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Journal of Nursing Management May 2022This study aims to identify the most effective interventions to facilitate nurses' clinical leadership in the hospital setting. (Review)
Review
AIM
This study aims to identify the most effective interventions to facilitate nurses' clinical leadership in the hospital setting.
BACKGROUND
There is a gap in the literature on the identification and measurement of effective interventions for leadership skill development among clinical nurses in hospitals. To the best of our knowledge, no systematic review has been performed on this issue.
EVALUATION
A systematic review was conducted. The PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane databases were reviewed. Data extraction, quality appraisal and narrative synthesis were conducted in line with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.
KEY ISSUES
The evidence reveals that interventions designed to promote nurses' clinical leadership are complex, requiring that cognitive, interpersonal and intrinsic competencies as well as psychological empowerment, emotional intelligence and critical reflexivity skills be addressed.
CONCLUSIONS
The development of multicomponent, theory-based and mixed-format programmes may be more suitable to facilitate nurses' clinical leadership in the hospital setting.
IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT
Strategies to facilitate nurses' clinical leadership in the hospital setting should address simultaneously the knowledge and ability of bedsides nurses to solve the practical problem collaboratively with a sense of control, competency and autonomy. Hence, it would promote high quality care, satisfaction and retention of bedside nurses.
Topics: Emotional Intelligence; Hospitals; Humans; Leadership; Nurses; Quality of Health Care
PubMed: 35229386
DOI: 10.1111/jonm.13570 -
BMC Medical Ethics Mar 2017Implicit biases involve associations outside conscious awareness that lead to a negative evaluation of a person on the basis of irrelevant characteristics such as race... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Implicit biases involve associations outside conscious awareness that lead to a negative evaluation of a person on the basis of irrelevant characteristics such as race or gender. This review examines the evidence that healthcare professionals display implicit biases towards patients.
METHODS
PubMed, PsychINFO, PsychARTICLE and CINAHL were searched for peer-reviewed articles published between 1st March 2003 and 31st March 2013. Two reviewers assessed the eligibility of the identified papers based on precise content and quality criteria. The references of eligible papers were examined to identify further eligible studies.
RESULTS
Forty two articles were identified as eligible. Seventeen used an implicit measure (Implicit Association Test in fifteen and subliminal priming in two), to test the biases of healthcare professionals. Twenty five articles employed a between-subjects design, using vignettes to examine the influence of patient characteristics on healthcare professionals' attitudes, diagnoses, and treatment decisions. The second method was included although it does not isolate implicit attitudes because it is recognised by psychologists who specialise in implicit cognition as a way of detecting the possible presence of implicit bias. Twenty seven studies examined racial/ethnic biases; ten other biases were investigated, including gender, age and weight. Thirty five articles found evidence of implicit bias in healthcare professionals; all the studies that investigated correlations found a significant positive relationship between level of implicit bias and lower quality of care.
DISCUSSION
The evidence indicates that healthcare professionals exhibit the same levels of implicit bias as the wider population. The interactions between multiple patient characteristics and between healthcare professional and patient characteristics reveal the complexity of the phenomenon of implicit bias and its influence on clinician-patient interaction. The most convincing studies from our review are those that combine the IAT and a method measuring the quality of treatment in the actual world. Correlational evidence indicates that biases are likely to influence diagnosis and treatment decisions and levels of care in some circumstances and need to be further investigated. Our review also indicates that there may sometimes be a gap between the norm of impartiality and the extent to which it is embraced by healthcare professionals for some of the tested characteristics.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings highlight the need for the healthcare profession to address the role of implicit biases in disparities in healthcare. More research in actual care settings and a greater homogeneity in methods employed to test implicit biases in healthcare is needed.
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Health Personnel; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; Prejudice; Professional-Patient Relations; Unconscious, Psychology
PubMed: 28249596
DOI: 10.1186/s12910-017-0179-8 -
British Journal of Nursing (Mark Allen... Mar 2021Recruitment and retention of nursing staff is the biggest workforce challenge faced by healthcare institutions. Across the UK, there are currently around 50 000 nursing...
