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Arkhiv Patologii 2021Histopathological Evaluation of surgical margins of a resected tumour specimen can give an insight about the extent of tumour spread. Errors in proper identification and...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Histopathological Evaluation of surgical margins of a resected tumour specimen can give an insight about the extent of tumour spread. Errors in proper identification and orientation of resected tumour margins can lead to treatment failure and poor prognosis. Inking of resected margins is the most reliable and safe method. The aim of this study is to systematically review the studies which compares various materials used for inking of surgically resected specimen.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Articles searched from PubMed, Cochrane, Google search, manual search using key words - inking, tissue marking dyes, surgical margin, tumour margin, surgical pathology, grossing, gross specimens and back references of the articles, yielded three articles. Three articles with a total sample size of 1325 and compares properties of India ink, Acrylic colours and Tissue Marking Dyes were considered in this review.
RESULTS
Both India ink and acrylic colours are good with respect to the Ease of application, visibility on paraffin wax blocks, Visibility on naked eye examination of slides and Visibility on microscope. Acrylic colours have less drying time than India ink. India ink do not result in contamination of tissue processing fluids, Interference with cellular and nuclear details and penetration in to tissues when compared with acrylic colours.
CONCLUSION
India Ink will continue to dominate as the best surgical ink when comparing all the parameters till newer studies are available for acrylic colours or other dyes. Acrylic colours have the potential to be widely used as a tissue marking dyes except for the few disadvantages.
Topics: Coloring Agents; Humans; Ink; Neoplasms; Pathology, Surgical
PubMed: 33512128
DOI: 10.17116/patol20218301149 -
Cancer Medicine Jan 2015Metastasis to the periocular soft tissue of the orbit is a rare manifestation of metastatic cancer. Infiltrating lobular breast cancer (ILBC) is a special breast cancer... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Metastasis to the periocular soft tissue of the orbit is a rare manifestation of metastatic cancer. Infiltrating lobular breast cancer (ILBC) is a special breast cancer subtype, which accounts for 10-15% of all mammary carcinomas and for ~1% of all malignancies. Here, we report on a high frequency of lobular breast cancer in patients with orbital metastases identified in an original series of metastatic tumor specimens and by a systematic literature review. A series of 14 orbital metastases was compiled from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded archival tissues. All cases were subjected to histological re-review and detailed immunophenotypical characterization. In addition, we performed a meta-analysis of 68 previously published case reports describing orbital metastases, with special reference to breast cancer subtypes. Based on clinical history, histomorphology, immunophenotype, and/or comparison with matched primary tumors, orbital metastases were derived from breast cancer in 8/14 cases, seven of which were classified as metastatic lobular breast cancer. Other entities included non-small cell lung cancer (4/14), infiltrating ductal breast cancer (1/14), prostate cancer (1/14) and adenocarcinoma of the esophagus (1/14). In line with this original series of orbital metastases, lobular breast cancer was the most common malignancy in 72 patients with orbital metastases described in 68 independent case reports. In conclusion, lobular breast cancer represents the cancer subtype with the highest prevalence among orbital metastases. The high frequency of ILBC in orbital metastases illustrates the special metastatic behavior of this tumor entity and may have implications for the understanding of the organotropism of metastatic lobular breast cancer.
Topics: Biopsy; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Lobular; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Staging; Orbital Neoplasms
PubMed: 25355547
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.331 -
International Journal of Impotence... Mar 2023Injection of exogenous material into the penis and scrotum has been performed for augmentation purposes. Complications include cosmetic dissatisfaction, penile necrosis...
