-
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD 2023Choline alphoscerate (alpha glyceryl phosphorylcholine, α-GPC) is a choline-containing phospholipid used as a medicine or nutraceutical to improve cognitive function... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Choline alphoscerate (alpha glyceryl phosphorylcholine, α-GPC) is a choline-containing phospholipid used as a medicine or nutraceutical to improve cognitive function impairment occurring in neurological conditions including adult-onset dementia disorders. Despite its 1985 marketing authorization, there are still discrepancies between countries regarding its approval as a prescription medicine and discussions about its effectiveness.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the α-GPC compound for treating cognitive impairment in patients with adult-onset neurological disorders.
METHODS
Relevant studies were identified by searching PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase. Studies that evaluated the effects of α-GPC alone or in combination with other compounds on adult-onset cognitive impairment reporting cognition, function, and behavior were considered. We assessed the risk of bias of selected studies using the Cochrane risk of bias tool.
RESULTS
A total of 1,326 studies and 300 full-text articles were screened. We included seven randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and one prospective cohort study that met our eligibility criteria. We found significant effects of α-GPC in combination with donepezil on cognition [4 RCTs, mean difference (MD):1.72, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.20 to 3.25], functional outcomes [3 RCTs, MD:0.79, 95% CI: 0.34 to 1.23], and behavioral outcomes [4 RCTs; MD: -7.61, 95% CI: -10.31 to -4.91]. We also observed that patients who received α-GPC had significantly better cognition than those who received either placebo or other medications [MD: 3.50, 95% CI: 0.36 to 6.63].
CONCLUSION
α-GPC alone or in combination with donepezil improved cognition, behavior, and functional outcomes among patients with neurological conditions associated with cerebrovascular injury.
Topics: Humans; Donepezil; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cognition Disorders; Cognition; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 36683513
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-221189 -
Nutrition Reviews May 2022Atherosclerosis is a disease of chronic inflammation. Recent research has identified 2 novel inflammatory biomarkers: platelet-activating factor (PAF) and...
CONTEXT
Atherosclerosis is a disease of chronic inflammation. Recent research has identified 2 novel inflammatory biomarkers: platelet-activating factor (PAF) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2). Diet has been proposed as a mediator of inflammation, but to date, the focus for these novel biomarkers has been on individual foods and nutrients rather than overall dietary patterns.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the literature on the association between dietary patterns and PAF and Lp-PLA2.
DATA SOURCES
The PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane CENTRAL literature databases were searched.
DATA ANALYSIS
Study quality was evaluated using the Quality Criteria Checklist. Sixteen studies (n = 4 observational and n = 12 interventional) were included and assessed for associations between dietary patterns and PAF and Lp-PLA2.
CONCLUSION
Study quality varied from neutral (n = 10) to positive (n = 6). Mediterranean, heart healthy, and vegetarian dietary patterns were associated with improved levels of PAF and Lp-PLA2. Conversely, Western dietary patterns were less favorable. A range of well-established, healthier dietary patterns may lower inflammation and the risk of atherosclerosis. More well-designed studies are needed to confirm these findings and identify other dietary patterns that improve inflammation.
Topics: 1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase; Atherosclerosis; Biomarkers; Humans; Inflammation; Platelet Activating Factor
PubMed: 34651191
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab051 -
Thrombosis and Haemostasis Apr 2020The aim of the study is to perform a systematic review on the recent available evidence on antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin (aPS/PT) antibodies and their...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study is to perform a systematic review on the recent available evidence on antiphosphatidylserine/prothrombin (aPS/PT) antibodies and their association with clinical manifestations of the antiphospholipid syndrome (APS).
METHODS
A detailed literature search was applied to Ovid MEDLINE, In-Process and Other Non-Indexed Citation 2012 to present and to abstract from EULAR and ACR/ARHP Annual Meetings (2012-2019).
