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Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Jan 2024As aluminum nanoparticles (Al-NPs) are widely used in our daily life and various industries, Al-NPs has been becoming an emerging pollution in the environment. The... (Review)
Review
As aluminum nanoparticles (Al-NPs) are widely used in our daily life and various industries, Al-NPs has been becoming an emerging pollution in the environment. The impact of this NP has been attracting more and more attention from the scientific communities. In this review, we systematically summarized the interactions, uptake, and transport of Al-NPs in the plant system. Al-NPs can enter plants through different pathways and accumulate in various tissues, leading to alter plant growth and development. Al-NPs also affected root, shoot, and leaf characteristics as well as changing nutrient uptake and distribution and inducing oxidative stress via excess reactive radical generation, thereby impairing plant defense systems. Additionally, Al-NPs altered gene expression, which involved in various signaling pathways and metabolic processes in plants, that further altered plants susceptible or tolerant to stressors. The review also emphasized the effects of Al-NP size, surface charge, concentration, and exposure duration on plant growth and development. In the future, more research should be focused on mechanisms underlying Al-NPs phytotoxicity and potential risk to humans and off-target species.
Topics: Humans; Aluminum; Plant Development; Artesunate; Biological Transport; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 37931678
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122875 -
Photodermatology, Photoimmunology &... Mar 2022Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are still widely used and are available to purchase without prescription in some countries. Awareness of adverse cutaneous drug...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) are still widely used and are available to purchase without prescription in some countries. Awareness of adverse cutaneous drug reactions is essential.
METHOD
We reported a case of photo-distributed hyperpigmentation due to imipramine and carried out a systematic search of the related articles using the search terms "tricyclic antidepressants" or "tricyclic antidepressive agents", and "hyperpigmentation" or "photosensitivity disorder". Fifty non-duplicate citations were identified of which 28 articles which were independently assessed in full. The review was registered in PROSPERO, CRD42018107338.
RESULTS
The remaining 25 articles met our inclusion criteria. Photo-distributed hyperpigmentation tricyclic antidepressant-induced photosensitivity reactions (TIPs) was the most common presentation. In 21 cases, this presented as an asymptomatic discolouration of exposed sites. Imipramine (81%), amitriptyline (9.5%), desipramine hydrochloride (4.8%) and mirtazapine (4.8%) were reported to be the culprit drugs. Nineteen were female with a mean age at presentation of 55 years. Mean duration from commencing the culprit drug until the development of discolouration was 10.4 years. Mean daily dose was 222.7 mg for imipramine. Histology was characteristic with golden-brown or brownish granules deposited in dermis. Staining for Masson-Fontana and MEL-5 was positive in all cases. Phototesting had not been done in cases prior to ours (negative 3 months after discontinuation of imipramine). Three further reports of suspected TIP presented with non-specific and eczematous eruption. The two presentations were reported along with systemic problems (thrombocytopenia and hepatic injury).
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review highlights the characteristic features of exposed site hyperpigmentation of TCA-induced photosensitivity occurring after prolonged drug exposure in many cases.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Female; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Imipramine; Photosensitivity Disorders; Skin
PubMed: 34358364
DOI: 10.1111/phpp.12724 -
Anti-cancer Agents in Medicinal... 2022Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic intervention that can be applied to cancer treatment. The interaction between a photosensitizer (PS), ideal wavelength...
BACKGROUND
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a therapeutic intervention that can be applied to cancer treatment. The interaction between a photosensitizer (PS), ideal wavelength radiation, and tissue molecular oxygen triggers a series of photochemical reactions responsible for producing reactive oxygen species. These highly reactive species can decrease proliferation and induce tumor cell death. The search for PS of natural origin extracted from plants becomes relevant, as they have photoactivation capacity, preferentially targeting tumor cells and because they do not present any or little toxicity to healthy cells.
OBJECTIVE
Our work aimed to carry out a qualitative systematic review to investigate the effects of curcumin (CUR), a molecule considered as PS of natural origin, on PDT, using red light or near-infrared radiation in tumor models.
METHODS
A systematic search was performed in three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) using the PICOT method, retrieving a total of 1,373 occurrences. At the end of the peer screening, 25 eligible articles were included in this systematic review using inclusion, exclusion, and eligibility criteria.
RESULTS
CUR, whether in its free state, associated with metal complexes or other PS and in a nanocarrier system, was considered a relevant PS for PDT using red light or near-infrared against tumoral models in vitro and in vivo, acting by increasing cytotoxicity, inhibiting proliferation, inducing cell death mainly by apoptosis, and changing oxidative parameters.