Injection of exogenous material into the penis and scrotum has been performed for augmentation purposes. Complications include cosmetic dissatisfaction, penile necrosis and lymphoedema. We report the complications and outcomes from a single centre with an updated systematic review of the literature. A retrospective review of all cases presenting with foreign substance injection into the genitalia, over a 10-year period was performed. Thirty-five patients with a mean (standard deviation (SD); range) age of 36.9 (±9.1; 22-61) years at presentation were included. The mean (SD; range) time between injection and presentation was 7.8 (±5.8; 1 day-20 years) years. The most common injected substance was silicone (n = 16, 45.7%) and liquid paraffin (n = 8, 22.9%). The penile shaft (94.3%) was the most injected site. The most common presentations were cosmetic dissatisfaction (57.1%) and pain and/or swelling (45.7%). Surgery was required in 32 (91.4%) cases. Primary procedures included local excision and primary closure (n = 19, 59.4%), circumcision (n = 5, 15.6%), excision with a split skin graft or a scrotal flap reconstruction (n = 5, 15.6%). Three (8.6%) patients presented with necrosis and required acute debridement. Overall, 18 patients had more than 1 procedure, and 8 patients required 3 or more procedures. A systematic search of the literature identified 887 articles of which 68 studies were included for analysis. The most common substance injected was paraffin (47.7%), followed by silicone (15.8%). The majority of patients (77.9%) presented with pain, swelling or penile deformity. 78.8% of the patients underwent surgical treatment, which included excision and primary closure with or without the use of skin grafts (85.1% of all procedures), the use of flaps (12.3%) and penile amputation (n = 2). Complications of foreign body injection into the male genitalia can be serious resulting in necrosis and autoamputation. Surgical intervention is often required to excise abnormal tissue to manage pain and improve cosmesis.
PubMed: 36859681
DOI: 10.1038/s41443-023-00675-8 -
Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics Mar 2015To estimate the accuracy of pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of deeply infiltrating endometriosis (DIE). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To estimate the accuracy of pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the diagnosis of deeply infiltrating endometriosis (DIE).
METHODS
A comprehensive search of the Medline, Pubmed, Lilacs, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Biomed Central, and ISI Web of Science databases was conducted from January 1990 to December 2013. The medical subject headings (MeSHs) and text words "deep endometriosis", "deeply infiltrating endometriosis", "DIE", "magnetic resonance", and "MRI" were searched. Studies that compared the parameters of pelvic MRIs with those of paraffin-embedded sections for the diagnosis of DIE were included.
RESULTS
Twenty studies were analyzed, which included 1,819 women. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were calculated across eight subgroups: for all sites, these were 0.83 and 0.90, respectively; for the bladder, 0.64 and 0.98, respectively; for the intestine, 0.84 and 0.97, respectively; for the pouch of Douglas, 0.89 and 0.94, respectively; for the rectosigmoid, 0.83 and 0.88, respectively; for the rectovaginal, 0.77 and 0.95, respectively; for the uterosacral ligaments, 0.85 and 0.80, respectively; and for the vagina and the posterior vaginal fornix, 0.82 and 0.82, respectively.
CONCLUSION
In summary, pelvic MRI is a useful preoperative test for predicting the diagnosis of multiple sites of deep infiltrating endometriosis.
Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Adnexa Uteri; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Pelvis; Predictive Value of Tests; Preoperative Care; Sensitivity and Specificity; Vagina
PubMed: 25288268
DOI: 10.1007/s00404-014-3470-7 -
Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology &... Nov 2014Constipation is an uncomfortable and common condition that affects many, irrespective of age. Since 1500 BC and before, health care practitioners have provided... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Constipation is an uncomfortable and common condition that affects many, irrespective of age. Since 1500 BC and before, health care practitioners have provided treatments and prevention strategies to patients for chronic constipation despite the significant variation in both medical and personal perceptions of the condition.
OBJECTIVE
To review relevant research evidence from clinical studies investigating the efficacy and safety of commercially available pharmacological laxatives in Canada, with emphasis on studies adopting the Rome criteria for defining functional constipation.
SEARCH METHODS
PubMed, Medline, Embase and Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews databases were searched for blinded or randomized clinical trials and meta-analyses assessing the efficacy of nonstimulant and stimulant laxatives for the treatment of functional constipation.
RESULTS
A total of 19 clinical studies and four meta-analyses were retrieved and abstracted regarding study design, participants, interventions and outcomes. The majority of studies focused on polyethylene glycol compared with placebo. Both nonstimulant and stimulant laxatives provided better relief of constipation symptoms than placebo according to both objective and subjective measures. Only one study compared the efficacy of a nonstimulant versus a stimulant laxative, while only two reported changes in quality of life. All studies reported minor side effects due to laxative use, regardless of treatment duration, which ranged from one week to one year. Laxatives were well tolerated by both adults and children.
