-
Journal of Epidemiology and Community... Oct 2018It is commonly believed that nature has positive impacts on children's health, including physical, mental and social dimensions. This review focuses on how accessibility...
BACKGROUND
It is commonly believed that nature has positive impacts on children's health, including physical, mental and social dimensions. This review focuses on how accessibility to, exposure to and engagement with nature affects the mental health of children and teenagers.
METHODS
Ten academic databases were used to systematically search and identify primary research papers in English or French from 1990 to 1 March 2017. Papers were included for review based on their incorporation of nature, children and teenagers (0-18 years), quantitative results and focus on mental health.
RESULTS
Of the 35 papers included in the review, the majority focused on emotional well-being and attention deficit disorder/hyperactivity disorder. Other outcome measures included overall mental health, self-esteem, stress, resilience, depression and health-related quality of life. About half of all reported findings revealed statistically significant positive relationships between nature and mental health outcomes and almost half reported no statistical significance.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings support the contention that nature positively influences mental health; however, in most cases, additional research with more rigorous study designs and objective measures of both nature and mental health outcomes are needed to confirm statistically significant relationships. Existing evidence is limited by the cross-sectional nature of most papers.
Topics: Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Health; Nature; Personal Satisfaction; Self Concept; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 29950520
DOI: 10.1136/jech-2018-210436 -
Inquiry : a Journal of Medical Care... 2023Nursing leadership is critical in facilitating and improving nurse performance, which is essential for providing quality care and ensuring patient safety. The aim of...
Nursing leadership is critical in facilitating and improving nurse performance, which is essential for providing quality care and ensuring patient safety. The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between nursing leadership and nurse performance by understanding the leadership behaviors and factors that motivate nurses to perform well. To study the factors that nurses believe motivate them to perform better, a systematic review was undertaken, correlating these factors to leadership behaviors/styles. The PRISMA guidelines were followed to identify relevant articles. After applying the selection criteria, 11 articles were included in the final analysis. Overall, 51 elements that influence nurses' motivation to perform better were found and categorized into 6 categories, including autonomy, competencies, relatedness, individual nursing characteristics, relationships and support, and leadership styles/practices. It has been discovered that both direct and indirect nursing leadership behaviors affect nurses' performance. A better understanding of the factors that motivate nurses to perform well and facilitating them in the work environment through leadership behaviors/styles can improve nurses' performance. There is a need to increase research on nurse leadership and nurses' performance in the current innovative and technologically integrated work environment to identify new factors of influence.
Topics: Humans; Nursing Staff; Leadership; Motivation; Quality of Health Care; Job Satisfaction
PubMed: 37269099
DOI: 10.1177/00469580231178528 -
Journal of Sleep Research Dec 2023The inherent nature of personality serves as a predisposing, and possible maintaining, factor of insomnia. However, methodological differences limit the ability to draw... (Review)
Review
The inherent nature of personality serves as a predisposing, and possible maintaining, factor of insomnia. However, methodological differences limit the ability to draw causal conclusions regarding the specific traits involved in the aetiology of the disorder. This systematic review of the relationship between insomnia and personality provides a narrative synthesis of the literature to date. Here, we identified N = 76 studies meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria. The outcomes reliably evidenced the experience of insomnia to be associated with personality traits that are typically considered to be negative or maladaptive in nature. More specifically, insomnia was related to neuroticism, introversion, perfectionistic doubts and concerns, elevated personal standards, negative affect, social inhibition and avoidance, hysteria, hypochondriasis, psychasthenia, impulsive behaviour, anger, hostility, and psychopathic tendencies, schizotypal and borderline traits, reduced conscientiousness and self-directedness, and negatively perceived perception of the self. Several studies examined the role that personality plays in predicting the treatment efficacy and adherence of CBTi. Moving forward, longitudinal research, methodological consistency, the mediating role of treatment outcomes and adherence, and clinical and population representative samples should be prioritised. Methodological strengths and limitations of the literature are discussed alongside the next steps that should be taken to advance our understanding of the literature.