BACKGROUND
Recruitment and retention of nursing staff is the biggest workforce challenge faced by healthcare institutions. Across the UK, there are currently around 50 000 nursing vacancies, and the number of people leaving the Nursing and Midwifery Council register is increasing.
OBJECTIVE
This review comprehensively compiled an update on factors affecting retention among hospital nursing staff.
METHODS
Five online databases; EMBASE, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL and NICE Evidence were searched for relevant primary studies published until 31 December 2018 on retention among nurses in hospitals.
RESULTS
Forty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Nine domains influencing staff turnover were found: nursing leadership and management, education and career advancement, organisational (work) environment, staffing levels, professional issues, support at work, personal influences, demographic influences, and financial remuneration.
CONCLUSION
Identified turnover factors are long-standing. To mitigate the impact of these factors, evaluation of current workforce strategies should be high priority.
Topics: Female; Hospitals; Humans; Leadership; Nursing Staff, Hospital; Personnel Turnover; Workforce
PubMed: 33733849
DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2021.30.5.302 -
International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022Adolescence represents a vulnerable phase of life for psychological health. The practice of physical activity (PA) appears to have a positive influence on adolescents,... (Review)
Review
Adolescence represents a vulnerable phase of life for psychological health. The practice of physical activity (PA) appears to have a positive influence on adolescents, increasing self-esteem and producing a more positive body image. A systematic review of published articles over the past 10 years until June 2022 was conducted according to the PRISMA statement employing the electronic databases MEDLINE and Web of Science (639 records) to summarize the literature on the relationship between body image dissatisfaction (BID) and assessed by figural scales and practice of structured and unstructured PA in adolescents (10-18 years), taking into account BMI and/or weight status. All articles were independently reviewed using inclusion/exclusion criteria, retrieved data, and assessed quality with the adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for observational studies. The main finding of interest that emerged from most of the 28 included studies is the negative association between BID and PA during adolescence: as PA increases, BID decreases. However, this updated systematic review also identified some flaws in the existing literature, highlighting the need for high-quality adolescent research using validated figural scales and objective PA assessments. In conclusion, the reviewed studies showed that PA involvement can be efficacious in protecting from body image perception concerns and enhancing body satisfaction. Future interventions should promote structured and unstructured PA during adolescence to improve self-esteem and body image.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Body Image; Exercise; Self Concept; Personal Satisfaction; Mental Health
PubMed: 36293770
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013190 -
Journal of Clinical Psychology Apr 2021The Enneagram is a typology that many clients use to understand their personality and interpersonal patterns, despite some concerns about its validity. Thus, the purpose... (Review)
Review
The Enneagram is a typology that many clients use to understand their personality and interpersonal patterns, despite some concerns about its validity. Thus, the purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive and clinician-friendly review of the extant empirical work on the Enneagram. After reviewing 104 independent samples, we found mixed evidence of reliability and validity. In terms of strengths, some factor analytic work has shown partial alignment with prior theorizing, and subscales show theory-consistent relationships with other constructs such as the Big 5. Also, several studies found the Enneagram was helpful for personal/spiritual growth. However, factor analytic work has typically found fewer than nine factors, and no work has used clustering techniques to derive the nine types. Also, there is little research supporting secondary aspects of Enneagram theory, such as wings and intertype movement. We conclude by highlighting directions for future research and implications for clinical practice.
