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The Journal of Oral Implantology Dec 2023Dental implants are a predictable option to replace missing teeth. Patients on antiresorptive medications used to treat disorders associated with bone resorption may... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Dental implants are a predictable option to replace missing teeth. Patients on antiresorptive medications used to treat disorders associated with bone resorption may need dental implants to replace missing teeth. The data on implant failure in patients on antiresorptive medication requiring dental implants, is conflicting and limited. This systematic review aims to investigate if antiresorptive medications have any clinical impact on dental implant survival. Electronic databases were searched until May 2020. The focus question (PICOS): Participants: humans, Interventions: implant placement surgery in patients on antiresorptive medication, Comparisons: patients on antiresorptive medication vs control (patients not on antiresorptive medication), Outcomes: implant survival, and Study design: clinical studies. The protocol of this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020209083). Fourteen nonrandomized studies were selected for data extraction and risk of bias assessment using the ROBINS-1 tool. Only studies with a control were included for the meta-analysis, 8 articles were included in the meta-analysis using implant-level data, and 5 articles were included in the meta-analysis using patient-level data. There was no statistical significance between the 2 groups at the patient level based on 265 patients. However, there was a statistically significant difference at the implant level based on 2697 implants. Therefore, antiresorptive medications, mainly bisphosphonates (BPs), may significantly contribute to implant failure. Antiresorptive medications, especially BPs may reduce implant survival and impair the osseointegration of dental implants. Failed implants in patients on BPs may not lead to osteonecrosis and may be replaced with success.
Topics: Humans; Dental Implants; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Diphosphonates; Osteonecrosis; Osseointegration
PubMed: 37905745
DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-D-21-00160 -
International Journal of Surgery... Aug 2021Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder. In the last few decades, the introduction of Rapid Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone (ioPTH)... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The role of Rapid Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone (ioPTH) assay in determining outcome of parathyroidectomy in primary hyperparathyroidism: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a common endocrine disorder. In the last few decades, the introduction of Rapid Intraoperative Parathyroid Hormone (ioPTH) monitoring has allowed to ensurance of the excision of all hyperfunctioning parathyroid tissues, reducing the risks of persistent and recurrent PHPT. However, the use of ioPTH is still debated among endocrine surgeons.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess if ioPTH monitoring is able to reduce the incidence of persistent or recurrent PHPT. A systematic literature search was performed using PubMed, Scopus, ISI-Web of Science and Cochrane Library Database. Prospective and retrospective studies addressing the efficacy of ioPTH monitoring were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. The random-effects model was assumed to account for different sources of variation among studies. The overall effect size was computed through the inverse variance method. Heterogeneity across studies, possible outlier studies, and publication bias were evaluated.
RESULTS
A total of 28 studies with 13,323 patients were included in the quantitative analysis. The incidence of operative failure was 3.2% in the case group and 5.8% in the control group. After excluding three outlier studies, the quantitative analysis revealed that ioPTH reduced significantly the incidence of postoperative persistent or recurrent PHPT. (Risk Difference = -0.02; CI = -0.03, -0.01; p < 0.001). There was no evidence of heterogeneity among the studies (Q = 19.92, p = 0.70; I = 0%). The analysis of several continuous moderators revealed that the effectiveness of ioPTH was larger in studies with lower preoperative serum calcium values and higher incidences of multiple gland disease.
CONCLUSION
ioPTH monitoring is effective in reducing the incidence of persistent and recurrent PHPT. Its routine use should be suggested in the next guidelines regarding management of PHPT.
Topics: Humans; Hyperparathyroidism, Primary; Intraoperative Period; Parathyroid Hormone; Parathyroidectomy; Secondary Prevention; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34339883
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2021.106042 -
Calcified Tissue International Oct 2021It is acknowledged that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused profound disruption to the delivery of healthcare services globally. This has affected the management of many... (Review)
Review
It is acknowledged that the COVID-19 pandemic has caused profound disruption to the delivery of healthcare services globally. This has affected the management of many long-term conditions including osteoporosis as resources are diverted to cover urgent care. Osteoporosis is a public health concern worldwide and treatment is required for the prevention of further bone loss, deterioration of skeletal micro-architecture, and fragility fractures. This review provides information on how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. We also provide clinical recommendations on the adaptation of care pathways based on experience from five referral centres to ensure that patients with osteoporosis are still treated and to reduce the risk of fractures both for the individual patient and on a societal basis. We address the use of the FRAX tool for risk stratification and initiation of osteoporosis treatment and discuss the potential adaptations to treatment pathways in view of limitations on the availability of DXA. We focus on the issues surrounding initiation and maintenance of treatment for patients on parenteral therapies such as zoledronate, denosumab, teriparatide, and romosozumab during the pandemic. The design of these innovative care pathways for the management of patients with osteoporosis may also provide a platform for future improvement to osteoporosis services when routine clinical care resumes.