RESULTS
Data from 2,901 patients, 587 diseases controls and 559 healthy controls included in 15 retrieved studies was analyzed. The patient population included 1,219 patients classified as APS according to the Sidney criteria, 285 patients with isolated persistently positive antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) and 1,397 patients with a clinical suspicion of APS. Twelve studies, including 1,888 patients, analyzed the association between aPS/PT antibodies and thrombosis. We observed a statistically significant association between aPS/PT IgG/IgM positivity and thrombotic events (mean odds ratio [OR]: 6.8 [95% CI: 3.18-16.4], < 0.05), confirmed when analyzing aPS/PT IgG (mean OR: 6.7 [95% CI: 3.04-21.6], < 0.05) and aPS/PT IgM (mean OR: 4.35 [95% CI: 1.54-17.77], 0.05) separately. Seven studies, including 1,388 patients, evaluated the association between aPS/PT antibodies and PM. When pooled together, we found a statistically significant association between any PM and aPS/PT IgG/IgM positivity (mean OR: 10.6 [95% CI: 3.54-35.38], 0.05), particularly aPS/PT IgG positivity (mean OR: 6.7 [95% CI: 3.04-21.6], 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Our results highlight the strong association between aPS/PT and the clinical manifestations of APS. With the available level of evidence, aPS/PT testing can be considered as a robust test applicable in the investigation of patients suspected for APS, also beyond the research settings.
Topics: Animals; Antiphospholipid Syndrome; Autoantibodies; Humans; Phosphatidylserines; Prothrombin; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Thrombosis
PubMed: 32185783
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1705115 -
Cells May 2021Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), usually found and isolated from the T cell zone of lymph nodes, have recently been described as much more than simple structural...
Fibroblastic reticular cells (FRCs), usually found and isolated from the T cell zone of lymph nodes, have recently been described as much more than simple structural cells. Originally, these cells were described to form a conduit system called the "reticular fiber network" and for being responsible for transferring the lymph fluid drained from tissues through afferent lymphatic vessels to the T cell zone. However, nowadays, these cells are described as being capable of secreting several cytokines and chemokines and possessing the ability to interfere with the immune response, improving it, and also controlling lymphocyte proliferation. Here, we performed a systematic review of the several methods employed to investigate the mechanisms used by fibroblastic reticular cells to control the immune response, as well as their ability in determining the fate of T cells. We searched articles indexed and published in the last five years, between 2016 and 2020, in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane, following the PRISMA guidelines. We found 175 articles published in the literature using our searching strategies, but only 24 articles fulfilled our inclusion criteria and are discussed here. Other articles important in the built knowledge of FRCs were included in the introduction and discussion. The studies selected for this review used different strategies in order to access the contribution of FRCs to different mechanisms involved in the immune response: 21% evaluated viral infection in this context, 13% used a model of autoimmunity, 8% used a model of GvHD or cancer, 4% used a model of Ischemic-reperfusion injury (IRI). Another four studies just targeted a particular signaling pathway, such as MHC II expression, FRC microvesicles, FRC secretion of IL-15, FRC network, or ablation of the lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-producing ectoenzyme autotaxin. In conclusion, our review shows the strategies used by several studies to isolate and culture fibroblastic reticular cells, the models chosen by each one, and dissects their main findings and implications in homeostasis and disease.
Topics: Animals; Autoimmunity; Cell Proliferation; Cytokines; Fibroblasts; Homeostasis; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Lymph; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Vessels; Lymphocytes; Lysophospholipids; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred NOD; Neoplasms; Reticulin; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 34068712
DOI: 10.3390/cells10051150 -
Journal of Periodontal Research Aug 2023The purpose of this meta-analysis was to look at the differences in oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers between type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic periodontitis (DMCP)... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this meta-analysis was to look at the differences in oxidative stress (OS) biomarkers between type 2 diabetes mellitus with chronic periodontitis (DMCP) and chronic periodontitis (CP) patients.
BACKGROUND
Oxidative stress has been shown to be a key pathogenic component in DMCP. However, it is unclear whether oxidative stress levels differ in periodontitis patients with or without diabetes.
METHOD
A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases. Studies of DMCP participants were used as the experimental group and CP participants were used as the control group. Results are expressed as mean effects.
