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Clinical and Experimental Dental... Aug 2022This systematic review aimed to assess in vitro studies that evaluated neutrophil interactions with different roughness levels in titanium and zirconia implant surfaces. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
This systematic review aimed to assess in vitro studies that evaluated neutrophil interactions with different roughness levels in titanium and zirconia implant surfaces.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
An electronic search for literature was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science and a total of 14 studies were included. Neutrophil responses were assessed based on adhesion, cell number, surface coverage, cell structure, cytokine secretion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, neutrophil activation, receptor expression, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release. The method of assessing the risk of bias was done using the toxicological data reliability assessment tool (TOXRTOOL).
RESULTS
Ten studies have identified a significant increase in neutrophil functions, such as surface coverage, cell adhesion, ROS production, and NETs released when interacting with rough titanium surfaces. Moreover, neutrophil interaction with rough-hydrophilic surfaces seems to produce less proinflammatory cytokines and ROS when compared to naive smooth and rough titanium surfaces. Regarding membrane receptor expression, two studies have reported that the FcγIII receptor (CD16) is responsible for initial neutrophil adhesion to hydrophilic titanium surfaces. Only one study compared neutrophil interaction with titanium alloy and zirconia toughened alumina surfaces and reported no significant differences in neutrophil cell count, activation, receptor expression, and death.
CONCLUSIONS
There are not enough studies to conclude neutrophil interactions with titanium and zirconia surfaces. However, different topographic modifications such as roughness and hydrophilicity might influence neutrophil interactions with titanium implant surfaces.
Topics: Dental Implants; Neutrophils; Reactive Oxygen Species; Reproducibility of Results; Surface Properties; Titanium; Zirconium
PubMed: 35535662
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.582 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Ageing research is establishing macrophages as key immune system regulators that undergo functional decline. Due to heterogeneity between species and tissue populations,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Ageing research is establishing macrophages as key immune system regulators that undergo functional decline. Due to heterogeneity between species and tissue populations, a plethora of data exist and the power of scientific conclusions can vary substantially. This meta-analysis by information content (MAIC) and systematic literature review (SLR) aims to determine overall changes in macrophage gene and protein expression, as well as function, with age.
METHODS
PubMed was utilized to collate peer-reviewed literature relating to macrophage ageing. Primary studies comparing macrophages in at least two age groups were included. Data pertaining to gene or protein expression alongside method used were extracted for MAIC analysis. For SLR analysis, data included all macrophage-specific changes with age, as well as species, ontogeny and age of groups assessed.
RESULTS
A total of 240 studies were included; 122 of which qualified for MAIC. The majority of papers focussed on changes in macrophage count/infiltration as a function of age, followed by gene and protein expression. The MAIC found iNOS and TNF to be the most commonly investigated entities, with 328 genes and 175 proteins showing consistent dysregulation with age across the literature. Overall findings indicate that cytokine secretion and phagocytosis are reduced and reactive oxygen species production is increased in the ageing macrophage.
DISCUSSION
Collectively, our analysis identifies critical regulators in macrophage ageing that are consistently dysregulated, highlighting a plethora of targets for further investigation. Consistent functional changes with age found here can be used to confirm an ageing macrophage phenotype in specific studies and experimental models.
Topics: Macrophages; Phagocytosis
PubMed: 37520567
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1222308 -
Journal of Immunology Research 2023Spontaneous preterm birth is one of the most common pregnancy complications in obstetric clinical practice, and its etiology is complex. The problems of low survival and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Spontaneous preterm birth is one of the most common pregnancy complications in obstetric clinical practice, and its etiology is complex. The problems of low survival and high morbidity rates of premature infants need to be solved urgently. The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) are two novel biomarkers of inflammation, and several studies have linked PLR and LMR to spontaneous preterm birth. These systematic review and meta-analysis are aimed at analyzing the relationship between PLR and LMR in patients with spontaneous preterm birth to provide new ideas for the early prevention and treatment of spontaneous preterm births.
METHODS
Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure databases were inspected to gather PLR and LMR in patients with spontaneous preterm birth, all from the database to February 2022. Interstudy heterogeneity was evaluated using Cochran's test and statistic. Differences in PLR and LMR between patients with spontaneous preterm birth and full-term controls were evaluated by computing standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals. Publication bias and sensitivity analyses were also performed.