Topics: Bisacodyl; Canada; Citrates; Constipation; Dioctyl Sulfosuccinic Acid; Humans; Lactulose; Laxatives; Magnesium Oxide; Organometallic Compounds; Paraffin; Picolines; Polyethylene Glycols; Psyllium; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25390617
DOI: 10.1155/2014/631740 -
The Journal of Laryngology and Otology Dec 2017The mainstay of management of epistaxis refractory to first aid and cautery is intranasal packing. This review aimed to identify evidence surrounding nasal pack use. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
BACKGROUND
The mainstay of management of epistaxis refractory to first aid and cautery is intranasal packing. This review aimed to identify evidence surrounding nasal pack use.
METHOD
A systematic review of the literature was performed using standardised methodology.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven eligible articles were identified relating to non-dissolvable packs and nine to dissolvable packs. Nasal packing appears to be more effective when applied by trained professionals. For non-dissolvable packs, the re-bleed rates for Rapid Rhino and Merocel were similar, but were higher with bismuth iodoform paraffin paste packing. Rapid Rhino packs were the most tolerated non-dissolvable packs. Evidence indicates that 96 per cent of re-bleeding occurs within the first 4 hours after nasal pack removal. Limited evidence suggests that dissolvable packs are effective and well tolerated by patients. There was a lack of evidence relating to: the duration of pack use, the economic effects of pack choice and the appropriate care setting for non-dissolvable packs.
CONCLUSION
Rapid Rhino packs are the best tolerated, with efficacy equivalent to nasal tampons. FloSeal is easy to use, causes less discomfort and may be superior to Merocel in anterior epistaxis cases. There is no strong evidence to support prophylactic antibiotic use.
Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Electrocoagulation; Epistaxis; First Aid; Hemostatics; Humans; Tampons, Surgical; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29280695
DOI: 10.1017/S0022215117002055 -
Child: Care, Health and Development Sep 2020Unintentional home injury is an important cause of death and disability among children, especially those living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Unintentional home injury is an important cause of death and disability among children, especially those living in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This systematic review aimed to synthesize evidence about the effectiveness of environmental interventions to prevent unintentional child injury and/or reduce injury hazards in the home in LMICs.
METHODS
Seven electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled before and after (CBA) studies published up to 1 April 2018. Potentially eligible citations were screened by title and abstract and full texts of studies obtained. Synthesis was reported narratively, and where possible, meta-analysis was conducted.
RESULTS
Four studies met the inclusion criteria: One CBA study reported changes in injury incidence, and three RCTs reported changes in frequency of home hazards. In one study, child resistant containers were found effective in reducing the incidence of paraffin ingestion by 47% during and by 50% postintervention. A meta-analysis of two trials found that home inspection, safety education and safety devices reduced postintervention mean scores for poisoning hazards [mean difference (MD) -0.77; 95% CI [-1.36, -0.19]] and burn-related unsafe practices (MD -0.37; 95% CI [-0.66, -0.09]) but not for falls or electrical and paraffin burn hazards. A single trial found that home inspection and safety education reduced the postintervention mean scores for fall hazards (MD -0.5; 95% CI [-0.66, -0.33]) but not for ingestion hazards.
CONCLUSION
There is limited evidence that environmental change interventions reduce child injuries but evidence that they reduce some home hazards. More evidence is needed to determine if altering the physical home environment by removing potential hazards reduces injuries in LMICs.
Topics: Accident Prevention; Accidents, Home; Child; Developing Countries; Humans; Protective Devices
PubMed: 32410304
DOI: 10.1111/cch.12772 -
BMC Cancer Mar 2015Patient response to chemotherapy for ovarian cancer is extremely heterogeneous and there are currently no tools to aid the prediction of sensitivity or resistance to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Patient response to chemotherapy for ovarian cancer is extremely heterogeneous and there are currently no tools to aid the prediction of sensitivity or resistance to chemotherapy and allow treatment stratification. Such a tool could greatly improve patient survival by identifying the most appropriate treatment on a patient-specific basis.