RESULTS
Of a total of 1989 articles, 19 met the inclusion criteria. We found the levels of catalase (CAT) levels were reduced in the DMCP group compared with the CP group. However, there was no significant difference in the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) malondialdehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) between the two groups. And high heterogeneity was observed in some of the studies evaluated.
CONCLUSION
Despite the limitations of this study, our results support the theory that there is an association between T2DM and the levels of OS-related biomarkers, especially CAT, in CP subjects, suggesting that OS plays an important role in the pathogenesis and development of DMCP.
Topics: Humans; Chronic Periodontitis; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine; Oxidative Stress; Antioxidants; Superoxide Dismutase; Biomarkers; Glutathione; Malondialdehyde
PubMed: 37282784
DOI: 10.1111/jre.13136 -
Rheumatology (Oxford, England) Nov 2015To systematically review and establish the prevalence of antibody positivity in assays not currently included in the APS classification criteria to detect antibodies... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review and establish the prevalence of antibody positivity in assays not currently included in the APS classification criteria to detect antibodies directed against other phospholipids (PLs), PL binding proteins, coagulation factors and a mechanistic test for resistance of Annexin A5 (AnxA5) anticoagulant activity in APS and control populations.
METHODS
We searched PubMed and EMBASE using the key words APS, antiphospholipid antibodies, non-criteria, new assays, IgA anticardiolipin antibodies, lupus anticoagulant, anti-Domain I, IgA anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibodies, antiphosphatidylserine, anti-phosphatidylethanolamine, anti-phosphatidic acid, antiprothrombin, antiphosphatidylserine-prothtombin, anti-vimentin/cardiolipin complex and Annexin A5 resistance. Studies that met inclusion criteria to describe prevalence of non-criteria aPLs in APS patients (n > 10), disease and healthy control subjects were systematically examined.
RESULTS
We selected 16 retrospective studies of 1404 APS patients, 1839 disease control and 797 healthy controls. The highest prevalence of non-criteria aPLs in the largest number of patients with APS was found in IgA anti-β2GPI studies (129/229, 56.3%), AnxA5R (87/163, 53.4%) and IgG anti-Domain I (241/548, 44.0%).
CONCLUSION
Our finding of a significantly high prevalence of all non-criteria aPLs studied in patients with APS compared with controls was tempered by wide variation in sample size, retrospective collection, assay methodology and different determination of positivity. Therefore, prospective studies of sufficient size and appropriate methodology are required to evaluate the significance of these assays and their utility in the management of patients with APS.
Topics: Annexin A5; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; Antiphospholipid Syndrome; Case-Control Studies; Humans; Immunoglobulin A; Immunoglobulin G; Phospholipids; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; beta 2-Glycoprotein I
PubMed: 26152548
DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kev226 -
Thrombosis Research Oct 2022
Meta-Analysis
Role of anti-phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies in antiphospholipid syndrome: Still matter of debate. Comment on: "Prevalence of aPhosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies and association with antiphospholipid antibody profiles in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome: A systematic review...
Topics: Antibodies, Antiphospholipid; Antiphospholipid Syndrome; Humans; Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor; Phosphatidylserines; Prevalence; Prothrombin
PubMed: 36057166
DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2022.08.012 -
The British Journal of Nutrition Dec 2019Little is known about the association between dietary choline intake and mortality. We evaluated the link between choline consumption and overall as well as... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Dietary choline is positively related to overall and cause-specific mortality: results from individuals of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and pooling prospective data.