RESULTS
Nine studies were included in the meta-analysis based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The meta-analysis showed that serum PLR values were remarkably larger for patients with spontaneous preterm birth than for full-term controls (SMD = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.13 to 0.84, = 0.007), whereas the difference between serum LMR in patients with spontaneous preterm birth and full-term controls was not statistically significant (SMD: 0.35, 95% CI: -0.18, 0.88, = 0.199). The results of Begg's and Egger's tests revealed that the publication bias of the meta-analysis was not significant. The outcomes of the sensitivity analysis showed that the individual studies did not influence the meta-analysis results.
CONCLUSIONS
Current evidence shows that PLR is strongly associated with spontaneous preterm birth, whereas LMR is not. PLR has a certain clinical value in diagnosing and treating spontaneous preterm births, and our research will provide strong theoretical support for clinical work. In the future, it will be necessary to further explore the reasons for the increased PLR in the serum of patients with spontaneous preterm birth and other mechanisms inducing spontaneous preterm birth.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Monocytes; Premature Birth; Lymphocytes; Blood Platelets; Biomarkers
PubMed: 36814523
DOI: 10.1155/2023/6841344 -
Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology &... 2022The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was analyzing published studies on the role of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in infection and spatially... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was analyzing published studies on the role of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in infection and spatially spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) among cirrhotic patients.
METHODS
PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched until May 24, 2022. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used for quality assessment.
RESULTS
Of 14 studies included in our study, six studies were on infection with 2786 hospitalized cirrhotic patients, of whom 934 developed an infection. Other studies were on SBP with 1573 cirrhotic patients with ascites, of whom 557 developed SBP. The pooled results showed that there was no difference in NLR levels between hospitalized cirrhotic patients who developed infection compared to those who did not (random-effects model: SMD = 0.63, 95% CI = -0.01-1.27, =0.054). However, cirrhotic patients with ascites who developed SBP had elevated levels of NLR compared to those who did not (random-effects model: SMD = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.52-1.57, < 0.001). This difference remained significant in prospective studies (SMD = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.51-1.38, < 0.001) but not in retrospective studies (SMD = 1.37, 95% CI = -0.56-3.29,=0.165), in the subgroup analysis according to the study design. The pooled sensitivity of NLR was 92.07% (95% CI = 74.85%-97.84%) and the pooled specificity was 72.58% (95% CI = 57.72%-83.69%). The pooled positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, DOR of NLR were 3.35(95%CI = 2.06-5.46), 0.10 (95%CI = 0.03-0.38), and 30.78 (95%CI = 7.01-135.04), respectively.
CONCLUSION
Our results support NLR to be a valid biomarker that can be readily integrated into clinical settings to help in the prevention and prediction of SBP among cirrhotic patients.
Topics: Ascites; Biomarkers; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Lymphocytes; Neutrophils; Peritonitis; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36204262
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8604060 -
Chest Jul 2023Monocyte distribution width (MDW) is an emerging biomarker for infection. It is available easily and quickly as part of the CBC count, which is performed routinely on... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Monocyte distribution width (MDW) is an emerging biomarker for infection. It is available easily and quickly as part of the CBC count, which is performed routinely on hospital admission. The increasing availability and promising results of MDW as a biomarker in sepsis has prompted an expansion of its use to other infectious diseases.
RESEARCH QUESTION
What is the diagnostic performance of MDW across multiple infectious disease outcomes and care settings?
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
A systematic review of the diagnostic performance of MDW across multiple infectious disease outcomes was conducted by searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science through February 4, 2022. Meta-analysis was performed for outcomes with three or more reports identified (sepsis and COVID-19). Diagnostic performance measures were calculated for individual studies with pooled estimates created by linear mixed-effects models.
RESULTS
We identified 29 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Most examined sepsis (19 studies) and COVID-19 (six studies). Pooled estimates of diagnostic performance for sepsis differed by reference standard (Second vs Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock criteria) and tube anticoagulant used and ranged from an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.74 to 0.94, with mean sensitivity of 0.69 to 0.79 and mean specificity of 0.57 to 0.86. For COVID-19, the pooled AUC of MDW was 0.76, mean sensitivity was 0.79, and mean specificity was 0.59.
INTERPRETATION
MDW exhibited good diagnostic performance for sepsis and COVID-19. Diagnostic thresholds for sepsis should be chosen with consideration of reference standard and tube type used.
