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Pharmacological Research May 2020Stachydrine is extracted from the leaves of Leonurus japonicus Houtt (or Motherwort, "Yi Mu Cao" in Traditional Chinese Medicine) and is the major bioactive ingredient....
Stachydrine is extracted from the leaves of Leonurus japonicus Houtt (or Motherwort, "Yi Mu Cao" in Traditional Chinese Medicine) and is the major bioactive ingredient. So far, stachydrine has demonstrated various bioactivities for the treatment of fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, uterine diseases, brain injuries, and inflammation. The pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of stachydrine up to 2019 have been comprehensively searched and summarized. This review provides an updated summary of recent studies on the pharmacological activities of stachydrine. Many studies have demonstrated that stachydrine has strong anti-fibrotic properties (on various types of fibrosis) by inhibiting ECM deposition and decreasing inflammatory and oxidative stress through multiple molecular mechanisms (including TGF-β, ERS-mediated apoptosis, MMPs/TIMPs, NF-κB, and JAK/STAT). The cardioprotective and vasoprotective activities of stachydrine are related to its inhibition of β-MHC, excessive autophagy, SIRT1, eNOS uncoupling and TF, promotion of SERCA, and angiogenesis. In addition to its anticancer action, regulation of the uterus, neuroprotective effects, etc. the pharmacokinetic properties of stachydrine are also discussed.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Cardiotonic Agents; Female; Fibrosis; Humans; Neuroprotective Agents; Proline; Uterus
PubMed: 32173585
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104755 -
Journal of Food Science Feb 2024This systematic review paper aims to discuss the trend in quality assessment properties and constituents of honey at different storage conditions and confer the possible... (Review)
Review
This systematic review paper aims to discuss the trend in quality assessment properties and constituents of honey at different storage conditions and confer the possible whys and wherefores associated with the significant changes. Initially, a literature search was conducted through Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Scopus databases. In total, 43 manuscripts published between 2001 and 2023 that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were chosen for the review. As an outcome of this review, prolonged honey storage could deteriorate sensory, nutritional, and antioxidant properties and promote fermentation, granulation, microbial growth, carcinogenicity, organotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity. This systematic review also recognized that diastase activity, invertase activity, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural content, proline content, sugar content, amino acids, and vitamins could be used as indicators to distinguish fresh and stored honey based on the significant test (p-value) in the reported studies. However, all the reported studies used the simplest approach (one-way ANOVA) to identify the significant differences in the analyzed parameter during the storage period and none of them reported an approach to identify the most influential parameter at different storage conditions. In conclusion, orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (supervised multivariate statistical tool) has to be employed in future studies to find the most influential parameter and could be used to potent chemical markers to distinguish fresh and stored honey because this analysis is incorporated with S-plot, variable importance of projection, and one-way ANOVA, which can produce the most accurate and precise results rather solely depending on one-way ANOVA.
Topics: Honey; Antioxidants; Carbohydrates; Amino Acids; Proline
PubMed: 38224177
DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16921 -
Shoulder & Elbow Apr 2021The EVOLVE implant (Wright Medical Technology, Arlington, TN, USA) is a modular loose-fitting radial head prosthesis. The primary objective was to synthesize all... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
The EVOLVE implant (Wright Medical Technology, Arlington, TN, USA) is a modular loose-fitting radial head prosthesis. The primary objective was to synthesize all available literature investigating the midterm clinical outcomes of the EVOLVE implant.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An electronic literature search in Pubmed/Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, and Cochrane library was performed querying for studies published in 2000-2017. Articles describing clinical and radiographical outcomes as well as reoperation were included. Outcomes of interest included range of motion, Mayo Elbow Performance Score, Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand, radiographic outcome, and reason for reoperation.
RESULTS
A total of five articles consisting of 146 patients with EVOLVE implants were included. Mean patient age was 57.4 years (range 22-84), and 43.8% were males (n = 64). Mean follow-up was 4.8 years (range 1-14). Mean Mayo Elbow Performance Score and Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand score were 87.6 (range 30-100) and 18.9 (range 0-82), respectively. Midterm clinical results were good or excellent (Mayo Elbow Performance Score > 74) in 94 patients. Reoperation was observed in 12 patients, with implant revision required in 2 patients. The primary reason for reoperation was persistent stiffness (n = 9).
CONCLUSION
Midterm outcomes of EVOLVE radial head prosthesis are satisfactory, and associated complication rates are low. Loose-fit implant method appears to be a reliable approach to avoid failure of radial head prosthesis by painful loosening.
PubMed: 33897852
DOI: 10.1177/1758573219850111 -
Journal of Medical Economics 2015To conduct a network meta-analysis (NMA) to assess the relative efficacy and safety of simeprevir, a second generation oral protease inhibitor (PI), compared to... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis Review
A network meta-analysis to compare simeprevir with boceprevir and telaprevir in combination with peginterferon-α and ribavirin in patients infected with genotype 1 Hepatitis C virus.
