-
Asian Journal of Andrology 2019Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection appears to play an important role in the development of penile cancer (PeCa), but their relationship remains unclear. Therefore, we... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection appears to play an important role in the development of penile cancer (PeCa), but their relationship remains unclear. Therefore, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to elucidate their relationship. We systematically searched Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for case-control studies and cross-sectional studies using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) or paraffin-embedded (PE) PeCa tissues to detect HPV (published between January 1, 2007, and December 29, 2017; no language restrictions). Twenty-two studies were identified, and 1664 cases were available for analysis. The combined HPV infectious risk of PeCa is 51.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 43.0%-60.0%). The three most common subtypes of HPV were HPV16 (28.5%), HPV18 (2.3%), and HPV6 (2.3%). The virus was relevantly associated with basaloid (85.5%, 95% CI: 77.2%-93.8%) and warty (50.0%, 95% CI: 35.2%-64.8%) carcinomas. The invasiveness of PeCa was not associated with HPV (χ = 0.181, df = 1, P < 0.671). HPV infection in PeCa tended to be moderately differentiated (54.4%, 95% CI: 47.7%-61.1%). This study found that almost half of PeCa patients are associated with HPV. The most commonly associated genotype is HPV16, but several other genotypes were also detected. In addition to types 6 and 11, other single low-risk HPV infections have been found to contribute to PeCa to a lesser degree. HPV-positive tumors tend to exhibit warty and/or basaloid features, corresponding to a moderate histological grade. The role of HPV in PeCa should be revisited to provide evidence for the development of PeCa in the presence of HPV infection.
Topics: Humans; Male; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Penile Neoplasms; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31134917
DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_39_19 -
Histochemistry and Cell Biology Jul 2020Molecular pathology allows the identification of causative agents in infectious diseases and detection of biomarkers important for prediction of disease susceptibility,...
Molecular pathology allows the identification of causative agents in infectious diseases and detection of biomarkers important for prediction of disease susceptibility, diagnosis and personalized therapy. Accordingly, nucleic acid-based methods have gained a special role in clinical laboratories particularly to evaluate solid and hematological tumors. Extraction of nucleic acids is commonly performed in microdissected formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) or cytological samples that had been previously evaluated through the use of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) or Papanicolau (Pap) stains, respectively. Although the effect of both stains on nucleic acids integrity has been explored by several authors, the results are not consistent and require further examination. Accordingly, the goal of this review was to assess the influence of H&E and Pap stains on DNA and RNA integrity and to address the mechanism by which each staining compromises molecular based-analysis. The analyzed studies demonstrate that H&E- and Pap-staining result in low DNA recovery and some degree of DNA fragmentation. Additionally, it is concluded that hemalum inhibits PCR by interfering with DNA extraction, preventing DNA polymerase attachment and possibly by rescuing divalent cations. Accordingly, proper sample purification and adjustment of PCR conditions are of key importance to achieve satisfactory results by PCR in H&E- and Pap-stained samples. Furthermore, although H&E results in RNA fragmentation, it is possible to perform expression analysis in H&E-stained frozen sections, using RNase-free conditions, low amounts of hematoxylin and a rapid protocol from sample collection to RNA analysis. It The effect of Pap-staining on RNA integrity remains to be determined.
Topics: Animals; DNA; Eosine Yellowish-(YS); Hematoxylin; Humans; Papanicolaou Test; Paraffin Embedding; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA; Staining and Labeling
PubMed: 32372108
DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01882-w -
Supportive Care in Cancer : Official... Dec 2022To identify the most effective dressing for application to surgical wounds with primary closure to prevent surgical site infection (SSI) in adult patients with cancer... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
To identify the most effective dressing for application to surgical wounds with primary closure to prevent surgical site infection (SSI) in adult patients with cancer undergoing elective surgeries.
