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ACS Nano Aug 2020Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) can reduce inflammation, promote healing, and improve organ function, thereby providing a potential...
Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs) can reduce inflammation, promote healing, and improve organ function, thereby providing a potential "cell-free" therapy. Prior to clinical translation, it is critical to synthesize existing evidence on preclinical methods and efficacy. To address these issues, we used gold standard systematic review methodology to consolidate information from all published animal studies investigating MSC-EVs as an intervention. A systematic search of MEDLINE and Embase identified 206 studies. Data were extracted in duplicate for methodology, experimental design, interventional traits, modifications, and outcomes. MSC-EVs were used to treat a variety of diseases and demonstrated benefits in 97% of studies. Adverse effects were reported in only three studies, two demonstrating tumor growth. A quarter of articles modified EVs to enhance efficacy, with 72% leading to markedly improved outcomes as compared to unmodified EVs. However, several key methodological concerns were evident. Only 60% of studies used nomenclature consistent with the size definitions of EVs. Ultracentrifugation (70%) and isolation kits (23%) were the most common isolation techniques with noted differences in yield and purity. EVs were inconsistently dosed by protein (68%) or particle concentration (16%). Two-thirds of studies administered xenogeneic EVs, suggesting immunocompatibility. Less than 25% of studies assessed EV biodistribution. Approaches for determining size, protein markers, and morphology were highly heterogeneous, with only 12 and 4 studies meeting the MISEV 2014 and 2018 recommendations, respectively. Knowledge gaps identified from this systematic review highlight important opportunities to improve preclinical design and methodology in the rapidly growing field of EV therapeutics.
Topics: Animals; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Extracellular Vesicles; Inflammation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Tissue Distribution
PubMed: 32697573
DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.0c01363 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2021This study aimed to review the obstetric complications during subsequent pregnancies after uterine artery embolization (UAE) for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) by exploring... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This study aimed to review the obstetric complications during subsequent pregnancies after uterine artery embolization (UAE) for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) by exploring the relationship between prior UAE and obstetric complications through a meta-analysis. We conducted a systematic literature review through March 31, 2021, using PubMed, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in compliance with the PRISMA guidelines and determined the effect of prior UAE for PPH on the rate of placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), PPH, placenta previa, hysterectomy, fetal growth restriction (FGR), and preterm birth (PTB). Twenty-three retrospective studies (2003-2021) met the inclusion criteria. They included 483 pregnancies with prior UAE and 320,703 pregnancies without prior UAE. The cumulative results of all women with prior UAE indicated that the rates of obstetric complications PAS, hysterectomy, and PPH were 16.3% (34/208), 6.5% (28/432), and 24.0% (115/480), respectively. According to the patient background-matched analysis based on the presence of prior PPH, women with prior UAE were associated with higher rates of PAS (odds ratio [OR] 20.82; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.27-132.41) and PPH (OR 5.32, 95% CI 1.40-20.16) but not with higher rates of hysterectomy (OR 8.93, 95% CI 0.43-187.06), placenta previa (OR 2.31, 95% CI 0.35-15.22), FGR (OR 7.22, 95% CI 0.28-188.69), or PTB (OR 3.00, 95% CI 0.74-12.14), compared with those who did not undergo prior UAE. Prior UAE for PPH may be a significant risk factor for PAS and PPH during subsequent pregnancies. Therefore, at the time of delivery, clinicians should be more attentive to PAS and PPH when women have undergone prior UAE. Since the number of women included in the patient background-matched study was limited, further investigations are warranted to confirm the results of this study.
Topics: Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; Hysterectomy; Particle Size; Placenta Accreta; Postpartum Hemorrhage; Pregnancy; Premature Birth; Publication Bias; Risk; Uterine Artery Embolization
PubMed: 34413380
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96273-z -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2018A large body of evidence supports the cardioprotective effects of the long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and... (Review)
Review
A large body of evidence supports the cardioprotective effects of the long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). There is increasing interest in the independent effects of EPA and DHA in the modulation of cardiometabolic risk factors. This systematic review aims to appraise the latest available evidence of the differential effects of EPA and DHA on such risk factors. A systematic literature review was conducted up to May 2017. Randomised controlled trials were included if they met strict eligibility criteria, including EPA or DHA > 2 g/day and purity ≥ 90%. Eighteen identified articles were included, corresponding to six unique studies involving 527 participants. Both EPA and DHA lowered triglyceride concentration, with DHA having a greater triglyceride-lowering effect. Whilst total cholesterol levels were largely unchanged by EPA and DHA, DHA increased high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration, particularly HDL₂, and increased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration and LDL particle size. Both EPA and DHA inhibited platelet activity, whilst DHA improved vascular function and lowered heart rate and blood pressure to a greater extent than EPA. The effects of EPA and DHA on inflammatory markers and glycaemic control were inconclusive; however both lowered oxidative stress. Thus, EPA and DHA appear to have differential effects on cardiometabolic risk factors, but these need to be confirmed by larger clinical studies.