Topics: Humans; Personality; Personality Disorders; Reproducibility of Results; Spirituality
PubMed: 33332604
DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23097 -
International Journal of Public Health 2022Adolescence is considered a vital time to address healthy attitudes and values towards an effective transition to adulthood. The aim of this review was to analyse... (Review)
Review
Adolescence is considered a vital time to address healthy attitudes and values towards an effective transition to adulthood. The aim of this review was to analyse self-concept, self-perception, physical exercise, and lifestyle in the late adolescent population. Systematic review of studies assessing the results by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the General Health Questionnaire, the Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents, and the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children questionnaires in late adolescents. The PRISMA recommendations were followed. The CASPe quality-check system was applied, excluding articles with a score <8. 1589 studies were found, and 69 articles were selected. Adolescents with high self-concept and self-perception tend to be emotionally stable, sociable, and responsible. No significant differences were found regarding self-concept and self-perception between different countries, but there were differences between men and women. Physical activity and healthy diet improve self-concept and perception of body image. Self-concept and self-perception are associated with responsibility, stability, and mental strength. Most healthy behaviours during adolescence are followed during adulthood. Socio-cultural level of Health Science students is a differential factor for overweight and obesity.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Image; Child; Exercise; Female; Humans; Life Style; Male; Overweight; Self Concept; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36250150
DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604954 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Nov 2021Digital interventions have tremendous potential to improve well-being and health care conveyance by improving adequacy, proficiency, availability, and personalization.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Digital interventions have tremendous potential to improve well-being and health care conveyance by improving adequacy, proficiency, availability, and personalization. They have gained acknowledgment in interventions for the management of a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, we are reviewing existing conceptual frameworks, digital intervention approaches, and associated methods to identify the impact of digital intervention on adopting a healthier lifestyle.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to evaluate the impact of digital interventions on weight management in maintaining a healthy lifestyle (eg, regular physical activity, healthy habits, and proper dietary patterns).
METHODS
We conducted a systematic literature review to search the scientific databases (Nature, SpringerLink, Elsevier, IEEE Xplore, and PubMed) that included digital interventions on healthy lifestyle, focusing on preventing obesity and being overweight as a prime objective. Peer-reviewed articles published between 2015 and 2020 were included. We used the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines and a framework for an evidence-based systematic review. Furthermore, we improved the review process by adopting the Rayyan tool and the Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles.
RESULTS
Our initial searches identified 780 potential studies through electronic and manual searches; however, 107 articles in the final stage were cited following the specified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The identified methods for a successful digital intervention to promote a healthy lifestyle are self-monitoring, self-motivation, goal setting, personalized feedback, participant engagement, psychological empowerment, persuasion, digital literacy, efficacy, and credibility. In this study, we identified existing conceptual frameworks for digital interventions, different approaches to provide digital interventions, associated methods, and execution challenges and their impact on the promotion of healthy lifestyle management.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic literature review selected intervention principles (rules), theories, design features, ways to determine efficient interventions, and weaknesses in healthy lifestyle management from established digital intervention approaches. The results help us understand how digital interventions influence lifestyle management and overcome the existing shortcomings. It serves as a basis for further research with a focus on designing, developing, testing, and evaluating the generation of personalized lifestyle recommendations as a part of digital health interventions.
Topics: Healthy Lifestyle; Humans; Life Style; Motivation; Obesity; Overweight
PubMed: 34787575
DOI: 10.2196/26931 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Apr 2018Expertise has been extensively studied in several sports over recent years. The specificities of how excellence is achieved in Association Football, a sport practiced... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Expertise has been extensively studied in several sports over recent years. The specificities of how excellence is achieved in Association Football, a sport practiced worldwide, are being repeatedly investigated by many researchers through a variety of approaches and scientific disciplines.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this review was to identify and synthesise the most significant literature addressing talent identification and development in football. We identified the most frequently researched topics and characterised their methodologies.
METHODS
A systematic review of Web of Science™ Core Collection and Scopus databases was performed according to PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) guidelines. The following keywords were used: "football" and "soccer". Each word was associated with the terms "talent", "expert*", "elite", "elite athlete", "identification", "career transition" or "career progression". The selection was for the original articles in English containing relevant data about talent development/identification on male footballers.
RESULTS
The search returned 2944 records. After screening against set criteria, a total of 70 manuscripts were fully reviewed. The quality of the evidence reviewed was generally excellent. The most common topics of analysis were (1) task constraints: (a) specificity and volume of practice; (2) performers' constraints: (a) psychological factors; (b) technical and tactical skills; (c) anthropometric and physiological factors; (3) environmental constraints: (a) relative age effect; (b) socio-cultural influences; and (4) multidimensional analysis. Results indicate that the most successful players present technical, tactical, anthropometric, physiological and psychological advantages that change non-linearly with age, maturational status and playing positions. These findings should be carefully considered by those involved in the identification and development of football players.