METHODS
This systematic review was based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis, with online searches conducted in the CINHAL, Cochrane Central, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Livivo, and Web of Science databases. An additional search was conducted in gray literature using Google Scholar. The risk of bias was assessed using RoB 2.0. The certainty of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment and Development and Evaluation, and the results were synthesized in a descriptive manner and using meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Eleven randomized clinical trials were conducted to compare different types of dressing-silver dressing with absorbent dressing (n = 3), mupirocin dressing with paraffin/no dressing (n = 1), honey-based dressing with absorbent dressing (n = 1), vitamin E and silicone-containing dressing with absorbent dressing (n = 1), and negative pressure wound therapy with absorbent dressing (n = 4)-and compare the usage duration of absorbent dressing (n = 1). Nine trials presented a low risk of bias, and two were classified as having uncertain bias. Compared with absorbent dressing, silver dressing did not reduce the risk of developing any type of SSI in 894 clinical trial participants (risk relative RR: 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.44, 1.17] p = 0.18). Compared with absorbent dressing, negative pressure wound therapy did not reduce the risk of developing any type of SSI in the 1041 participants of two clinical trials (RR 0.68; 95% CI [0.31, 1.26] p = 0.22). The certainty of evidence of the three meta-analyses was considered low or very low for the prevention of SSI. We believe that this low certainty of evidence can be improved by conducting new studies in the future.
CONCLUSION
There is no evidence regarding which dressing is the most effective in preventing SSI in adult patients with cancer.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Surgical Wound Infection; Silver; Wound Healing; Bandages; Neoplasms
PubMed: 36512091
DOI: 10.1007/s00520-022-07467-8 -
The Journal of Dermatological Treatment Apr 2015Topical antibiotics are not indicated for postsurgical wound infection prophylaxis in clean and clean-contaminated dermatologic surgeries, yet many dermatologists... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
IMPORTANCE
Topical antibiotics are not indicated for postsurgical wound infection prophylaxis in clean and clean-contaminated dermatologic surgeries, yet many dermatologists continue to prescribe them. The objective of our systematic review and meta-analysis was to critically assess the efficacy of topical antibiotics in terms of preventing postsurgical wound infections in the dermatology outpatient setting.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase, MD Consult, Science Direct, Springer Link, DynaMed and Cochrane online medical databases were searched from 1980 to 2013.
RESULTS
Using random effects modeling, the pooled odds ratio of developing a postsurgical wound infection was 0.71 (95% CI, 0.42-1.19).
DISCUSSION
Pooled data of the four trials in the meta-analysis did not show a statistically significant difference in incidence of postsurgical wound infections between topical antibiotics and petrolatum/paraffin. In the setting of moist occlusive dressings, there is no statistically significant difference in prophylactic efficacy between applying and not applying ointment to surgical wounds. Wounds at increased risk of developing surgical site infections include wounds in diabetics, wounds located in certain anatomic regions, and wounds created by some surgical procedures.
CONCLUSIONS
Petrolatum should be used instead of topical antibiotics as a prophylactic measure to prevent postsurgical wound infections in the outpatient dermatologic setting.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Dermatologic Surgical Procedures; Humans; Occlusive Dressings; Surgical Wound Infection
PubMed: 24646178
DOI: 10.3109/09546634.2014.906547 -
Brazilian Journal of Biology = Revista... 2021Alo vera is a centenary remedy use for minor wounds and burns, but its mechanism of wound healing has not been know since. This article will evaluate and gather evidence...