Topics: Antioxidants; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metabolic Syndrome; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 29425187
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19020532 -
Journal of Environmental Health Science... Jun 2022Today air pollution caused by particulate matter (PM) is a global issue, especially in densely populated and high-traffic cities. The formation of reactive oxygen... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
Today air pollution caused by particulate matter (PM) is a global issue, especially in densely populated and high-traffic cities. The formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by various toxicological studies is considered as one of the important effects caused by airborne particles that can lead to adverse effects on human health. In this study, to answer the question of whether particle size affects oxidative potential (OP), we searched the main databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science, and defined search strategy based on the MESH terms for the above-mentioned search engines. All articles published until 2021 were searched. An ANOVA was run using R software to show the correlation between the size distributions of particulate matter and oxidative potential (base on mass and volumetric units) in ambient air. As expected, the regression results showed that the relationship between particle size and OP values for the studies based on mass-logarithm has a significant difference in the different distribution size categories, which was related to the difference between the <2.5 and < 1 categories. However, ANOVA analysis did not show a significant difference in the volumetric OP logarithm in the different distribution size categories. In this study, it was found that sizes higher than 2.5 μm did not have much effect on human health, and it is recommended that future research focus on PM2.5.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s40201-021-00768-w.
PubMed: 35669811
DOI: 10.1007/s40201-021-00768-w -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2018In the field of medicine, nanomaterials, especially those derived using the green method, offer promise as anti-cancer agents and drug carriers. However, the biosafety... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
In the field of medicine, nanomaterials, especially those derived using the green method, offer promise as anti-cancer agents and drug carriers. However, the biosafety of metallic nanoparticles used as anti-cancer agents remains a concern. The goal of this systematic review was to compare the cytotoxicity of different plant-mediated syntheses of metallic nanoparticles based on their potency, therapeutic index, and cancer cell type susceptibility in the hopes of identifying the most promising anti-cancer agents. A literature search of electronic databases including Science Direct, PubMed, Springer Link, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate, was conducted to obtain research articles. Keywords such as biosynthesis, plant synthesis, plant-mediated, metallic nanoparticle, cytotoxicity, and anticancer were used in the literature search. All types of research materials that met the inclusion criteria were included in the study regardless of whether the results were positive, negative, or null. The therapeutic index was used as a safety measure for the studied compound of interest. Data from 76 selected articles were extracted and synthesised. Seventy-two studies reported that the cytotoxicity of plant-mediated synthesis of metallic nanoparticles was time and/or dose-dependent. Biosynthesised silver nanoparticles demonstrated higher cytotoxicity potency compared to gold nanoparticles synthesised by the same plants (, , and ) irrespective of the cancer cell type tested. This review also identified a correlation between the nanoparticle size and morphology with the potency of cytotoxicity. Cytotoxicity was found to be inversely proportional to nanoparticle size. The plant-mediated syntheses of metallic nanoparticles were predominantly spherical or quasi-spherical, with the median lethal dose of 1⁻20 µg/mL. Nanoparticles with other shapes (triangular, hexagonal, and rods) were less potent. Metallic nanoparticles synthesised by , , , , and were acceptably safe as anti-cancer agents, as they had a therapeutic index of >2.0 when tested on both cancer cells and normal human cells. Most plant-mediated syntheses of metallic nanoparticles were found to be cytotoxic, although some were non-cytotoxic. The results from this study suggest a focus on a selected list of potential anti-cancer agents for further investigations of their pharmacodynamic/toxicodynamic and pharmacokinetic/toxicokinetic actions with the goal of reducing the Global Burden of Diseases and the second leading cause of mortality.
Topics: Animals; Gold; Humans; Metal Nanoparticles; Particle Size; Plants
PubMed: 29891772
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061725 -
Clinical Radiology May 2020To explore the relationship of embolic particle size used in prostate artery embolisation (PAE) to patient outcomes. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIM
To explore the relationship of embolic particle size used in prostate artery embolisation (PAE) to patient outcomes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic review of PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane database was undertaken to identify all existing studies using PAE for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Inclusion criteria included prospective studies reporting baseline and 12-month International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and particle size. Exclusion criteria were overlapping studies, commentaries, abstracts, and letters. Data extraction from eligible studies included the size of embolic particle, particle material, and baseline and 12-month values for the following patient outcomes: IPSS, IPSS quality of life, urinary flow rate (Q-max), prostate volume, prostate specific antigen, and post-void residual volume. A meta-regression analysis was then undertaken to examine the relationship of particle size to patient outcome measures.