CONCLUSION
This review highlights the need for coaches and scouts to consider the players' technical and tactical skills combined with their anthropometric and physiological characteristics scaled to age. Moreover, research addressing the psychological and environmental aspects that influence talent identification and development in football is currently lacking. The limitations detected in the reviewed studies suggest that future research should include the best performers and adopt a longitudinal and multidimensional perspective.
Topics: Aptitude; Athletes; Athletic Performance; Football; Humans; Male; Personality; Soccer
PubMed: 29299878
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0851-7 -
Health Psychology Review Sep 2016Behaviour change interventions are effective in supporting individuals in achieving temporary behaviour change. Behaviour change maintenance, however, is rarely... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Behaviour change interventions are effective in supporting individuals in achieving temporary behaviour change. Behaviour change maintenance, however, is rarely attained. The aim of this review was to identify and synthesise current theoretical explanations for behaviour change maintenance to inform future research and practice.
METHODS
Potentially relevant theories were identified through systematic searches of electronic databases (Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO). In addition, an existing database of 80 theories was searched, and 25 theory experts were consulted. Theories were included if they formulated hypotheses about behaviour change maintenance. Included theories were synthesised thematically to ascertain overarching explanations for behaviour change maintenance. Initial theoretical themes were cross-validated.
FINDINGS
One hundred and seventeen behaviour theories were identified, of which 100 met the inclusion criteria. Five overarching, interconnected themes representing theoretical explanations for behaviour change maintenance emerged. Theoretical explanations of behaviour change maintenance focus on the differential nature and role of motives, self-regulation, resources (psychological and physical), habits, and environmental and social influences from initiation to maintenance.
DISCUSSION
There are distinct patterns of theoretical explanations for behaviour change and for behaviour change maintenance. The findings from this review can guide the development and evaluation of interventions promoting maintenance of health behaviours and help in the development of an integrated theory of behaviour change maintenance.
Topics: Behavior Therapy; Habits; Health Behavior; Humans; Individuality; Learning; Models, Psychological; Motivation; Personal Satisfaction; Self-Control; Social Support
PubMed: 26854092
DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2016.1151372 -
Child and Adolescent Mental Health Feb 2021Increasingly, early adolescents who are transgender or gender diverse (TGD) are seeking gender-affirming healthcare services. Pediatric healthcare providers supported by... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Increasingly, early adolescents who are transgender or gender diverse (TGD) are seeking gender-affirming healthcare services. Pediatric healthcare providers supported by professional guidelines are treating many of these children with gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa), which reversibly block pubertal development, giving the child and their family more time in which to explore the possibility of medical transition.
METHODS
We conducted a critical review of the literature to answer a series of questions about criteria for using puberty-blocking medications, the specific drugs used, the risks and adverse consequences and/or the positive outcomes associated with their use. We searched four databases: LGBT Life, PsycINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science. From an initial sample of 211 articles, we systematically reviewed 9 research studies that met inclusion/exclusion criteria.
RESULTS
Studies reviewed had samples ranging from 1 to 192 (N = 543). The majority (71%) of participants in these studies required a diagnosis of gender dysphoria to qualify for puberty suppression and were administered medication during Tanner stages 2 through 4. Positive outcomes were decreased suicidality in adulthood, improved affect and psychological functioning, and improved social life. Adverse factors associated with use were changes in body composition, slow growth, decreased height velocity, decreased bone turnover, cost of drugs, and lack of insurance coverage. One study met all quality criteria and was judged 'excellent', five studies met the majority of quality criteria resulting in 'good' ratings, whereas three studies were judged fair and had serious risks of bias.
CONCLUSION
Given the potentially life-saving benefits of these medications for TGD youth, it is critical that rigorous longitudinal and mixed methods research be conducted that includes stakeholders and members of the gender diverse community with representative samples.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Gender Dysphoria; Gender Identity; Humans; Puberty; Transgender Persons; Transsexualism
PubMed: 33320999
DOI: 10.1111/camh.12437