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Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2023Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction requires lifelong surveillance and management for the perseveration of patients' quality of life and the prevention of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction requires lifelong surveillance and management for the perseveration of patients' quality of life and the prevention of significant morbidity and mortality. Urine biomarkers are an attractive noninvasive method of surveillance for these patients. The aim of this systematic review is to search for and critically appraise studies that investigate the clinical usefulness of urine biomarkers in the management of neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) in adults.
METHODS
This review was conducted according to PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. Search strategy included PubMed, CENTRAL, and Scopus (until October 2022). Studies investigating potential urine biomarkers for the management of adults with NLUTD were included.
RESULTS
Fifteen studies fulfilled the criteria. To date, a variety of different urine molecules have been investigated for the diagnosis and management of neurogenic overactive bladder and detrusor overactivity (nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin F2α, transformation growth factor β-1, tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2, matrix metalloproteinase-2, substance P, microRNA), diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux (exosomal vitronectin), urinary tract infection (neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, interleukin 6) and bladder cancer screening (cytology, BTA stat, survivin) in neurological patients.
CONCLUSION
Further studies are needed to specify the utility of each molecule in the management algorithm of adult NLUTD.
PubMed: 36766573
DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030468 -
Nature Human Behaviour Nov 2018Success in school and the labour market relies on more than high intelligence. Associations between "non-cognitive" skills in childhood, such as attention,...
Success in school and the labour market relies on more than high intelligence. Associations between "non-cognitive" skills in childhood, such as attention, self-regulation, and perseverance, and later outcomes have been widely investigated. In a systematic review of this literature, we screened 9553 publications, reviewed 554 eligible publications, and interpreted results from 222 better quality publications. Better quality publications comprised randomised experimental and quasi-experimental studies (EQIs), and observational studies that made reasonable attempts to control confounding. For academic achievement outcomes there were 26 EQI publications but only 14 were available for meta-analysis with effects ranging from 0.16 to 0.37SD. However, within sub-domains effects were heterogeneous. The 95% prediction interval for literacy was consistent with negative, null and positive effects (-0.13 to 0.79). Similarly heterogeneous findings were observed for psychosocial, cognitive and language, and health outcomes. Funnel plots of EQIs and observational studies showed asymmetric distributions and potential for small study bias. There is some evidence that non-cognitive skills associate with improved outcomes. However, there is potential for small study and publication bias that may over-estimate true effects, and heterogeneity of effect estimates spanned negative, null and positive effects. The quality of evidence from EQIs under-pinning this field is lower than optimal and more than a third of observational studies made little or no attempt to control confounding. Interventions designed to develop children's non-cognitive skills could potentially improve outcomes. The inter-disciplinary researchers interested in these skills should take a more strategic and rigorous approach to determine which interventions are most effective.
PubMed: 30525112
DOI: 10.1038/s41562-018-0461-x -
Expert Review of Anti-infective Therapy Jul 2022Brucellosis is considered as one of the main zoonotic infections and a major public health concern worldwide. The aim of the present study was to evaluate various...
INTRODUCTION
Brucellosis is considered as one of the main zoonotic infections and a major public health concern worldwide. The aim of the present study was to evaluate various strategies for controlling brucellosis with an especial emphasis on efficacy of vaccination.
AREAS COVERED
International databanks (Web of Science, PubMed, Embase) were searched for potentially relevant studies published from 1 January 2011 to 25 March 2021 using the following keywords: ',' ',' ',' ',' ',' 'brucellosis,' 'Bang disease,' 'undulant fever,' 'Malta fever,' 'vaccination,' 'vaccine,' and 'immunization.' The literature search was restricted to original articles published in English.
EXPERT OPINION
Various methods are employed to prevent and control brucellosis, such as removing sick animals by slaughtering, separating sick animals from the herd, and vaccination. Preventing, controlling, and eradicating brucellosis requires a lot of financial support, perseverance, and time. In order to conduct a detailed study, it is recommended that more studies be conducted in developing countries and different parts of the world.