Topics: Bone Density Conservation Agents; COVID-19; Humans; Osteoporosis; Osteoporotic Fractures; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; Teriparatide
PubMed: 34003337
DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00858-9 -
JAMA Surgery Jan 2018There has been an increased interest in measuring parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels as an early predictive marker for the development of hypocalcemia after total...
IMPORTANCE
There has been an increased interest in measuring parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels as an early predictive marker for the development of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy. However, significant variation exists in the timing, type of assay, and thresholds of PTH in the literature.
OBJECTIVE
We performed a systematic review to examine the utility of PTH levels in predicting temporary postthyroidectomy hypocalcemia.
EVIDENCE REVIEW
A systematic literature review of studies published prior to May 25, 2016 was performed within PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Cochrane databases using the following terms and keywords: "thyroidectomy," "parathyroid hormone," and "hypocalcaemia," "calcium," or "calcitriol." Each candidate full-text publication was reviewed by 2 independent reviewers and selected for data extraction if the study examined the prognostic significance of PTH obtained within 24 hours after thyroidectomy to predict hypocalcaemia. Studies were excluded if calcium supplementation was used routinely or based on a PTH level. Study characteristics, PTH parameters used to predict hypocalcemia, and their respective accuracies were summarized.
FINDINGS
The initial search yielded 2417 abstracts. Sixty-nine studies, comprising 9163 patients, were included. Overall, for an absolute PTH threshold, the median accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 86%, 85%, and 86%, respectively. For a percentage change over time the median accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were 89%, 88%, and 90%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The existing literature regarding PTH levels to predict postthyroidectomy hypocalcemia is extremely heterogeneous. A single PTH threshold is not a reliable measure of hypocalcemia. Additional prospective studies controlled for timing of laboratory draws and a priori defined PTH thresholds need to be performed to ascertain the true prognostic significance of PTH in predicting postthyroidectomy hypocalcaemia.
Topics: Biomarkers; Humans; Hypocalcemia; Parathyroid Hormone; Postoperative Complications; Preoperative Period; Sensitivity and Specificity; Thyroidectomy
PubMed: 29167863
DOI: 10.1001/jamasurg.2017.3398 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2017Primary hyperparathyroidism is increasingly an asymptomatic disease at diagnosis, but the recognized guidelines for management are based on evidence obtained from... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Primary hyperparathyroidism is increasingly an asymptomatic disease at diagnosis, but the recognized guidelines for management are based on evidence obtained from studies on patients with symptomatic disease, and surgery is not always indicated. Other patients are unable to undergo surgery, and thus a medical treatment is warranted. This systematic review provides an overview of the existing literature on contemporary pharmaceutical options available for the medical management of primary hyperparathyroidism.
METHODS
Databases of medical literature were searched for articles including terms for primary hyperparathyroidism and each of the included drugs. Data on s-calcium, s-parathyroid hormone, bone turnover markers, bone mineral density (BMD) and hard endpoints were extracted and tabulated, and level of evidence was determined. Changes in s-calcium were estimated and a meta-regression analysis was performed.
RESULTS
The 1,999 articles were screened for eligibility and 54 were included in the review. Weighted mean changes calculated for each drug in s-total calcium (mean change from baseline ± SEM) were pamidronate (0.31 ± 0.034 mmol/l); alendronate (0.07 ± 0.05 mmol/l); clodronate (0.20 ± 0.040 mmol/l); mixed bisphosphonates (0.16 ± 0.049 mmol/l); and cinacalcet (0.37 ± 0.013 mmol/l). The meta-analysis revealed a significant decrease of effect on s-calcium with time for the bisphosphonates (Coef. -0.049 ± 0.023, = 0.035), while cinacalcet proved to maintain its effect on s-calcium over time. Bisphosphonates improved BMD while cinacalcet had no effect.
DISCUSSION
The included studies demonstrate advantages and drawbacks of the available pharmaceutical options that can prove helpful in the clinical setting. The great variation in how primary hyperparathyroidism is manifested requires that management should rely on an individual evaluation when counseling patients. Combining resorptive agents with calcimimetics could prove rewarding, but more studies are warranted.