CONCLUSION
The results found in this systematic review suggest the potential use of CUR as a PS of natural origin to be applied in PDT against many neoplasms, encouraging further search in PDT against cancer and serving as an investigative basis for upcoming pre-clinical and clinical applications.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Curcumin; Humans; Light; Neoplasms; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents
PubMed: 35469576
DOI: 10.2174/1871520622666220425093657 -
Pediatric Dermatology 2024Pediatric dermatitis and nonaccidental trauma (NAT) may have overlapping cutaneous presentations, posing a risk of misdiagnosis and subsequent emotional distress and...
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Pediatric dermatitis and nonaccidental trauma (NAT) may have overlapping cutaneous presentations, posing a risk of misdiagnosis and subsequent emotional distress and further harm. Through a systematic literature review, we reviewed pediatric (<18 years old) patients investigated for both dermatitis and NAT.
METHODS
EMBASE and MEDLINE databases were searched. English publications with original data involving pediatric patients investigated for both dermatitis and NAT were included. Nonhuman studies and incomplete articles/conference abstracts were excluded. Data extracted included the first author, year of publication, study design, participant count, sex of the population, age of the population, cutaneous presentation, timing of presentation, Child Protective Services involvement, and case relation to dermatitis and NAT.
RESULTS
This review included 21 case reports or series encompassing 29 patients. Among 26 patients initially investigated as NAT (26.9% involving Child Protective Services), final diagnoses included irritant contact dermatitis (53.8%), phytophotodermatitis (30.8%), allergic contact dermatitis (7.7%), perianal infectious dermatitis (3.8%), and atopic dermatitis (3.8%). Three patients initially diagnosed with nontraumatic dermatitis were later found to be victims of physical (2/3; 66.7%) or sexual abuse (1/3; 33.3%).
CONCLUSIONS
Effective history-taking and physical examinations should encompass a history of laxative use, contact with furocoumarin-containing plants/fruit, parallel family/peer cutaneous presentations, caregiver involvement, financial burden, patient discomfort, birthmark assessment, and lesions aligning with diaper borders or toilet seats. Limitations of this review include potential underreporting and the inclusion of low-quality study designs and evidence.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Child Abuse; Laxatives; Dermatitis, Phototoxic; Dermatitis, Atopic; Diagnostic Errors
PubMed: 38400817
DOI: 10.1111/pde.15556 -
JAMA Dermatology Mar 2019Phototherapy is one of the mainstays of treatment for early mycosis fungoides (MF). The most common modalities are psoralen-UV-A (PUVA) and narrowband UV-B (NBUVB). (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
IMPORTANCE
Phototherapy is one of the mainstays of treatment for early mycosis fungoides (MF). The most common modalities are psoralen-UV-A (PUVA) and narrowband UV-B (NBUVB).
OBJECTIVE
To compare the efficacy and adverse effects of PUVA vs NBUVB in early-stage MF.
DATA SOURCES
A systematic review was performed by searching Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Ovid Medline, PubMed, Cochrane Library, American College of Physicians ACP Journal Club, and Database of Abstracts of Review of Effectiveness from inception to March 30, 2018. UV A, PUVA, mycosis fungoides, Sézary syndrome, cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, UV B, and UVB were used as either key words or MeSH terms.
STUDY SELECTION
Studies of cohorts with histologically confirmed early-stage MF, defined as stages IA, IB, and IIA, that compared PUVA vs NBUVB, had at least 10 patients in each comparator group, and reported outcomes of response to therapy. Exclusion criteria were studies with patients with stage IIB or higher MF, pediatric patients, fewer than 10 in each comparator group, noncomparative studies, case reports, and abstract studies.
DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline was followed. Data were pooled using a random-effects model with odds ratio (OR) as effect size.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Main outcomes were complete response rate, partial response rate, disease recurrence, and adverse effects, including erythema, nausea, pruritus, phototoxic effects, dyspepsia, and pain.