METHODS
PubMed was searched for studies predicting response or resistance to chemotherapy using gene expression measurements of human tissue in ovarian cancer.
RESULTS
42 studies were identified and both the data collection and modelling methods were compared. The majority of studies utilised fresh-frozen or formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue. Modelling techniques varied, the most popular being Cox proportional hazards regression and hierarchical clustering which were used by 17 and 11 studies respectively. The gene signatures identified by the various studies were not consistent, with very few genes being identified by more than two studies. Patient cohorts were often noted to be heterogeneous with respect to chemotherapy treatment undergone by patients.
CONCLUSIONS
A clinically applicable gene signature capable of predicting patient response to chemotherapy has not yet been identified. Research into a predictive, as opposed to prognostic, model could be highly beneficial and aid the identification of the most suitable treatment for patients.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Female; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms; Predictive Value of Tests
PubMed: 25886033
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-015-1101-8 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... May 2015This article describes the second update of a Cochrane review on the effectiveness of laxatives for the management of constipation in people receiving palliative care.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
This article describes the second update of a Cochrane review on the effectiveness of laxatives for the management of constipation in people receiving palliative care. Previous versions were published in 2006 and 2010 where we also evaluated trials of methylnaltrexone; these trials have been removed as they are included in another review in press. In these earlier versions, we drew no conclusions on individual effectiveness of different laxatives because of the limited number of evaluations. This is despite constipation being common in palliative care, generating considerable suffering due to the unpleasant physical symptoms and the availability of a wide range of laxatives with known differences in effect in other populations.
OBJECTIVES
To determine the effectiveness and differential efficacy of laxatives used to manage constipation in people receiving palliative care.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; The Cochrane Library), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science (SCI & CPCI-S) for trials to September 2014.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating laxatives for constipation in people receiving palliative care.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two authors assessed trial quality and extracted data. The appropriateness of combining data from the studies depended upon clinical and outcome measure homogeneity.
MAIN RESULTS
We identified five studies involving the laxatives lactulose, senna, co-danthramer, misrakasneham, docusate and magnesium hydroxide with liquid paraffin. Overall, the study findings were at an unclear risk of bias. As all five studies compared different laxatives or combinations of laxatives, it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis. There was no evidence on whether individual laxatives were more effective than others or caused fewer adverse effects.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
This second update found that laxatives were of similar effectiveness but the evidence remains limited due to insufficient data from a few small RCTs. None of the studies evaluated polyethylene glycol or any intervention given rectally. There is a need for more trials to evaluate the effectiveness of laxatives in palliative care populations. Extrapolating findings on the effectiveness of laxatives evaluated in other populations should proceed with caution. This is because of the differences inherent in people receiving palliative care that may impact, in a likely negative way, on the effect of a laxative.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anthraquinones; Cathartics; Constipation; Humans; Lactulose; Magnesium Hydroxide; Naltrexone; Palliative Care; Paraffin; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Senna Extract
PubMed: 25967924
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003448.pub4 -
Virus Research Oct 2023To review the available studies on the frequency of detection of the bovine leukemia virus in human samples, a systematic review with meta-analysis of the scientific... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
To review the available studies on the frequency of detection of the bovine leukemia virus in human samples, a systematic review with meta-analysis of the scientific literature was carried out, including papers published in English, Spanish, and Portuguese in 5 multidisciplinary databases. We collected information from different populations following a detailed and reproducible search protocol in which two researchers verified the inclusion and exclusion criteria. We identified 759 articles, of which only 33 met the inclusion criteria. Analyzed studies reported that the presence of the virus was measured in human samples, such as paraffin-embedded breast tissue and peripheral blood from 10,398 individuals, through serological and molecular techniques. An overall virus frequency of 27% (Ranging between 17 and 37%) was observed, with a high-frequency data heterogeneity between studies. The presence of this virus in different human biological samples suggests the need to investigate further its transmission route to humans and its potential role in developing and progressing diseases.
Topics: Humans; Leukemia Virus, Bovine
PubMed: 37532141
DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199186