Topics: Humans; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Personality; Neuroticism
PubMed: 37654128
DOI: 10.1111/jsr.14031 -
Chronobiology International Apr 2023Referring to the hours during a day when a person's physical and cognitive functions are active, the chronotype indicates the differences in individual preferences in... (Review)
Review
Referring to the hours during a day when a person's physical and cognitive functions are active, the chronotype indicates the differences in individual preferences in sleep timing and other behaviors. The fact that the evening chronotype has been associated with adverse health outcomes has raised the issue of relationship between chronotype and obesity. This study aims to synthesize the evidence regarding the relationship between chronotype and obesity. As part of the study, the PubMed, OVID-LWW, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE Complete, Cochrane Library and ULAKBIM databases were screened for the articles published between January 01, 2010 and December 31, 2020. The quality of each study was assessed independently by the two researchers using the "Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies." Upon evaluating the screening results, a total of seven studies, one of high quality and six of medium quality, were included in the systematic review. The rate of the minor allele (C) genes, which have been associated with obesity, and SIRT1-CLOCK genes, which have an additional effect in favor of resistance against weight loss, is higher in individuals of evening chronotype, and such individuals have been observed to have significantly higher resistance to weight loss. The evening chronotype individuals have been associated with a higher homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) value, higher plasma ghrelin levels, and a tendency toward a higher body mass index (BMI). The evening chronotypes have been reported to adhere less to a healthy diet and have more unhealthy behaviors and eating patterns. A diet adjusted to the chronotype has been seen to be more effective than conventional hypocaloric diet therapy in terms of anthropometric parameters. Most people who eat their main meals late are of evening chronotype, and such people have been determined to lose significantly less weight than those who eat early. It has been shown that bariatric surgery is less effective in weight loss in evening chronotype patients than in morning chronotype patients. The evening chronotypes are less successful in adapting to weight loss treatments and long-term weight control than the morning chronotypes.
Topics: Humans; Obesity; Chronotype; Diet, Reducing; Circadian Rhythm; Sleep; Weight Loss; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36803075
DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2180385 -
Health Services Management Research May 2021Developing and strengthening the competencies and skills of health care managers is a key objective in many health systems. Selecting adequate training methods, content,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Developing and strengthening the competencies and skills of health care managers is a key objective in many health systems. Selecting adequate training methods, content, and using appropriate criteria for assessing their impact is fundamental for improving their usefulness and effectiveness. Filling an important gap in knowledge, this review assesses the evidence on the effectiveness of different types of training and educational programmes delivered to hospital managers.
METHODS
In this narrative systematic review, the following electronic databases were searched for literature published between January 1st, 1990 and January 31st, 2019. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies.
RESULTS
In total, 9 articles were included. Results showed that the main topics covered by training programs for hospital managers were: planning, organization and coordination, control and supervision of hospital staff, teamwork, communication, motivation and leadership, monitoring and evaluation, and quality improvement skills. Training in these skills was found to improve managers' strategic and operational planning abilities, change management and behavioural management methods, and leadership.
CONCLUSIONS
The examined training programs had a relatively positive effect on the managerial skills, knowledge and competencies of hospital managers. In general, these capacity-building programs focused on developing three types of skills: technical, interpersonal and conceptual. Training programs focused on developing technical skills among managers were more effective than those focused on developing other types of skills. Increased investment and large-scale planning are needed to develop better the knowledge and competencies of hospital managers.
Topics: Communication; Health Personnel; Hospitals; Humans; Leadership; Motivation
PubMed: 33143488
DOI: 10.1177/0951484820971460 -
Health Psychology : Official Journal of... Mar 2017Too much sitting is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease and premature death. This investigation aimed to systematically review the evidence for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
Too much sitting is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease and premature death. This investigation aimed to systematically review the evidence for personality as a correlate of time spent in sedentary pursuits.
METHOD
Electronic databases (PubMed; Science Direct; PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, and SPORTDiscus via EBSCO; Web of Science; MEDLINE via Ovid; Scopus; ProQuest) were searched in December 2015 for studies reporting an association between at least 1 personality trait and time spent in at least 1 sedentary behavior. Pooled mean effect sizes were computed using inverse-variance weighted random effects meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Twenty-six studies (28 samples, 110 effect sizes) met inclusion criteria. Higher levels of sedentary behavior were associated with higher levels of neuroticism (r+ = .08, 95% confidence interval [CI: .05, .10]) and lower levels of conscientiousness (r+ = -.08, 95% CI [-.11, -.06]). Nonsignificant associations were observed for extraversion (r+ = .00, 95% CI [-.07, .06]), openness (r+ = -.02, 95% CI [-.05, .02]), and agreeableness (r+ = -.04, 95% CI [-.09, .00]). Effects for neuroticism and extraversion were moderated by measurement of sedentary behavior, and effects for openness and agreeableness were moderated by participant age and gender.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings appear consistent with personality trait associations with other health-related behaviors. More objective measures of sedentary behavior are required to make more definitive conclusions about the contribution of personality to a sedentary lifestyle. (PsycINFO Database Record
Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Female; Health Behavior; Humans; Male; Neuroticism; Personality; Personality Disorders; Sedentary Behavior
PubMed: 27736151
DOI: 10.1037/hea0000429 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Nov 2014Evidence suggests that physical self-concept is associated with physical activity in children and adolescents, but no systematic review of this literature has been... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Evidence suggests that physical self-concept is associated with physical activity in children and adolescents, but no systematic review of this literature has been conducted.