TRIAL REGISTRY
Prospero; No.: CRD42020210074; URL: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/.
Topics: Humans; Monocytes; COVID-19; Sepsis; Biomarkers; Communicable Diseases; COVID-19 Testing
PubMed: 36681146
DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.12.049 -
Journal of Leukocyte Biology Mar 2023Despite effective antiretroviral therapies, chronic inflammation and spontaneous viral "blips" occur in HIV-infected patients. Given the roles for monocytes/macrophages...
Despite effective antiretroviral therapies, chronic inflammation and spontaneous viral "blips" occur in HIV-infected patients. Given the roles for monocytes/macrophages in HIV pathogenesis and extracellular vesicles in intercellular communication, we performed this systematic review to delineate the triad of HIV, monocytes/macrophages, and extracellular vesicles in the modulation of immune activation and HIV activities. We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and EBSCO databases for published articles, up to 18 August 2022, relevant to this triad. The search identified 11,836 publications, and 36 studies were deemed eligible and included in this systematic review. Data were extracted for the characteristics of HIV, monocytes/macrophages, and extracellular vesicles used for experiments and the immunologic and virologic outcomes in extracellular vesicle recipient cells. Evidence for the effects on outcomes was synthesized by stratifying the characteristics by outcomes. In this triad, monocytes/macrophages were potential producers and recipients of extracellular vesicles, whose cargo repertoires and functionalities were regulated by HIV infection and cellular stimulation. Extracellular vesicles derived from HIV-infected monocytes/macrophages or the biofluid of HIV-infected patients enhanced innate immune activation and HIV dissemination, cellular entry, replication, and latency reactivation in bystander or infected target cells. These extracellular vesicles could be synthesized in the presence of antiretroviral agents and elicit pathogenic effects in a wide range of nontarget cells. At least eight functional types of extracellular vesicles could be classified based on the diverse extracellular vesicle effects, which were linked to specific virus- and/or host-derived cargos. Thus, the monocyte/macrophage-centered multidirectional crosstalk through extracellular vesicles may help sustain persistent immune activation and residual viral activities during suppressed HIV infection.
Topics: Humans; HIV Infections; Monocytes; Macrophages; Inflammation; Extracellular Vesicles
PubMed: 36802000
DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiac021 -
European Respiratory Review : An... Sep 2023Peripheral blood monocyte counts have been associated with poor outcomes in interstitial lung disease (ILD). However, studies are limited by variable biomarker... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Peripheral blood monocyte counts have been associated with poor outcomes in interstitial lung disease (ILD). However, studies are limited by variable biomarker thresholds, analytic approaches and heterogenous populations. This systematic review and meta-analysis characterised the relationship between monocytes and clinical outcomes in ILD.
METHODS
Electronic database searches were performed. Two reviewers screened abstracts and extracted data. Pooled estimates (hazard ratios (HRs)) of monocyte count thresholds were calculated for their association with mortality using ≥0.6×10 and >0.9×10 cells·L for unadjusted models and ≥0.95×10 cells·L for adjusted models, using random effects, with heterogeneity and bias assessed. Disease progression associated with monocytes >0.9×10cells·L was also calculated.
RESULTS
Of 3279 abstracts, 13 were included in the systematic review and eight in the meta-analysis. The pooled unadjusted HR for mortality for monocyte counts ≥0.6×10 cells·L was 1.71 (95% CI 1.34-2.19, p<0.001, I=0%) and for monocyte counts >0.90×10 cells·L it was 2.44 (95% CI 1.53-3.87, p=0.0002, I=52%). The pooled adjusted HR for mortality for monocyte counts ≥0.95×10 cells·L was 1.93 (95% CI 1.24-3.01, p=0.0038 I=69%). The pooled HR for disease progression associated with increased monocyte counts was 1.83 (95% CI 1.40-2.39, p<0.0001, I=28%).
CONCLUSIONS
Peripheral blood monocyte counts were associated with an increased risk of mortality and disease progression in patients with ILD.