Alo vera is a centenary remedy use for minor wounds and burns, but its mechanism of wound healing has not been know since. This article will evaluate and gather evidence of the effectiveness and safety of the use of aloe vera in the treatment of burns. A systematic review was carried out on the databases: MEDLINE, LILACS, DECS, SCIELO, in the last 7 years, with the descriptors: "Aloe", "Burns" and "treatment". 16 articles were found. After using the exclusion criteria; research in non-humans and literature review; 5 articles were selected. The article Teplick et al. (2018) performed an in vitro clinical experiment in A. Vera solution, and demonstrated that there was proliferation and cell migration of human skin fibroblasts and keratinocytes, in addition to being protective in the death of keratonocytes. That is, it accelerates the healing of wounds. Muangman et al. (2016), evaluated 50 patients with 20% of the total body surface area burned with second-degree burns, between 18-60 years old, with half of the group receiving gauze dressings with soft paraffin containing 0.5% chlorhexidine acetate and the other half receiving polyester dressings containing extracts of medicinal plants mainly Aloe Vera. It had positive results, a higher healing speed and shorter hospital stay compared to the control group. Hwang et al. (2015) investigated the antioxidant effects of different extracts from 2,4,6,8,12 months of Aloe Vera. And the 6-month concentrated extract of 0.25 mg / mL had a higher content of flavonoids (9.750 mg catechin equivalent / g extract) and polyphenols (23.375 mg gallic acid equivalent / g extract) and the greater ferric reducing antioxidant power (0.047 mM equivalent ferrous sulfate / mg extract), that is, greater potential for free radical scavenging and also a protective effect against oxidative stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP), suggesting evidence of a bioactive potential of A. vera . However, in the article Kolacz et al. (2014) suggested as an alternative treatment the use of Aloe Vera dressing in combination with honey, lanolin, olive oil, wheat germ oil, marshmallow root, wormwood, comfrey root, white oak bark, lobelia inflata, glycerin vegetable oil, beeswax and myrrh, without obtaining significant and conclusive results that would allow the conventional treatment of burns to be subsidized. Finally, in the article by Zurita and Gallegos (2017), it carried out a descriptive cross-sectional study with 321 people, both sexes between 17-76 years of age, of an inductive nature, exploring the experience of this population and their behavioral attitudes regarding the treatment of dermatoses. Aloe vera had 13.8% cited by individuals in the treatment of acne and 33.6% in the treatment of burns. Even with evidence that suggests the efficacy in the treatment of burns with the use of Aloe Vera extract, further clinical trials with larger sample space on the use of Aloe vera dressings in medium burns are suggested for further conclusions.
Topics: Aloe; Burns; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Wound Healing
PubMed: 34550291
DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.249209 -
Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences Jul 2023This review aims to determine the potential role of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) in the pathogenesis of cervical squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
This review aims to determine the potential role of Merkel Cell Polyomavirus (MCPyV) in the pathogenesis of cervical squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas.
METHODS
A PRISMA systematic search appraisal was conducted. The Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and MEDLINE databases for publications in English were searched up to September 2022 for all relevant articles. All articles that have outlined the contributions of the MCPyV to cervical squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas were included.
RESULTS
The six databases produced 6806 articles. Only six articles met the inclusion criteria and were included. The protocol of this review was submitted and registered with the PROSPERO (Code no. CRD42022369197). The total sample size across the articles was 1135; the age of the participants ranged between 18 and 75 years. In addition, the included articles were conducted between 2012 to 2016. All included articles have a cross-sectional design.Furthermore, different kinds of samples were collected in the reviewed articles, namely cervical tissue biopsies, cervical smears, formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded resection specimens, and cervical adenocarcinomas. Moreover, five articles showed no statistically significant association between the MCPyV and cervical squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. In contrast, one article revealed a positive association between MCPyV and cervical squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas.
CONCLUSIONS
MCPyV could not be associated with the pathogenesis of cervical squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. Further attention should be given to examining this association, and further studies with a large sample size are recommended to confirm these findings.
Topics: Humans; Female; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Adenocarcinoma; Polyomavirus Infections; Merkel cell polyomavirus; Tumor Virus Infections; Middle Aged; Adult; Aged
PubMed: 38784202
DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v33i4.18 -
Oncoimmunology Feb 2015Both IL-17 and Th17 cells have been ascribed tumor promoting as well as tumor suppressing functions. We reviewed the literature on correlations between IL-17 versus... (Review)
Review
Both IL-17 and Th17 cells have been ascribed tumor promoting as well as tumor suppressing functions. We reviewed the literature on correlations between IL-17 versus Th17 cells and survival in human cancer, following the PRISMA guidelines. Serum, formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue and peripheral blood samples were most frequently studied. High IL-17 quantities were correlated with poor prognosis, whereas high Th17 cell frequencies were correlated with improved prognosis. Since Th17 cells are a subpopulation of IL-17 cells and had a different correlation with prognosis than total IL-17, we substantiate that a distinction should be made between Th17 and other IL-17 cells.
PubMed: 25949881
DOI: 10.4161/2162402X.2014.984547 -
International Journal of Gynecological... Sep 2014A systematic review was performed to estimate the accuracy of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) assay in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
A systematic review was performed to estimate the accuracy of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) assay in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors.
