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Journal of Affective Disorders Jan 2023Affective neuroscience (AN) theory assumes the existence of seven basic emotional systems (i.e., SEEKING, ANGER, FEAR, CARE, LUST, SADNESS, PLAY) that are common to all... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Affective neuroscience (AN) theory assumes the existence of seven basic emotional systems (i.e., SEEKING, ANGER, FEAR, CARE, LUST, SADNESS, PLAY) that are common to all mammals and evolutionarily determined to be tools for survival and, in general, for fitness. Based on the AN approach, the Affective Neuroscience Personality Scales (ANPS) questionnaire was developed to examine individual differences in the defined basic emotional systems. The current systematic review aims to examine the use of ANPS in clinical contexts attempting to define those behavioral elements associated with underlying stable personality traits.
METHODS
The systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA statements. PubMed and PsycInfo were used for research literature from March 2003 to November 2021.
RESULTS
Forty-four studies including ANPS were identified from 1763 studies reviewed. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria.
LIMITATIONS
The review comprised some papers with incomplete psychological assessments (e.g., lack of other measures in addition to the ANPS) and missing information (e.g., on the [sub]samples), which may affect the generalizability of findings.
CONCLUSION
Specific endophenotypes and/or patterns of emotional/motivational systems were found for several mental disorders. Specifically, endophenotypes emerged for the Depressive and Autism Spectrum Disorders, Borderline and Avoidant Personality Disorders, type I and II Bipolar Disorders, and the Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. The endophenotypes can provide useful reflective elements for both psychodiagnosis and intervention. Overall, the current study may represent an attempt to contribute to the understanding of the basic emotional systems involved in the psychopathological manifestations identified by AN.
Topics: Humans; Personality Disorders; Emotions; Cyclothymic Disorder; Individuality; Anger; Personality
PubMed: 36174784
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.104 -
Child Psychiatry and Human Development Apr 2023This work presents a review of research papers examining the role of emerging personality pathology in suicidal ideation and behaviours in adolescence. Initially, 226...
This work presents a review of research papers examining the role of emerging personality pathology in suicidal ideation and behaviours in adolescence. Initially, 226 studies were selected in line with PRISMA guidelines, and 33 articles were finally included in this review. The data show percentages of any personality disorder diagnosis ranging from 19.5 to 22.8% in suicide attempters, while in autopsy studies, the rate of personality disorder diagnosis varied between 29.6 and 42.1%. The overwhelming majority of the studies focus on the role of borderline personality disorder (BPD) in suicidal behaviours, also highlighting its predictive role at a longitudinal level. Furthermore, the literature review shows that personality traits supposed to underlie BPD, such as affective instability, impulsivity and identity diffusion, have specific predictive links with suicidal conduct. Other personality pathology dimensions, such as aggressiveness, sadism and perfectionism that are associated with other personality disorders, namely, antisocial and narcissistic personality disorders, have also shown a significant mediating role for suicidal risk. Overall, these results seem to parallel the role of personality pathology in predicting suicide in adulthood and point to the relevance of assessing the presence of emerging patterns of personality disorders for the clinical management of suicidal risk in adolescence.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Suicidal Ideation; Suicide; Suicide, Attempted; Personality Disorders; Personality; Borderline Personality Disorder
PubMed: 34524583
DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01239-x -
Journal of Behavioral Addictions Aug 2021Online gaming has become an essential form of entertainment with the advent of technology and a large sway of research has been undertaken to understand its various... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Online gaming has become an essential form of entertainment with the advent of technology and a large sway of research has been undertaken to understand its various permutations. Previous reviews have identified associations between the Big Five personality traits and online gaming, but a systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between these constructs has yet to be undertaken. In the current study we aimed to fill this gap in the literature through a systematic review and meta-analysis comprising of 17 studies and 25,634 individuals (AgeMean = 26.55, males = 75%). The findings showed that agreeableness, extraversion, openness to experience, and neuroticism were not ubiquitously associated with online gaming. The findings showed that only conscientiousness, across samples, had a protective role in online gaming. Furthermore, there were non-significant variations in the Big Five personality traits associations with online gaming when comparing gamers to the general population, younger versus older participants, casual versus 'hardcore' gamers, and high versus low traits (with the exception of neuroticism). As a result of our observations, the underlying mechanisms of individual differences in online gaming remain unclear. Limitations and future directions for research are discussed.
Topics: Extraversion, Psychological; Humans; Individuality; Male; Neuroticism; Personality; Video Games
PubMed: 34432645
DOI: 10.1556/2006.2021.00050 -
Health Services Management Research May 2021Developing and strengthening the competencies and skills of health care managers is a key objective in many health systems. Selecting adequate training methods, content,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Developing and strengthening the competencies and skills of health care managers is a key objective in many health systems. Selecting adequate training methods, content, and using appropriate criteria for assessing their impact is fundamental for improving their usefulness and effectiveness. Filling an important gap in knowledge, this review assesses the evidence on the effectiveness of different types of training and educational programmes delivered to hospital managers.
METHODS
In this narrative systematic review, the following electronic databases were searched for literature published between January 1st, 1990 and January 31st, 2019. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist was used to evaluate the quality of the included studies.
