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Tissue Engineering. Part B, Reviews Aug 2020Human Wharton's jelly stem cells (HWJSC) can be efficiently isolated from the umbilical cord, and numerous reports have demonstrated that these cells can differentiate...
Human Wharton's jelly stem cells (HWJSC) can be efficiently isolated from the umbilical cord, and numerous reports have demonstrated that these cells can differentiate into several cell lineages. This fact, coupled with the high proliferation potential of HWJSC, makes them a promising source of stem cells for use in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, their real potentiality has not been established to date. In the present study, we carried out a systematic review to determine the multilineage differentiation potential of HWJSC. After a systematic literature search, we selected 32 publications focused on the differentiation potential of these cells. Analysis of these studies showed that HWJSC display expanded differentiation potential toward some cell types corresponding to all three embryonic cell layers (ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal), which is consistent with their constitutive expression of key pluripotency markers such as OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG, and the embryonic marker SSEA4. We conclude that HWJSC can be considered cells in an intermediate state between multipotentiality and pluripotentiality, since their proliferation capability is not unlimited and differentiation to all cell types has not been demonstrated thus far. These findings support the clinical use of HWJSC for the treatment of diseases affecting not only mesoderm-type tissues but also other cell lineages. Impact statement Human Wharton's jelly stem cells (HWJSC) are mesenchymal stem cells that are easy to isolate and handle, and that readily proliferate. Their wide range of differentiation capabilities supports the view that these cells can be considered pluripotent. Accordingly, HWJSC are one of the most promising cell sources for clinical applications in advanced therapies.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Cell Lineage; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Pluripotent Stem Cells; Regenerative Medicine; Stem Cells
PubMed: 32085697
DOI: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2019.0257 -
Annals of Plastic Surgery Sep 2018With the continued application of fat grafting in plastic surgery, many studies have focused on various factors to improve maintenance of the fat graft volume, such as...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
With the continued application of fat grafting in plastic surgery, many studies have focused on various factors to improve maintenance of the fat graft volume, such as platelet-rich plasma, adipose-derived stromal/stem cells, and the stromal vascular fraction (SVF). In addition, many review articles have investigated the functions of platelet-rich plasma and adipose-derived stromal/stem cells in fat grafting, although the usefulness of the SVF remains unclear. The aim of the present review was to determine whether SVF use could maintain a fat graft.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted of the PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Embase databases of original articles published up to February 2018.
RESULTS
Relevant articles were identified by screening the abstracts. A total of 58 full texts were initially identified. After exclusion, 17 articles, including 6 animal studies and 11 clinical studies, were included for analysis.
CONCLUSIONS
Most studies found a significant and measurable long-term effect of SVF-enhanced fat grafting on breast augmentation and defects, wound healing, scaring, and facial aesthetic outcomes. Stromal vascular fraction use did not result in a higher instance of complications and, thus, can be considered a safe option for fat grafting.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Endothelial Cells; Graft Survival; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Pericytes; Plastic Surgery Procedures
PubMed: 30095540
DOI: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000001589