Topics: Animals; Brucella abortus; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Humans; Vaccination; Zoonoses
PubMed: 35416090
DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2066521 -
BMC Geriatrics Mar 2019As older patients' health care needs become more complex, they often experience challenges with managing medications across transitions of care. Families play a major...
BACKGROUND
As older patients' health care needs become more complex, they often experience challenges with managing medications across transitions of care. Families play a major role in older patients' lives. To date, there has been no review of the role of families in older people's medication management at transitions of care. This systematic review aimed to examine family involvement in managing older patients' medications across transitions of care.
METHODS
Five databases were searched for quantitative, qualitative and mixed methods empirical studies involving families of patients aged 65 years and older: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature Complete, Medline, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PsycINFO, and EMBASE. All authors participated independently in conducting data selection, extraction and quality assessment using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool. A descriptive synthesis and thematic analysis were undertaken of included papers.
RESULTS
Twenty-three papers were included, comprising 17 qualitative studies, 5 quantitative studies and one mixed methods study. Families participated in information giving and receiving, decision making, managing medication complexity, and supportive interventions in regard to managing medications for older patients across transitions of care. However, health professionals tended not to acknowledge the medication activities performed by families. While families actively engaged with older patients in strategies to ensure safe medication management, communication about medication plans of care across transitions tended to be haphazard and disorganised, and there was a lack of shared decision making between families and health professionals. In managing medication complexity across transitions of care, family members perceived a lack of tailoring of medication plans for patients' needs, and believed they had to display perseverance to have their views heard by health professionals.
CONCLUSIONS
Greater efforts are needed by health professionals in strengthening involvement of families in medication management at transitions of care, through designated family meetings, clinical bedside handovers, ward rounds, and admission and discharge consultations. Future work is needed on evaluating targeted strategies relating to family members' contribution to managing medications at transitions of care, with outcomes directed on family understanding of medication changes and their input in preventing and identifying medication-related problems.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Decision Making; Family; Health Personnel; Hospitalization; Humans; Medication Reconciliation; Patient Discharge; Patient Transfer; Professional-Family Relations; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 30925899
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1102-6 -
European Eating Disorders Review : the... Jul 2020The aim of the current research was to identify the extent to which reward sensitivity and impulsivity were related to food addiction.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the current research was to identify the extent to which reward sensitivity and impulsivity were related to food addiction.
METHOD
Forty-five studies, published from 2009 to June 2019, investigating reward sensitivity and/or impulsivity with food addiction as measured by the Yale Food Addiction Scale were reviewed.
RESULTS
Reward sensitivity, as measured by the Sensitivity to Reward (SR) scale, was positively associated with food addiction in two studies, but failed to yield consistent results in other studies when measured with the Behavioral Inhibition/Behavioral Activation Scales. Self-report impulsivity, as measured by the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), was consistently associated with food addiction, with attentional impulsivity and motor impulsivity the most consistent subscales. Similarly, food addiction was also consistently associated with Negative Urgency, Positive Urgency, and Lack of Perseverance as measured by the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale. Food addiction was inconsistently associated with disinhibition, as measured by behavioral tasks, indicating food addiction appears more aligned with self-report measures of impulsivity.
CONCLUSIONS
Research in this field is dominated by university student, overweight and obese samples. Additional research is required to further tease out these relationships.
Topics: Food Addiction; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Reward
PubMed: 32142199
DOI: 10.1002/erv.2732 -
Journal of Neuroengineering and... Feb 2021Technology is being increasingly investigated as an option to allow stroke survivors to exploit their full potential for recovery by facilitating home-based upper limb...
BACKGROUND
Technology is being increasingly investigated as an option to allow stroke survivors to exploit their full potential for recovery by facilitating home-based upper limb practice. This review seeks to explore the factors that influence perseverance with technology-facilitated home-based upper limb practice after stroke.
METHODS
A systematic mixed studies review with sequential exploratory synthesis was undertaken. Studies investigating adult stroke survivors with upper limb disability undertaking technology-facilitated home-based upper limb practice administered ≥ 3 times/week over a period of ≥ 4 weeks were included. Qualitative outcomes were stroke survivors' and family members' perceptions of their experience utilising technology to facilitate home-based upper limb practice. Quantitative outcomes were adherence and dropouts, as surrogate measures of perseverance. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to assess quality of included studies.