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a network meta-analysis (NMA) to assess the relative efficacy and safety of simeprevir, a second generation oral protease inhibitor (PI), compared to telaprevir and boceprevir in combination with pegylated interferon-α and ribavirin (PR) in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
METHODS
A systematic literature review and NMA of randomized controlled trials involving anti-virals added to PR were conducted. Electronic database searches and hand searches were conducted to identify relevant publications. Outcomes of interest included sustained virologic response (SVR), incidence of adverse events (AEs), and discontinuation due to AEs. Networks were based on treatment-, dose-, and duration-specific nodes. Sub-group analyses were conducted to investigate heterogeneity, based on Metavir scores, sub-genotypes 1a/1b, and prior response.
RESULTS
A total of 15 publications were considered for the base case of the meta-analysis. Simeprevir was associated with higher SVR rates than PR alone. Compared to telaprevir and boceprevir, SVR rates tended to be higher for simeprevir, with odds ratios ranging from 1.27 [0.81-2.00] to 2.61 [1.44-4.74] in treatment-naïve and from 1.04 [0.78-1.38] to 1.74 [0.84-3.61] in treatment-experienced patients, respectively. In terms of safety, the risks of anemia and discontinuations due to AEs were lower for simeprevir compared to PR alone, telaprevir, and boceprevir. The risk of rash was lower for simeprevir compared to telaprevir, and similar compared to PR alone and boceprevir.
CONCLUSION
This NMA in genotype 1 HCV patients suggests a similar or better efficacy and tolerability profile for simeprevir compared to telaprevir and boceprevir.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Databases, Bibliographic; Drug Therapy, Combination; Genotype; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Humans; Immunologic Factors; Interferon-alpha; Oligopeptides; Proline; Protease Inhibitors; Ribavirin; Simeprevir; Viral Load
PubMed: 25934147
DOI: 10.3111/13696998.2015.1046880 -
Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica. B Nov 2015Cysteine proteases continue to provide validated targets for treatment of human diseases. In neurodegenerative disorders, multiple cysteine proteases provide targets for... (Review)
Review
Cysteine proteases continue to provide validated targets for treatment of human diseases. In neurodegenerative disorders, multiple cysteine proteases provide targets for enzyme inhibitors, notably caspases, calpains, and cathepsins. The reactive, active-site cysteine provides specificity for many inhibitor designs over other families of proteases, such as aspartate and serine; however, a) inhibitor strategies often use covalent enzyme modification, and b) obtaining selectivity within families of cysteine proteases and their isozymes is problematic. This review provides a general update on strategies for cysteine protease inhibitor design and a focus on cathepsin B and calpain 1 as drug targets for neurodegenerative disorders; the latter focus providing an interesting query for the contemporary assumptions that irreversible, covalent protein modification and low selectivity are anathema to therapeutic safety and efficacy.
PubMed: 26713267
DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2015.08.001 -
Clinical Drug Investigation May 2018Hepatitis C treatment has changed considerably in recent years, and many interferon (IFN)-free therapies are now available. Considering the high rates of sustained... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Sustained Virological Response in Special Populations with Chronic Hepatitis C Using Interferon-Free Treatments: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Cohort Studies.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
Hepatitis C treatment has changed considerably in recent years, and many interferon (IFN)-free therapies are now available. Considering the high rates of sustained virological response (SVR) presented by clinical trials for these treatments, high rates of effectiveness are also expected in real-world clinical practice. Hence, this study aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational cohort studies to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of IFN-free therapies for hepatitis C.
METHODS
The search was performed in four electronic databases and included cohort studies that evaluated IFN-free schemes and provided data on SVR at 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12) as the primary outcome. Overall and subgroup meta-analyses of patients' clinical conditions (e.g. co-infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), cirrhosis, liver transplant, specific genotypes, and other conditions) were performed.
RESULTS
Sixty-eight studies encompassing a total of 24,151 patients were included for quantitative and qualitative analyses, evaluating six treatments: sofosbuvir with ledipasvir, daclatasvir, or simeprevir; daclatasvir with asunaprevir; paritaprevir/ritonavir in combination with ombitasvir and dasabuvir; and sofosbuvir with ribavirin. The overall analysis showed SVR rates of 88-96% for all treatments except sofosbuvir combined with ribavirin, which had SVR rates of approximately 80%. The results of subgroup analyses showed that the genotype 3 virus appears to be the most difficult to treat.
CONCLUSION
In order to choose the best treatment option, it is necessary to consider the patients' conditions and characteristics. In conclusion, the use of IFN-free therapies meets the high expectations created by clinical trials, including patients in special clinical conditions.