OBJECTIVE
The primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the strength of associations between physical activity and physical self-concept (general and sub-domains) in children and adolescents. The secondary aim was to examine potential moderators of the association between physical activity and physical self-concept.
METHODS
A systematic search of six electronic databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, ERIC, Web of Science and Scopus) with no date restrictions was conducted. Random effects meta-analyses with correction for measurement were employed. The associations between physical activity and general physical self-concept and sub-domains were explored. A risk of bias assessment was conducted by two reviewers.
RESULTS
The search identified 64 studies to be included in the meta-analysis. Thirty-three studies addressed multiple outcomes of general physical self-concept: 28 studies examined general physical self-concept, 59 examined perceived competence, 25 examined perceived fitness, and 55 examined perceived appearance. Perceived competence was most strongly associated with physical activity (r = 0.30, 95% CI 0.24-0.35, p < 0.001), followed by perceived fitness (r = 0.26, 95% CI 0.20-0.32, p < 0.001), general physical self-concept (r = 0.25, 95% CI 0.16-0.34, p < 0.001) and perceived physical appearance (r = 0.12, 95% CI 0.08-0.16, p < 0.001). Sex was a significant moderator for general physical self-concept (p < 0.05), and age was a significant moderator for perceived appearance (p ≤ 0.01) and perceived competence (p < 0.05). No significant moderators were found for perceived fitness.
CONCLUSION
Overall, a significant association has been consistently demonstrated between physical activity and physical self-concept and its various sub-domains in children and adolescents. Age and sex are key moderators of the association between physical activity and physical self-concept.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Body Image; Child; Humans; Motor Activity; Physical Fitness; Self Concept; Self Efficacy; Sex Factors
PubMed: 25053012
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-014-0229-z -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Sep 2021Self-tracking technologies are widely used in people's daily lives and health care. Academic research on self-tracking and the quantified self has also accumulated... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Self-tracking technologies are widely used in people's daily lives and health care. Academic research on self-tracking and the quantified self has also accumulated rapidly in recent years. Surprisingly, there is a paucity of research that reviews, classifies, and synthesizes the state of the art with respect to self-tracking and the quantified self.
OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to identify the state of the art of self-tracking and the quantified self in terms of health and well-being.
METHODS
We have undertaken a systematic literature review on self-tracking and the quantified self in promoting health and well-being. After a rigorous literature search, followed by inclusions, exclusions, and the application of article quality assessment protocols, 67 empirical studies qualified for the review.
RESULTS
Our results demonstrate that prior research has focused on 3 stakeholders with respect to self-tracking and the quantified self, namely end users, patients and people with illnesses, and health care professionals and caregivers. We used these stakeholder groups to cluster the research themes of the reviewed studies. We identified 11 research themes. There are 6 themes under the end-user cluster: user motivation and goal setting, usage and effects of self-tracking, continuance intention and long-term usage, management of personal data, rejection and discontinuance, and user characteristics. The patient and people with illnesses cluster contains three themes: usage experience of patients and people with illnesses, management of patient-generated data, and advantages and disadvantages in the clinical context. The health care professional and caregiver cluster contains two themes: collaboration among patients, health care professionals, and caregivers, and changes in the roles of patients and professionals. Moreover, we classified the future research suggestions given in the literature into 5 directions in terms of research designs and research topics. Finally, based on our reflections on the observations from the review, we suggest four future research directions: (1) users' cognitions and emotions related to processing and interpreting the information produced by tracking devices and apps; (2) the dark side of self-tracking (eg, its adverse psychosocial consequences); (3) self-tracking as a societal phenomenon; and (4) systemic impacts of self-tracking on health care and the actors involved.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic literature review contributes to research and practice by assisting future research activities and providing practitioners with a concise overview of the state of the art of self-tracking and the quantified self.