RESULTS
Forty-two studies were included. Six studies were qualitative and of high quality; 28 studies were quantitative and eight were mixed methods studies, all moderate to low quality. A conceptual framework of perseverance with three stages was formed: (1) getting in the game; (2) sticking with it, and; (3) continuing or moving on. Conditions perceived to influence perseverance, and factors mediating these conditions were identified at each stage. Adherence with prescribed dose ranged from 13 to 140%. Participants were found to be less likely to adhere when prescribed sessions were more frequent (6-7 days/week) or of longer duration (≥ 12 weeks).
CONCLUSION
From the mixed methods findings, we propose a framework for perseverance with technology-facilitated home-based upper limb practice. The framework offers opportunities for clinicians and researchers to design strategies targeting factors that influence perseverance with practice, in both the clinical prescription of practice and technology design. To confirm the clinical utility of this framework, further research is required to explore perseverance and the factors influencing perseverance. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42017072799- https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=72799.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Patient Compliance; Stroke; Stroke Rehabilitation; Survivors; Technology; Upper Extremity
PubMed: 33627126
DOI: 10.1186/s12984-021-00819-1 -
Journal of Clinical and Experimental... Apr 2024Semantic verbal fluency (SVF) is a widely used measure of frontal executive function and access to semantic memory. SVF scoring metrics include the number of unique... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Semantic verbal fluency (SVF) is a widely used measure of frontal executive function and access to semantic memory. SVF scoring metrics include the number of unique words generated, perseverations, intrusions, semantic cluster size and switching between clusters, and scores vary depending on the language the test is administered in. In this paper, we review the existing normative data for Turkish, the main metrics used for scoring SVF data in Turkish, and the most frequently used categories.
METHOD
We conducted a systematic review of peer-reviewed papers using Medline, EMBASE, PsycInfo, Web of Science, and two Turkish databases, TR-Dizin and Yok-Tez. Included papers contained data on the SVF performance of healthy adult native speakers of Turkish, and reported the categories used. Versions of the SVF that required participants to alternate categories were excluded. We extracted and tabulated demographics, descriptions of groups, metrics used, categories used, and sources of normative data. Studies were assessed for level of detail in reporting findings.
RESULTS
1400 studies were retrieved. After deduplication, abstract, full text screening, and merging of theses with their published versions, 121 studies were included. 114 studies used the semantic category "animal", followed by first names ( = 14, 12%). All studies reported word count. More complex measures were rare (perseverations: = 12, 10%, clustering and switching: = 5, 4%). Four of seven normative studies reported only word count, two also measured perseverations, and one reported category violations and perseverations. Two normative studies were published in English.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a lack of normative Turkish SVF data with more complex metrics, such as clustering and switching, and a lack of normative data published in English. Given the size of the Turkish diaspora, normative SVF data should include monolingual and bilingual speakers. Limitations include a restriction to key English and Turkish databases.