Topics: 2-Naphthylamine; Anilides; Antiviral Agents; Benzimidazoles; Carbamates; Cohort Studies; Cyclopropanes; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fluorenes; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Humans; Interferons; Lactams, Macrocyclic; Macrocyclic Compounds; Male; Middle Aged; Proline; Ribavirin; Ritonavir; Simeprevir; Sofosbuvir; Sulfonamides; Sustained Virologic Response; Treatment Outcome; Uracil; Valine
PubMed: 29435907
DOI: 10.1007/s40261-018-0624-6 -
Journal of Genetics and Genomics = Yi... Feb 2015Psoriasis (Ps) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are genetically complex diseases with strong genetic evidence. Recently, susceptibility genes for Ps and PsA have been... (Review)
Review
Psoriasis (Ps) and psoriatic arthritis (PsA) are genetically complex diseases with strong genetic evidence. Recently, susceptibility genes for Ps and PsA have been identified within the late cornified envelop (LCE) gene cluster, especially the cluster 3 (LCE3) genes. It is noteworthy that the deletion of LCE3B and LCE3C (LCE3C_LCE3B-del) is significantly associated with these two diseases. Gene-gene interactions between LCE3 genes and other genes are associated with Ps and PsA. LCE3 genes also have pleiotropic effect on some autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Further studies need to focus on the potential function of LCE3 genes in the pathogenesis of Ps and PsA in the future.
Topics: Arthritis, Psoriatic; Cornified Envelope Proline-Rich Proteins; Epistasis, Genetic; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Variation; Humans; Multigene Family; Psoriasis
PubMed: 25697099
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2015.01.001 -
Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual... Dec 2020Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness among the elderly, and the exact pathogenesis of the AMD remains unclear. The purpose of...
PURPOSE
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading causes of blindness among the elderly, and the exact pathogenesis of the AMD remains unclear. The purpose of this review is to summarize potential metabolic biomarkers and pathways of AMD that might facilitate risk predictions and clinical diagnoses of AMD.
METHODS
We obtained relevant publications of metabolomics studies of human beings by systematically searching the MEDLINE (PubMed) database before June 2020. Studies were included if they performed mass spectrometry-based or nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolomics approach for humans. In addition, AMD was assessed from fundus photographs based on standardized protocols. The metabolic pathway analysis was performed using MetaboAnalyst 3.0.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies were included in this review. Repeatedly identified metabolites including phenylalanine, adenosine, hypoxanthine, tyrosine, creatine, citrate, carnitine, proline, and maltose have the possibility of being biomarkers of AMD. Validation of the biomarker panels was observed in one study. Dysregulation of metabolic pathways involves lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and translation, which might play important roles in the development and progression of AMD.
CONCLUSIONS
This review summarizes the potential metabolic biomarkers and pathways related to AMD, providing opportunities for the construction of diagnostic or predictive models for AMD and the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
Topics: Biomarkers; Humans; Macular Degeneration; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolomics; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33315052
DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.14.13 -
Pharmacological Reports : PR Apr 2019Oxaceprol, a derivative of l-proline, is an established drug for managing osteoarthritis (OA) with better safety profile than non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
Oxaceprol, a derivative of l-proline, is an established drug for managing osteoarthritis (OA) with better safety profile than non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This systematic review and meta-analysis, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, evaluated the efficacy, safety and tolerability of oxaceprol in OA. Electronic databases for published and grey (unpublished) literature were searched to identify parallel-group randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the impact of oxaceprol in patients with OA. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane collaboration's tool. A total of seven parallel-group RCTs involving 1087 participants were included in the systematic review. Meta-analysis, in Review Manager, demonstrated numerically greater/significant improvements compared to active control [diclofenac/ibuprofen]/placebo in pain and function of joint; similar improvement vs. active control in global treatment efficacy; no difference/significant difference vs. active control/placebo in NSAIDs as rescue medication. Treatment with oxaceprol showed numerically less adverse events (AEs) than active control (diclofenac: risk ratio [RR], 0.71; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45 to 1.11; p=0.14: ibuprofen: RR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.30 to 1.78; p=0.49) and significantly fewer AEs compared to placebo (RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.63 to 0.92; p=0.004). Given the nature of small-to-moderate sample size and short duration of eligible studies, the available clinical evidence of oxaceprol in the management of OA is modest - though looks promising. New and better RCTs with larger sample size and longer follow-up are warranted to strengthen the use of oxaceprol in clinical setting for managing OA.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antirheumatic Agents; Diclofenac; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Ibuprofen; Osteoarthritis; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sample Size
PubMed: 30851540
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.12.010 -
Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism Mar 2022
Meta-Analysis
Efficacy and safety of efpeglenatide in adults with obesity and its associated metabolic disturbance: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Obesity; Proline; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 34766431
DOI: 10.1111/dom.14602