RESULTS
In total, 9 articles were included. Results showed that the main topics covered by training programs for hospital managers were: planning, organization and coordination, control and supervision of hospital staff, teamwork, communication, motivation and leadership, monitoring and evaluation, and quality improvement skills. Training in these skills was found to improve managers' strategic and operational planning abilities, change management and behavioural management methods, and leadership.
CONCLUSIONS
The examined training programs had a relatively positive effect on the managerial skills, knowledge and competencies of hospital managers. In general, these capacity-building programs focused on developing three types of skills: technical, interpersonal and conceptual. Training programs focused on developing technical skills among managers were more effective than those focused on developing other types of skills. Increased investment and large-scale planning are needed to develop better the knowledge and competencies of hospital managers.
Topics: Communication; Health Personnel; Hospitals; Humans; Leadership; Motivation
PubMed: 33143488
DOI: 10.1177/0951484820971460 -
Chronobiology International Apr 2023Referring to the hours during a day when a person's physical and cognitive functions are active, the chronotype indicates the differences in individual preferences in... (Review)
Review
Referring to the hours during a day when a person's physical and cognitive functions are active, the chronotype indicates the differences in individual preferences in sleep timing and other behaviors. The fact that the evening chronotype has been associated with adverse health outcomes has raised the issue of relationship between chronotype and obesity. This study aims to synthesize the evidence regarding the relationship between chronotype and obesity. As part of the study, the PubMed, OVID-LWW, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE Complete, Cochrane Library and ULAKBIM databases were screened for the articles published between January 01, 2010 and December 31, 2020. The quality of each study was assessed independently by the two researchers using the "Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies." Upon evaluating the screening results, a total of seven studies, one of high quality and six of medium quality, were included in the systematic review. The rate of the minor allele (C) genes, which have been associated with obesity, and SIRT1-CLOCK genes, which have an additional effect in favor of resistance against weight loss, is higher in individuals of evening chronotype, and such individuals have been observed to have significantly higher resistance to weight loss. The evening chronotype individuals have been associated with a higher homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) value, higher plasma ghrelin levels, and a tendency toward a higher body mass index (BMI). The evening chronotypes have been reported to adhere less to a healthy diet and have more unhealthy behaviors and eating patterns. A diet adjusted to the chronotype has been seen to be more effective than conventional hypocaloric diet therapy in terms of anthropometric parameters. Most people who eat their main meals late are of evening chronotype, and such people have been determined to lose significantly less weight than those who eat early. It has been shown that bariatric surgery is less effective in weight loss in evening chronotype patients than in morning chronotype patients. The evening chronotypes are less successful in adapting to weight loss treatments and long-term weight control than the morning chronotypes.
Topics: Humans; Obesity; Chronotype; Diet, Reducing; Circadian Rhythm; Sleep; Weight Loss; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36803075
DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2180385 -
Pain Research & Management 2023Chronic headache (CH) is a condition that includes different subtypes of headaches and that can impair different life domains. Personality traits can play a relevant... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Chronic headache (CH) is a condition that includes different subtypes of headaches and that can impair different life domains. Personality traits can play a relevant role both in the development and in coping with this medical condition. The first aim of the present study is to realize a systematic review of the personality traits associated with CH compared to healthy controls; the second objective is to carry out a quantitative meta-analysis with the studies using the same instrument to assess personality traits.
METHOD
The literature search encompassed articles published from 1988 until December 2022 on the major databases in the field of health and social sciences: PubMed, Scopus, PsychInfo, and Web of Science.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies were included in the systematic review, but only three studies were deeply explored in a meta-analysis since the only ones used a common instrument for personality assessment (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory). According to the meta-analysis, different subtypes of CH patients scored higher than healthy controls on Hypochondriasis and Hysteria Scales. The systematic review showed higher levels of depressive and anxious personality dimensions and pain catastrophizing in CH compared to healthy controls. Moreover, frequent-chronic forms and medication-overuse headache were the most symptomatic and frail categories showing higher levels of dysfunctional personality traits and psychopathological symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
These results seem to confirm a "neurotic profile" in patients suffering from CH. The identification of the main personality traits involved in the onset and maintenance of headache disorders represents an important objective for developing psychological interventions.
