011
DOI: 10.1111/jan.13958