RESULTS
Six studies with a total of 687 patients were identified. Meta-regression analysis demonstrated particle size as a statistically significant (p<0.001) moderator of 12-month IPSS change following PAE. No statistically significant relationships were identified with other patient outcome measures.
CONCLUSION
Smaller embolic particle size is associated with a greater reduction in IPSS following PAE.
Topics: Acrylic Resins; Embolization, Therapeutic; Gelatin; Humans; Male; Particle Size; Polyvinyl Alcohol; Prostate; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Radiography, Interventional
PubMed: 32000985
DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.12.019 -
Indoor Air Sep 2021Airborne microorganisms in hospitals have been associated with several hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), and various measures of indoor air quality (IAQ) parameters... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Airborne microorganisms in hospitals have been associated with several hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), and various measures of indoor air quality (IAQ) parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide (CO ), particle mass concentration, and particle size have been linked to pathogen survival or mitigation of pathogen spread. To investigate whether there are quantitative relationships between the concentration of airborne microorganisms and the IAQ in the hospital environment. Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed databases were searched for studies reporting airborne microbial levels and any IAQ parameter(s) in hospital environments, from database inception to October 2020. Pooled effect estimates were determined via random-effects models. Seventeen of 654 studies were eligible for the meta-analysis. The concentration of airborne microbial measured as aerobic colony count (ACC) was significantly correlated with temperature (r = 0.25 [95% CI = 0.06-0.42], p = 0.01), CO concentration (r = 0.53 [95% CI = 0.40-0.64], p ˂ 0.001), particle mass concentration (≤5 µg/m ; r = 0.40 [95% CI = 0.04-0.66], p = 0.03), and particle size (≤5 and ˃5 µm), (r = 0.51 [95% CI = 0.12-0.77], p = 0.01 and r = 0.55 [95% CI = 0.20-0.78], p = 0.003), respectively, while not being significantly correlated with relative humidity or particulate matter of size >5 µm. Conversely, airborne total fungi (TF) were not significantly correlated with temperature, relative humidity, or CO level. However, there was a significant weak correlation between ACC and TF (r = 0.31 [95% CI = 0.07-0.52], p = 0.013). Although significant correlations exist between ACC and IAQ parameters, the relationship is not definitive; the IAQ parameters may affect the microorganisms but are not responsible for the presence of airborne microorganisms. Environmental parameters could be related to the generating source, survival, dispersion, and deposition rate of microorganisms. Future studies should record IAQ parameters and factors such as healthcare worker presence and the activities carried out such as cleaning, sanitizing, and disinfection protocols. Foot traffic would influence both the generation of microorganisms and their deposition rate onto surfaces in the hospital environment. These data would inform models to improve the understanding of the likely concentration of airborne microorganisms and provide an alternative approach for real-time monitoring of the healthcare environment.
Topics: Air Microbiology; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution, Indoor; Carbon Dioxide; Environmental Monitoring; Fungi; Hospitals; Humans; Particulate Matter; Temperature
PubMed: 33945176
DOI: 10.1111/ina.12846 -
Journal of the Air & Waste Management... Sep 2022Air pollution and health consequences associated with exposure to air pollutants, such as particulate matter, are of serious concerns in societies. Over the recent... (Review)
Review
Air pollution and health consequences associated with exposure to air pollutants, such as particulate matter, are of serious concerns in societies. Over the recent years, numerous studies have investigated the relation of many diseases with air pollutants. This review used a search strategy to provide the comprehensive information on the relationship between particle matters and osteoporosis. To this end, three search databases were used to find the articles focused on particle matters and osteoporosis. After the screening process, 13 articles related to the purpose of the study were selected and the relevant data were extracted. The results indicated that osteoporosis is significantly associated with PM. However, this association with PM remains unclear. In addition, particle materials indirectly lead to the osteoporosis and bone fractures as a consequence of reduced UV-B, reduced adsorption of vitamin D. Furthermore, they can lead to other diseases by use of drugs with adverse effects on bone health, and creating conditions that may increase the risk of falling in the elderly. This review shows that although more accurate research is needed to determine the mechanism and risk of exposure to particulate matter in the air on bone health, the negative effects of this pollutant on bone mineral density (BMD) are evident.: PM is usually classified by its size or aerodynamic diameter; PM10 denotes particles < 10 µm in diameter; PM2.5 particles are <2.5 µm in diameter. Many epidemiological studies have shown that short-term exposure to PM might reduce lung function. However, short-term effects might be reversible, and the main concern is attributed to long-term exposure. A major public health concern that may be affected by numerous metabolic and even environmental risk factors is osteoporosis. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the role of PM in the occurrence or exacerbation of osteoporosis in citizens.