METHODS
A comprehensive search of the MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, IBECS, BIOSIS, Web of Science, SCOPUS, congress abstracts, and Grey literature (Google scholar; British Library) from January 1990 to April 2013 was conducted. Studies that evaluated HE4 levels for the diagnosis of ovarian tumors and compared them with paraffin-embedded sections as the diagnostic standard were included.
RESULTS
Forty-five studies were analyzed, which included 10,671 women and 3946 ovarian cancer cases. The pooled sensitivity for the diagnosis of borderline tumors or ovarian cancer was 78% (95% confidence interval, 77%-79%), and the specificity was 86% (95% confidence interval, 85%-87%). Summary receiver operating characteristic curves were constructed. For malignant and borderline ovarian tumors versus benign lesions, the area under the curve was 0.916. Besides the overall analysis, stratification was performed in premenopause and postmenopause, early and late stages, and for accuracy by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and chemiluminescence microparticle immuno assay.
CONCLUSIONS
A HE4 level is a useful preoperative test for predicting the benign or malignant nature of pelvic masses.
Topics: Cystadenofibroma; Female; Humans; Ovarian Neoplasms; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Proteins; Sensitivity and Specificity; WAP Four-Disulfide Core Domain Protein 2
PubMed: 25078339
DOI: 10.1097/IGC.0000000000000192 -
Aesthetic Plastic Surgery Feb 2021Botulinum toxin injection, micro-needling injection, and filler injection are the most widely used non-surgical facial cosmetic treatments. Hypersensitivity reactions... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Botulinum toxin injection, micro-needling injection, and filler injection are the most widely used non-surgical facial cosmetic treatments. Hypersensitivity reactions associated with injections have not received sufficient attention due to their low incidence rates. The authors tried to summarize the characteristics of the hypersensitivity caused by cosmetic injections and helped to improve the diagnosis and treatment.
METHODS
A comprehensive search of the PubMed database to September 2019 was performed. Articles were screened using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data collected included patient characteristics, injection information (injected material, trade name, location of injection, symptoms of allergy, time of onset), diagnostic examination, treatment, and prognosis.
RESULTS
A total of 14 articles (57 patients) were included. There were 3 patients receiving botulinum toxin injection, 3 patients receiving micro-needling injection, and 46 patients receiving hyaluronic acid injection. Five patients were injected with collagen, polyacrylamide, paraffin, alkyl-imide or hyaluronidase, separately. The symptoms were redness, swelling, itching or induration at the injection site. The diagnosis and treatment methods vary greatly depending on the injection fillers. Removing the injected filler is the primary treatment.
CONCLUSION
Although hypersensitivity reaction is a relatively uncommon adverse event, more practice guidelines and research on diagnosis and treatment are demanded to help improve the outcomes.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III
This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these evidence-based medicine ratings, please refer to the table of contents or the online instructions to authors www.springer.com/00266 .
Topics: Cosmetic Techniques; Dermal Fillers; Humans; Hyaluronic Acid; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase; Hypersensitivity; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32206863
DOI: 10.1007/s00266-020-01684-4 -
Journal of Hand Therapy : Official... 2019Systematic review.
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic review.
INTRODUCTION
Hand osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic and disabling disease causing pain and functional limitations in approximately 54%-67% of the adult population aged 55 years and older.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The objective of the study is to evaluate the evidence supporting conservative therapeutic interventions for the treatment of OA finger joints.
METHODS
Eighteen studies dated between 1979 and 2016 were identified meeting the inclusion criteria. They were analyzed based on Structured Effectiveness for Quality Evaluation of a Study, level of evidence, and effect size.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS
The current evidence varies in quality and effect sizes but generally supports the use of active range of motion and resistive exercises, joint protection, electromagnetic therapy, paraffin wax, and balneotherapy (combined and/or not combined with mud packs and magnetotherapy), and distal interphalangeal orthoses as effective treatment interventions for individuals with OA finger joints.
Topics: Balneology; Conservative Treatment; Finger Joint; Hand Strength; Humans; Orthotic Devices; Osteoarthritis; Pain Measurement; Paraffin; Physical Therapy Modalities
PubMed: 30017415
DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2018.01.001