Topics: Humans; Monocytes; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Patients; Disease Progression
PubMed: 37673424
DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0072-2023 -
Andrologia Apr 2022Several studies were conducted to explore the association between haematological parameters and erectile dysfunction (ED), but the conclusions were contradictory with... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Several studies were conducted to explore the association between haematological parameters and erectile dysfunction (ED), but the conclusions were contradictory with small sample size. The extensively search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library and Web of science from inception to August 2021. Studies comparing the haematological parameter (at least NLR, PLR) between ED patients and healthy controls were eligible for the present meta-analysis. The differences in NLR and PLR between ED patients and healthy controls were assessed by calculating the standardised mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Eventually, 7 studies were remained for our meta-analysis, with a total of 929 ED patients and 737 healthy controls. For the methodological quality based on NOS, 5 studies were of high quality, scored 7, and 8. 2 studies were of moderate quality, scored 6. There were statistically significant differences in NLR values between ED patients and healthy controls, based on the pooled results (SMD: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.24-0.82). Pooled results from the 6 studies revealed that ED patients had higher PLR values than healthy controls (SMD: 0.70, 95%CI: 0.12-1.28). Our meta-analysis solidly confirmed the association between NLR, PLR and ED. Increased NLR and PLR should be independent risk factors for ED.
Topics: Blood Platelets; Erectile Dysfunction; Humans; Lymphocytes; Male; Neutrophils
PubMed: 34879439
DOI: 10.1111/and.14337 -
The Journal of Arthroplasty Mar 2024The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has shown promising results as a diagnostic tool for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total joint arthroplasty. We... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has shown promising results as a diagnostic tool for periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) after total joint arthroplasty. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the utility of NLR in the diagnosis of PJI.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception up to 2022 and evaluated the quality of the included literature.
RESULTS
Based on the 12 eligible studies, NLR levels were significantly higher in patients who had PJI compared to those who had aseptic loosening (standard mean difference (SMD) = 1.05, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 0.71 to 1.40, P < .001). In the subgroup analysis according to type of PJI, NLR levels were significantly higher in patients who had either acute (SMD = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.05 to 2.03, P < .001) or chronic PJI (SMD = 1.08, 95% CI = 0.55 to 1.61, P < .001), compared to those who had aseptic loosening. According to type of arthroplasty, NLR levels were significantly higher in patients who had either total knee arthroplasty (SMD = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.48 to 2.13, P < .001) or total hip arthroplasty (SMD = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.54 to 1.98, P < .001) compared to aseptic loosening. The pooled sensitivity of the 12 studies was 0.73 (95% CI, 0.65 to 0.79), and the pooled specificity was 0.75 (95% CI, 0.71 to 0.78). The pooled positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio of NLR were 2.94 (95% CI = 2.44 to 3.54), 0.35 (95% CI = 0.27 to 0.46), and 8.26 (95% CI = 5.42 to 12.58), respectively.
CONCLUSION
In summary, this meta-analysis indicates that NLR is a reliable marker in the diagnosis of PJI.
Topics: Humans; Prosthesis-Related Infections; Neutrophils; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Arthritis, Infectious; Biomarkers; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 37633509
DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2023.08.067 -
Disease Markers 2022We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relationship between the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relationship between the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD), according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statements. We searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, TRIP, Google Scholar, and ProQuest up to the 8th of August 2022. This was done to retrieve eligible studies. No date or language limitations were considered in this study. Methodology quality assessment was conducted according to the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS). Standard mean difference (SMD) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to depict the pooled continuous variables. Finally, 17 articles with 6334 KD patients, of whom 1328 developed CAA, were enrolled in this meta-analysis. NLR level was significantly higher in KD patients with CAA compared to those without CAA (SMD =0.81; 95% CI =0.05-1.57, = 0.03). In addition, NLR level was significantly higher in patients with coronary artery aneurysms than those without coronary artery aneurysms (SMD =2.29; 95% CI =0.18-4.41, = 0.03). However, no significant association between NLR and coronary artery dilation was observed in this meta-analysis (SMD =0.56; 95% CI = -0.86-1.99). There was no publication bias for the pooled SMD of NLR for coronary artery abnormality in KD (Egger's test = 0.82; Begg's test = 0.32). The NLR may be useful in monitoring CAA development in these patients and may further imply a mechanistic role in potential inflammation that mediates this process.
Topics: Humans; Neutrophils; Mucocutaneous Lymph Node Syndrome; Lymphocytes; Coronary Artery Disease; Biomarkers; Aneurysm
PubMed: 36267460
DOI: 10.1155/2022/6421543