Topics: Humans; Personality Disorders; Personality; Headache Disorders; Headache; Headache Disorders, Secondary
PubMed: 37671122
DOI: 10.1155/2023/6685372 -
Conservation Biology : the Journal of... Feb 2023Although animal personality research may have applied uses, this suggestion has yet to be evaluated by assessing empirical studies examining animal personality and... (Review)
Review
Although animal personality research may have applied uses, this suggestion has yet to be evaluated by assessing empirical studies examining animal personality and conservation. To address this knowledge gap, we performed a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature relating to conservation science and animal personality. Criteria for inclusion in our review included access to full text, primary research articles, and relevant animal conservation or personality focus (i.e., not human personality studies). Ninety-two articles met these criteria. We summarized the conservation contexts, testing procedures (including species and sample size), analytical approach, claimed personality traits (activity, aggression, boldness, exploration, and sociability), and each report's key findings and conservation-focused suggestions. Although providing evidence for repeatability in behavior is crucial for personality studies, repeatability quantification was implemented in only half of the reports. Nonetheless, each of the 5 personality traits were investigated to some extent in a range of conservations contexts. The most robust studies in the field showed variance in how personality relates to other ecologically important variables across species and contexts. Moreover, many studies were first attempts at using personality for conservation purposes in a given study system. Overall, it appears personality is not yet a fully realized tool for conservation. To apply personality research to conservation problems, we suggest researchers think about where individual differences in behavior may affect conservation outcomes in their system, assess where there are opportunities for repeated measures, and follow the most current methodological guides on quantifying personality.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Conservation of Natural Resources; Personality
PubMed: 35561041
DOI: 10.1111/cobi.13935 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Jul 2021Increasing evidence shows how diet may play a role in improving health including mental health. Of note, personality may influence the type of diet and consequently the...
Increasing evidence shows how diet may play a role in improving health including mental health. Of note, personality may influence the type of diet and consequently the prognosis of medical and psychiatric conditions. The purpose of the present systematic review is to summarize the available data regarding the influence of personality on dietary habits affecting health outcomes. A search in the main databases was conducted matching the terms "personality," "personality traits" with "food choices," "food preferences," "diet," and "dietary habits." A total of 1856 articles were screened, and 24 articles were finally included. Exclusion criteria consisted of studies on animals or children, studies about eating disorders, types of diet not clearly associated with health outcomes, and studies for marketing reasons. Several studies showed that personality traits can influence both dietary choices and the type of diet, including the preference for healthy or unhealthy food. Unfavorable personality traits such as neuroticism and alexithymia (the inability to identify and describe emotions) were associated with unhealthy diet habits such as low consumption of fruit and vegetables, and the increased consumption of sugar and saturated fats. Personality seems to play a role in food selection and in the propensity to change diet. The interpretation of these results should be weighted by the different cultural contexts in which the studies were conducted and the extreme heterogeneity of tools used to assess personality and food preferences. Future research should clarify how personality can affect diet in specific populations such as patients with severe psychiatric disorders.
Topics: Animals; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Food Preferences; Humans; Personality; Vegetables
PubMed: 33427288
DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa166 -
BMC Psychology Feb 2023Job burnout negatively contributes to individual well-being, enhancing public health costs due to turnover, absenteeism, and reduced job performance. Personality traits...
BACKGROUND
Job burnout negatively contributes to individual well-being, enhancing public health costs due to turnover, absenteeism, and reduced job performance. Personality traits mainly explain why workers differ in experiencing burnout under the same stressful work conditions. The current systematic review was conducted with the PRISMA method and focused on the five-factor model to explain workers' burnout risk.
METHODS
The databases used were Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and PsycINFO. Keywords used were: "Burnout," "Job burnout," "Work burnout," "Personality," and "Personality traits".
RESULTS
The initial search identified 3320 papers, from which double and non-focused studies were excluded. From the 207 full texts reviewed, the studies included in this review were 83 papers. The findings show that higher levels of neuroticism (r from 0.10** to 0.642***; β from 0.16** to 0.587***) and lower agreeableness (r from - 0.12* to - 0.353***; β from - 0.08*** to - 0.523*), conscientiousness (r from -0.12* to -0.355***; β from - 0.09*** to - 0.300*), extraversion (r from - 0.034** to - 0.33***; β from - 0.06*** to - 0.31***), and openness (r from - 0.18*** to - 0.237**; β from - 0.092* to - 0.45*) are associated with higher levels of burnout.
CONCLUSIONS
The present review highlighted the relationship between personality traits and job burnout. Results showed that personality traits were closely related to workers' burnout risk. There is still much to explore and how future research on job burnout should account for the personality factors.
Topics: Humans; Burnout, Professional; Personality; Neuroticism; Personality Disorders; Personnel Turnover
PubMed: 36804929
DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01056-y -
Current Psychiatry Reports Oct 2020Identity is one of the key domains that is disturbed in people manifesting personality disorder (PD). Within the field of personality psychology, there is a robust... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Identity is one of the key domains that is disturbed in people manifesting personality disorder (PD). Within the field of personality psychology, there is a robust approach to studying identity focused on narrative identity which has been largely overlooked in studying PD. In this paper, a systematic review was conducted of studies published in the past decade that focused on how individuals manifesting personality pathology craft their narrative identity.
RECENT FINDINGS
This review revealed disturbances related to several motivational/affective themes (e.g., negative valence/valence shifts and thwarted themes of agency and communion), autobiographical reasoning (negative self-inferences), and structural elements (e.g., low coherence and fewer life script events) within the narrative identity of people who manifest PD. Narrative identity is disturbed in people experiencing personality pathology and may have crucial implications for enhancing our conceptual understanding of PD and for PD interventions. This review also points to several research limitations and gaps that we encourage the field to pursue in the future.
Topics: Humans; Motivation; Narration; Personality; Personality Disorders; Self Concept
PubMed: 33034756
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-020-01187-8