Topics: Humans; Semantics; Turkey; Neuropsychological Tests; Verbal Behavior; Reference Values; Adult; Female; Male; Executive Function
PubMed: 38904178
DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2024.2331827 -
Journal of Dual Diagnosis 2021Substance abuse comorbidity is highly prevalent and is linked to detrimental outcomes in individuals with psychotic disorder, but the role of personality traits as the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Substance abuse comorbidity is highly prevalent and is linked to detrimental outcomes in individuals with psychotic disorder, but the role of personality traits as the underlying mechanism is being increasingly underscored. This study aimed to profile temperamental risks of comorbid substance use disorder in psychotic disorders by performing meta-analyses on personality trait differences between psychotic disorders with comorbidity (dual diagnosis; DD) and without it (psychotic disorders; PSD). A systematic review of English articles using PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ProQuest Dissertation and Theses. Only original empirical studies including participants with diagnosis of psychotic disorders based on structured diagnostic interviews, with and without substance use disorder evaluated with reliable and valid tests were included. Articles were independently extracted by two authors using predefined data fields, including study quality indicators. All pooled analyses were based on random-effect models. Thirteen studies ( = 885) met our inclusion criteria. All effect-size estimates were calculated based on means and standard deviations of included measures. Separate effect size estimates were obtained for four traits in the UPPS model (negative urgency, low premeditation, low perseverance, sensation seeking), four traits in the HS model (unconscientious disinhibition, negative affect, disagreeable disinhibition, positive affect) and trait anhedonia. Negative urgency (four studies with 262 participants; ES = 0.59; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.34, 0.84]), low premeditation (five studies with 349 participants; ES = 0.60; 95% CI [0.39, 0.80]), sensation seeking (seven studies with 550 participants; ES = 0.63; 95% CI [0.17, 1.09]) and unconscientious disinhibition (five studies with 291 participants; ES = 0.36; 95% CI [0.13, 0.59]) were elevated in DD than PSD. Heterogeneity of sensation seeking was significant ( = 86.2%). The findings of the current meta-analysis highlight a unique profile of impulsive and externalizing trait personality domains pertaining to DD. The study emphasizes the importance of emotion regulation interventions targeting impulsivity or negative affect (i.e. negative urgency, low premeditation) in substance abuse comorbidity patients.
Topics: Diagnosis, Dual (Psychiatry); Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Personality; Psychotic Disorders; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 33404373
DOI: 10.1080/15504263.2020.1839827 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2018Gifted students who also have learning disabilities (G/LD) are often overlooked when students are assessed either for giftedness or specific learning disabilities. The...
Gifted students who also have learning disabilities (G/LD) are often overlooked when students are assessed either for giftedness or specific learning disabilities. The cognitive and non-cognitive characteristics of these G/LD students are habitually discussed only briefly alongside identification and intervention issues and, beyond that, the relevance of non-cognitive characteristics is often left unconsidered. Accordingly, this study aims to conduct an in-depth review of the non-cognitive characteristics of these students for identification and intervention purposes. Detailed analysis was performed on 23 publications. High levels of negative emotions, low self-perception, and adverse interpersonal relationships, as well as high levels of motivation, coping skills and perseverance were found among these students. A common characteristic was a high degree of frustration with the academic situation. The study reveals that these students show considerably duality in their non-cognitive characteristics which requires tailored counseling skills to provide effective support for their learning needs.
PubMed: 29731728
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00504 -
Journal of Neuropsychology Mar 2018Prism adaptation (PA) is a widely used intervention for (visuo-)spatial neglect. PA-induced improvements can be assessed by visual search tasks. It remains unclear which...
Prism adaptation (PA) is a widely used intervention for (visuo-)spatial neglect. PA-induced improvements can be assessed by visual search tasks. It remains unclear which outcome measures are the most sensitive for the effects of PA in neglect. In this review, we aimed to evaluate PA effects on visual search measures. A systematic literature search was completed regarding PA intervention studies focusing on patients with neglect using visual search tasks. Information about study content and effectiveness was extracted. Out of 403 identified studies, 30 met the inclusion criteria. The quality of the studies was evaluated: Rankings were moderate-to-high for 7, and low for 23 studies. As feature search was only performed by five studies, low-to-moderate ranking, we were limited in drawing firm conclusions about the PA effect on feature search. All moderate-to-high-ranking studies investigated cancellation by measuring only omissions or hits. These studies found an overall improvement after PA. Measuring perseverations and total task duration provides more specific information about visual search. The two (low ranking) studies that measured this found an improvement after PA on perseverations and duration (while accuracy improved for one study and remained the same for the other). This review suggests there is an overall effect of PA on visual search, although complex visual search tasks and specific visual search measures are lacking. Suggestions for search measures that give insight in subcomponents of visual search are provided for future studies, such as perseverations, search path intersections, search consistency and using a speed-accuracy trade-off.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Humans; Perceptual Disorders; Visual Perception
PubMed: 26866327
DOI: 10.1111/jnp.12100