PubMed: 28473803
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00079 -
Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 2022High serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) have been associated with osteoporosis, sarcopenia and osteosarcopenia. Gait velocity is a predictor of adverse... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES
High serum concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) have been associated with osteoporosis, sarcopenia and osteosarcopenia. Gait velocity is a predictor of adverse outcomes. This systematic review aimed to assess the observational evidence studying the association of PTH concentrations with gait velocity in adults.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Embase (Ovid interface) and Cochrane (CENTRAL) for published studies evaluating circulating PTH in human adults aged >20 years, without date or language restriction. We excluded studies with patients on dialysis and if PTH was measured following any intervention having a potential effect on its concentrations. Primary outcome was gait velocity, defined as the time needed to walk a predetermined distance or distance walked during a fixed period at usual pace or fast pace. Two independent researchers conducted data extraction and evaluated the risk of bias. A third reviewer resolved disagreements. Risk of bias assessment was done using the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute quality assessment tool.
RESULTS
A total of 681 articles were retrieved from the systematic search. Following full-text review and risk of bias assessment, 8 studies were included for final analysis. Of the included studies, three demonstrated a significant inverse association between high PTH concentrations and gait velocity, one study showed an indirect association, and two studies showed a non-significant association of increasing PTH levels with declining gait speed. Two studies showed no relation. In addition, three of the studies also highlighted a negative correlation between PTH levels and muscle strength.
CONCLUSION
Our review of published studies suggests that higher concentrations of PTH are associated with reduced gait velocity in adults. This relationship deserves further exploration with RCTs designed to assess the effects of correcting abnormal circulating PTH levels on physical performance in adults.
Topics: Gait; Humans; Osteoporosis; Parathyroid Hormone; Sarcopenia; Walking Speed
PubMed: 34856523
DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104579 -
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,... Dec 2023Menopause and vitamin D deficiency increase bone reabsorption and bone fracture risk in women in postmenopause, and vitamin D supplementation may improve bone health and... (Review)
Review
Supplementation of vitamin D isolated or calcium-associated with bone remodeling and fracture risk in postmenopausal women without osteoporosis: A systematic review of randomized clinical trials.
Menopause and vitamin D deficiency increase bone reabsorption and bone fracture risk in women in postmenopause, and vitamin D supplementation may improve bone health and decrease bone fracture risk. This study aims to discuss the effect of vitamin D supplementation, isolated or calcium-associated, on remodeling and fracture risk bone in women in postmenopause without osteoporosis. This study was conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines (PROSPERO database registration: CRD42022359796). A search was conducted in four databases and gray literature using MeSH and similar terms related to supplements, vitamin D, calcium, remodeling, and fracture bone, without the restriction of language and year of publication. A total of 3460 studies were identified, and nine were selected. Vitamin D supplementation increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels ≥10 ng/mL and decreased parathyroid hormone secretion dependent on baseline levels. The doses of 400 IU of vitamin D improved the percentage of carboxylated osteocalcin, whereas 800 to 1000 IU combined with calcium resulted in reduced, improved, or maintained bone mineral density and reduced alkaline phosphatase levels. However, 4000 IU alone or combined with calcium for 6 mo did not improve C-telopeptide and procollagen type 1 peptide levels. Additionally, 15 000 IU/wk increased the cortical area of metacarpal bone, whereas 500 000 IU of vitamin D annually for 5 y did not contribute to reducing the fracture risk and falls. Only one study found a reduction in fracture risk (dose of 800 IU of vitamin D plus 1200 mg of calcium). Thus, the vitamin D supplementation, alone or calcium-associated, improved the status of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and bone remodeling, but it was not possible to assert that it reduced fracture bone risk in postmenopausal women.
Topics: Humans; Female; Calcium; Postmenopause; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Osteoporosis; Fractures, Bone; Calcium, Dietary; Calcifediol; Dietary Supplements; Bone Remodeling
PubMed: 37544189
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112151 -
Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma... Mar 2024Bisphosphonates (BPs) are one of the most often used drugs to lower fracture risk in osteoporosis patients; nonetheless, BPs have been linked to atypical femoral... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Bisphosphonates (BPs) are one of the most often used drugs to lower fracture risk in osteoporosis patients; nonetheless, BPs have been linked to atypical femoral fracture (AFF). Teriparatide (TPTD) is a parathyroid hormone analogue and anabolic drug that may accelerate fracture repair. TPTD has been considered as a possible treatment for AFF, particularly those caused by BP use. We evaluate the effect of TPTD on AFF in this systematic review and meta-analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A thorough search of: Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane was conducted on August 2, 2023. Trials evaluating the effect of TPTD on the incidence of: complete bone healing, non-union, early and delayed bone union, progression of incomplete AFF to complete AFF, and time to bone union were included. Using Review Manager (RevMan) version 5.4, the risk ratio (RR) and mean difference (MD) with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated for dichotomous and continuous outcomes, respectively. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess the quality of studies.