RESULTS
Seven studies were included with a total of 778 patients (405 of 724 [55.9%] men; mean age, 52 years); 527 were treated with PUVA and 251 with NBUVB. Most of the included studies were of poor to moderate quality. Any response was found in 479 of the 527 (90.9%) patients treated with PUVA vs 220 of 251 (87.6%) treated with NBUVB (OR, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.84-2.34; P = .20). Complete response was found in 389 of 527 (73.8%) patients who received PUVA vs 156 of 251 (62.2%) who received NBUVB, which was statistically significant (OR, 1.68; 95% CI, 1.02-2.76; P = .04). Partial response was similar (90 of 501 [18.0%] vs 64 of 233 [27.5%]; OR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.33-1.04; P = .07). No significant difference was found between PUVA and NBUVB in terms of adverse effects of erythema (38 of 527 [7.2%] vs 17 of 251 [6.7%]; P = .54), nausea (10 of 527 [1.9%] vs 3 of 251 [1.2%]; P = .72), pruritus (2 of 527 [0.4%] vs 4 of 251 [1.7%]; P = .26), phototoxic effects (7 of 527 [1.4%] vs 2 of 251 [0.9%]; P = .72), dyspepsia (6 of 527 [1.2%] vs 0 of 251 [0%]; P = .59), or pain (0 of 527 [0%] vs 2 of 251 [0.9%]; P = .50).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
The findings suggest that PUVA is a potential alternative to NBUVB in the management of early-stage MF. These findings have implications for clinicians involved in the management of early-stage MF.
Topics: Aged; Female; Ficusin; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mycosis Fungoides; PUVA Therapy; Prognosis; Skin Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome; Ultraviolet Therapy
PubMed: 30698622
DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2018.5204 -
Phytomedicine : International Journal... Jul 2019Photoactivity, though known for centuries, is only recently shifting back into focus as a treatment option against cancer and microbial infections. The external factor...
BACKGROUND
Photoactivity, though known for centuries, is only recently shifting back into focus as a treatment option against cancer and microbial infections. The external factor light is the ingenious key-component of this therapy: Since light activates the drug locally, a high level of selectivity is reached and side effects are avoided. The first reported photoactive medicines were plant extracts. Synthetic entities (so-called photosensitizers PSs), however, paved the route towards the clinical approval of the so-called photodynamic therapy (PDT), and thus natural PSs took a backseat in the past.
HYPOTHESIS
Many isolated bioactive phytochemicals hold a hidden photoactive potential, which is overlooked due to the reduced common awareness of photoactivity.
METHODS
A systematic review of reported natural PSs and their supposed medicinal application was conducted by employing PubMed, Scifinder, and Web of Science. The identified photoactive natural products were compiled including information about their natural sources, their photoyield, and their pharmacological application. Furthermore, the common chemical scaffolds of natural PS are shown to enable the reader to recognize potentially overlooked natural PSs.
RESULTS
The literature review revealed over 100 natural PS, excluding porphyrins. The PSs were classified according to their scaffold. Thereby it was shown that some PS-scaffolds were analyzed in a detailed way, while other classes were only scarcely investigated, which leaves space for future discoveries. In addition, the literature revealed that many PSs are phytoalexins, thus the selection of the starting material significantly matters in order to find new PSs.
CONCLUSION
Photoactive principles are ubiquitous and can be found in various plant extracts. With the increasing availability of light-irradiation setups for the identification of photoactive natural products, we anticipate the discovery of many new natural PSs in the near future. With the accumulation of chemically diverse PSs, PDT itself might finally reach its clinical breakthrough as a promising alternative treatment against multi-resistant microbes and cancer types.
Topics: Biological Products; Humans; Neoplasms; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Phytochemicals; Sesquiterpenes; Phytoalexins
PubMed: 31257117
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152985 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2020Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) are regularly used in sunscreens because of their photoprotective capacity. The advantage of using TiO on the nanometer scale is...
Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO NPs) are regularly used in sunscreens because of their photoprotective capacity. The advantage of using TiO on the nanometer scale is due to its transparency and better UV blocking efficiency. Due to the greater surface area/volume ratio, NPs become more (bio)-reactive giving rise to concerns about their potential toxicity. To evaluate the irritation and corrosion of cosmetics, 3D skin models have been used as an alternative method to animal experimentation. However, it is not known if this model is appropriate to study skin irritation, corrosion and phototoxicity of nanomaterials such as TiO NPs. This systematic review (SR) proposed the following question: Can the toxicity of TiO nanoparticles be evaluated in a 3D skin model? This SR was conducted according to the Preliminary Report on Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The protocol was registered in CAMARADES and the ToxRTool evaluation was performed in order to increase the quality and transparency of this search. In this SR, 7 articles were selected, and it was concluded that the 3D skin model has shown to be promising to evaluate the toxicity of TiO NPs. However, most studies have used biological assays that have already been described as interfering with these NPs, demonstrating that misinterpretations can be obtained. This review will focus in the possible efforts that should be done in order to avoid interference of NPs with biological assays applied in 3D culture.
PubMed: 32587852
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00575