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Health Personnel; Health Promotion; Humans; Motivation
PubMed: 34546176
DOI: 10.2196/25171 -
Journal of the American Pharmacists... 2022Emotional intelligence (EI) can help perceive, understand, and manage emotions and positively impact performance in any profession, including pharmacists, and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Emotional intelligence (EI) can help perceive, understand, and manage emotions and positively impact performance in any profession, including pharmacists, and consequently may have positive influence on patient-related outcomes. Although there is strong body of evidence suggesting that developing EI in health professionals (HPs) can increase their capacity to successfully communicate and build relationships with patients, thus increasing patient satisfaction, little is known about it in pharmaceutical care (PhC).
OBJECTIVES
This review aimed to synthesize available data on the probable impact of EI on PhC.
METHODS
PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched for papers in English dated between January 2000 and June 2021. Quantitative, qualitative, or mixed method studies on EI and PhC that involved practicing pharmacists were included.
RESULTS
The inclusion criteria were met by 4 papers only. One reported positive impact of EI in reducing the negative correlation between autistic-like traits and empathy among hospital pharmacists. One study demonstrated that EI levels can be significantly enhanced through pharmacy leadership programs. Another study established a positive correlation between EI and entrepreneurial orientation in practicing community pharmacists. Higher EI scores were predictors of increased work innovation, proactivity, and risk-taking levels. One study reported comparative EI data between different HPs and found pharmacists' superiority in the EI subdomains of self-awareness, self-motivation, and social skills.
CONCLUSION
Additional research is required to provide evidence on how EI and EI development programs can add value to the provision of PhC. Processes and resources ought to be developed and secured to support the implementation and follow-up of such programs to bring long-term benefits to practicing pharmacists and consequently positively impacting patient-reported health outcomes.
Topics: Emotional Intelligence; Empathy; Health Personnel; Humans; Pharmaceutical Services; Pharmacists
PubMed: 35341711
DOI: 10.1016/j.japh.2022.02.019 -
JAMA Psychiatry Jun 2023Motivational impairments in schizophrenia are by definition associated with poor outcome. It is postulated that the reduction of goal-directed behavior arises from... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
IMPORTANCE
Motivational impairments in schizophrenia are by definition associated with poor outcome. It is postulated that the reduction of goal-directed behavior arises from abnormal trade-offs between rewards and efforts.
OBJECTIVE
To examine whether schizophrenia is associated with impairments in effort-cost decision-making.
DATA SOURCES
For this systematic review and meta-analysis, the PubMed, ScienceDirect, PsycINFO, Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases were searched from inception to July 2022 for studies that investigated effort-cost decision-making in schizophrenia. Search terms included effort, cost, and schizophrenia.
STUDY SELECTION
Consensual criteria for inclusion were peer-reviewed studies published in English that used a computerized effort-cost decision-making behavioral paradigm and compared individuals with schizophrenia with control individuals.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses reporting guideline was used for abstracting data. Data were extracted independently by 2 authors and then pooled using random-effects sizes and bayesian approaches.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
The main outcomes were performance on effort-cost decision-making tasks requiring an effort-reward trade-off, measured by Hedges g effect size. Effects of moderators were tested with meta-regressions and subgroup analyses.
RESULTS
Twenty studies involving 1503 participants were included: 837 individuals with schizophrenia (541 [64.6%] male; mean [SD] age, 35.89 [6.70] years) and 666 control individuals without schizophrenia (360 [54.1%] male; mean [SD] age, 34.16 [5.92] years). Participants with schizophrenia had significantly reduced willingness to expend effort for rewards compared with controls (k = 20; effect size, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.30-0.56; P < .001; I2 = 33.1%; Q test P = .08). The magnitude of the deficit was significantly greater for high-reward trials. The severity of negative symptoms was negatively associated with effort-cost decision-making (k = 8; effect size, -0.33; 95% CI, -0.50 to -0.15; P < .001), while participants with a high number of negative symptoms had a significantly larger impairment in effort-cost decision-making (k = 5; effect size, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.10-0.84; P = .01).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, schizophrenia was associated with deficits in effort allocation as indexed by effort-cost decision-making tasks. Understanding the cognitive and neurobiological mechanisms driving effort allocation impairments may assist in developing novel interventions.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adult; Female; Schizophrenia; Bayes Theorem; Motivation; Reward
PubMed: 37043223
DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.0553