RESULTS
Eight studies met the eligibility criteria and were included in our analysis. TPTD significantly increased the incidence of early bone union (RR = 1.45, 95% CI [1.13, 1.87], P = 0.004) and time to bone union (MD = -1.56, 95% CI [-2.86, -0.26], P = 0.02) compared to the control group. No significant differences were observed in terms of complete bone healing (RR = 1.09, 95% CI [0.99, 1.13], P = 0.12), non-union (RR = 0.48, 95% CI [0.22, 1.04], P = 0.06), and progression of incomplete AFF to complete AFF (RR = 0.27, 95% CI [0.04, 1.97], P = 0.19).
CONCLUSIONS
TPTD is an effective therapy for enhancing and hastening healing following AFF, particularly in postoperative settings. Future large randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm or dispute the results.
Topics: Humans; Teriparatide; Bone Density Conservation Agents; Femoral Fractures; Osteoporosis; Diphosphonates; Femur
PubMed: 38135789
DOI: 10.1007/s00402-023-05171-8 -
Spine Sep 2018Systematic review and meta-analysis. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis Review
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy of the use of either bisphosphonates or teriparatide on radiographic and functional outcomes of patients that had thoracolumbar spinal fusion.
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA
Controversy exists as to whether bisphosphonates interfere with successful spinal arthrodesis. An alternative osteoporosis medication is teriparatide, a synthetic parathyroid hormone that has an anabolic effect on osteoblast function. To date, there is limited comparative data on the influence of bisphosphonates or teriparatide on spinal fusion.
METHODS
A systematic search of medical reference databases was conducted for comparative studies on bisphosphonate or teriparatide use after thoracolumbar spinal fusion. Meta-analysis was performed using the random-effects model for heterogeneity. Radiographic outcomes assessed include fusion rates, risk of screw loosening, cage subsidence, and vertebral fracture.
RESULTS
No statistically significant differences were noted between bisphosphonates and control groups regarding fusion rate and risk of screw loosening (fusion: odds ratio [OR] = 2.2, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87-5.56, P = 0.09; loosening: OR = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.14-1.48, P = 0.19). Teriparatide use was associated with higher fusion rates than bisphosphonates (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.55-3.42, P < 0.0001). However, no statistically significant difference was noted between teriparatide and bisphosphonates regarding risk of screw loosening (OR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.12-1.18, P = 0.09). Lastly, bisphosphonate use was associated with decreased odds of cage subsidence and vertebral fractures compared to controls (subsidence: OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.11-0.75, P = 0.01; fracture: OR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.07-0.48, P = 0.0007).
CONCLUSION
Bisphosphonates do not appear to impair successful spinal fusion compared to controls although teriparatide use is associated with higher fusion rates than bisphosphonates. In addition, bisphosphonate use is associated with decreased odds of cage subsidence and vertebral fractures compared to controls that had spinal fusion.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
3.
Topics: Bone Density Conservation Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diphosphonates; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Osteoporosis; Spinal Fractures; Spinal Fusion; Teriparatide; Thoracic Vertebrae
PubMed: 29462070
DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000002608 -
Emergency Medicine International 2019It is not uncommon for patients without preceding history of kidney disease to present to the Emergency department with renal failure. The absence of prior medical... (Review)
Review
Role of Parathyroid Hormone Assay and Bedside Ultrasound in the Emergency Department in Differentiating Acute Kidney Injury from Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review.
INTRODUCTION
It is not uncommon for patients without preceding history of kidney disease to present to the Emergency department with renal failure. The absence of prior medical records or renal imaging presents a diagnostic challenge. Elevated parathyroid hormone levels or echogenic contracted kidneys on ultrasound are known to point to a diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. The literature in this regard is surprisingly limited. The objective of this study is to assess the role of intact parathyroid (iPTH) blood level and bedside ultrasound in differentiating acute kidney injury from chronic kidney disease.
METHODS
A systematic review which included a literature search of 3 databases, PubMed, Embase, and Cinahl (R) as also secondary sources, was done. The inclusion criteria evaluated studies which evaluated iPTH or bedside ultrasound in differentiating acute kidney injury from chronic kidney disease. We excluded studies which used other laboratory biomarkers like neutrophil gelatin associated lipocalin (NGAL) or carbamylated haemoglobin. A total of 2256 articles were identified. After screening, the relevant articles were reviewed, and an assessment of their methodological quality was made based on the CASP: Critical Appraisals Skill Programme.
RESULTS
Of the 2256 articles identified, after screening, only 5 were identified as relevant.
CONCLUSIONS
An elevated parathyroid hormone level and echogenic contracted kidneys on bedside ultrasound in the Emergency department can help differentiate acute kidney injury from chronic kidney disease. This differentiation helps decide need for admission as well as further management. Although iPTH level may also rise in acute kidney injury, the value (2.5 times normal) can discriminate it from chronic kidney disease.
PubMed: 30993021
DOI: 10.1155/2019/2102390