Little is known about the association between dietary choline intake and mortality. We evaluated the link between choline consumption and overall as well as cause-specific mortality by using both individual data and pooling prospective studies by meta-analysis and systematic review. Furthermore, adjusted means of cardiometabolic risk factors across choline intake quartiles were calculated. Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1999-2010) were collected. Adjusted Cox regression was performed to determine the risk ratio (RR) and 95 % CI, as well as random-effects models and generic inverse variance methods to synthesise quantitative and pooling data, followed by a leave-one-out method for sensitivity analysis. After adjustments, we found that individuals consuming more choline had worse lipid profile and glucose homeostasis, but lower C-reactive protein levels (P < 0·001 for all comparisons) with no significant differences in anthropometric parameters and blood pressure. Multivariable Cox regression models revealed that individuals in the highest quartile (Q4) of choline consumption had a greater risk of total (23 %), CVD (33 %) and stroke (30 %) mortality compared with the first quartile (Q1) (P < 0·001 for all comparison). These results were confirmed in a meta-analysis, showing that choline intake was positively and significantly associated with overall (RR 1·12, 95 % CI 1·08, 1·17, I2 = 2·9) and CVD (RR 1·28, 95 % CI 1·17, 1·39, I2 = 9·6) mortality risk. In contrast, the positive association between choline consumption and stroke mortality became non-significant (RR 1·18, 95 % CI 0·97, 1·43, P = 0·092, I2 = 1·1). Our findings shed light on the potential adverse effects of choline intake on selected cardiometabolic risk factors and mortality risk.
Topics: Adult; Blood Glucose; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Choline; Diet; Ethnicity; Female; Glycerophospholipids; Humans; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Mortality; Nutrition Surveys; Odds Ratio; Socioeconomic Factors; Stroke
PubMed: 31288869
DOI: 10.1017/S0007114519001065 -
Soft Matter Jul 2021Membrane lipid composition is often quoted within the literature, but with very little insight into how or why these compositions vary when compared to other biological...
Membrane lipid composition is often quoted within the literature, but with very little insight into how or why these compositions vary when compared to other biological membranes. One prominent area that lacks understanding in terms of rationale for lipid variability is the human gastro-intestinal tract (GIT). We have carried out a comprehensive systematic literature search to ascertain the key lipid components of epithelial membranes, with a particular focus on addressing the human GIT and to use compositional data to understand structural aspects of biological membranes. Both bacterial outer membranes and the human erythrocyte membrane were used as a comparison for the mammalian [epithelial] membranes and to understand variations in lipid presence. We show that phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipid types tend to dominate (33%) with phosphatidylethanolamines (PE) and cholesterol having very similar abundances (25 and 23% respectively). This systematic review presents a detailed insight into lipid headgroup composition and roles in various membrane types, with a summary of the distinction between the major lipid bilayer forming lipids and how peripheral lipids regulate charge and fluidity. The variety of lipids present in biological membranes is discussed and rationalised in terms function as well as cellular position.
Topics: Animals; Erythrocyte Membrane; Humans; Lipid Bilayers; Membrane Lipids; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines
PubMed: 34212942
DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00703c -
Journal of Alternative and... Apr 2021To examine the evidence for efficacy of phosphatidylserine for symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Medline, Cochrane Library, and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
To examine the evidence for efficacy of phosphatidylserine for symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Medline, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from inception through August 2020. Studies of any design that assessed phosphatidylserine supplementation for children aged ≤18 years with a diagnosis of ADHD were included in the systematic review; only randomized clinical trials were included in the meta-analysis. Standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated, and the heterogeneity of the studies was estimated using . The overall quality of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation tool. Four studies met the inclusion criteria for the narrative review ( = 344) and three for the meta-analysis ( = 216). Results of the meta-analysis showed a statistically significant effect of 200-300 mg/day of phosphatidylserine on symptoms of inattention relative to placebo (effect size [ES] 0.36; 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.64; = 0.01). The effects of phosphatidylserine on overall symptoms of ADHD (ES 0.76; 95% CI: -0.07 to 1.60; = 0.07) and hyperactivity-impulsivity (ES 0.24; 95% CI: -0.04 to 0.53; = 0.09) were not statistically significant. Preliminary evidence suggests that phosphatidylserine may be effective for reducing symptoms of inattention in children with ADHD, although the quality of the evidence is low and additional research in this area is warranted.
Topics: Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Integrative Medicine; Phosphatidylserines; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 33539192
DOI: 10.1089/acm.2020.0432