Topics: Aged; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Osteoporosis; Particulate Matter
PubMed: 35653555
DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2022.2085820 -
International Journal of Hygiene and... Jun 2019Ambient particulate air pollution is a major threat to the cardiovascular health of people. Inflammation is an important component of the pathophysiological process that... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Ambient particulate air pollution is a major threat to the cardiovascular health of people. Inflammation is an important component of the pathophysiological process that links air pollution and cardiovascular disease (CVD). A classical marker of inflammation-C-reactive protein (CRP), has been recognized as an independent predictor of CVD risk. Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) may cause systemic inflammatory response but its association with CRP has been inconsistently reported.
OBJECTIVES
To estimate the potential effects of short-term and long-term exposures to ambient particulate air pollution on circulating CRP level based on previous epidemiological studies.
METHODS
A systematic literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases for publications up to January 2018 was conducted for studies reporting the association between ambient PM (PM or PM, or both) and circulating CRP level. We performed a meta-analysis for the associations reported in individual studies using a random-effect model and evaluated the effect modification by major potential modifiers.
RESULTS
This meta-analysis comprised data from 40 observational studies conducted on 244,681 participants. These included 32 (27 PM studies and 13 PM studies) and 11 (9 PM studies and 5 PM studies) studies that investigated the associations of CRP with short-term and long-term exposure to particulate air pollution, respectively. A 10 μg/m increase in short-term exposure to PM and PM was associated with increases of 0.83 % (95% CI: 0.30%, 1.37%) and 0.39% (95% CI: -0.04%, 0.82%) in CRP level, respectively, and a 10 μg/m increase in long-term exposure to PM and PM was associated with much higher increases of 18.01% (95% CI: 5.96%, 30.06%) and 5.61% (95% CI: 0.79%, 10.44%) in CRP level, respectively. The long-term exposure to particulate air pollution was more strongly associated with CRP level than short-term exposure and PM had a greater effect on CRP level than PM.
CONCLUSION
Exposure to ambient particulate air pollution is associated with elevated circulating CRP level suggesting an activated systemic inflammatory state upon exposure, which may explain the association between particulate air pollution and CVD risk.
Topics: Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 31103472
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.05.005 -
Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive...The risk of ophthalmic and retinal artery occlusions following facial and periorbital steroid injection has not been explored. This systematic review examines the...
PURPOSE
The risk of ophthalmic and retinal artery occlusions following facial and periorbital steroid injection has not been explored. This systematic review examines the prevalence, risk factors, and treatment outcomes of steroid-induced vision losses.
METHODS
A literature search in Evidence Based Medicine Reviews, MEDLINE, Embase, Pubmed, ClinicalTrials, and WHO ICTRP was performed for vision loss following facial and periorbital corticosteroid injections through July 2020.
RESULTS
Of 35 case reports, series, and reviews, 49 patients (56 eyes) with steroid-induced vision loss were analyzed. Injection sites predominantly involved the nose (45%) and periocular regions (10%). The most common type of steroid is triamcinolone (54%). Most cases were unilateral, except 7 cases of bilateral vision losses, 4 of which resulted from unilateral steroid injection. Symptoms were reported during or immediately after injections in 49% of cases. Most occlusions occurred in the ophthalmic (53%) or central retinal artery (33%). Vision most commonly presented as no light perception (37%), and 90% were 20/200 or worse. Final visual outcomes varied from 20/200 or worse (56%), 20/40 or better (30%), to in between (13%).
CONCLUSION
Most vision losses resulted from steroid injections in the nasal and periorbital area. Triamcinolone was the most common offending agent, likely due to large particle size, low solubility, and extensive particle aggregation. Dexamethasone has the opposite pharmacologic properties and has never been reported in association with vascular occlusion related vision loss. Careful steroid selection, injection techniques, and treatment strategies should be considered to prevent and treat artery occlusion.
Topics: Face; Humans; Intravitreal Injections; Retinal Artery Occlusion; Triamcinolone; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 33481540
DOI: 10.1097/IOP.0000000000001910