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Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and... Jul 2022The effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on cardiovascular risk modification in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on cardiovascular risk modification in type 2 diabetes and related complications remain unclear. We aim to assess the published effects of n-3 PUFA interventions on lipid risk factors in type 2 diabetes.
METHODS
We searched the literature on Pubmed, Embase, CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases in order to perform a pooled analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing n-3 PUFA interventions in type 2 diabetes. The primary outcomes analyzed were the effect of n -3 PUFAs on metabolic biomarkers in type 2 diabetes.
RESULTS
46 RCTs involving 4991 patients with type 2 diabetes were identified for further analysis. Analysis of results showed that n-3 PUFAs interventions significantly improved total cholesterol (TC, WMD = -0.22; 95% CI: -0.32∼ -0.11), triglyceride (TG,WMD = -0.36; 95% CI: -0.48∼-0.25), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C,WMD = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02∼ 0.08), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, WMD = -0.19; 95% CI: -0.31∼-0.06) and C-reactive protein (CRP,WMD = -0.40; 95% CI: -0.74∼-0.07) levels compared to controls (p < 0.05). There was no significant effect on renal function, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), adiponectin and leptin (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this systematic review suggest that n-3 PUFAs can improve cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: C-Reactive Protein; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Humans
PubMed: 35717726
DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102456 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Mar 2016Supplementary oxygen is routinely administered to low-risk pregnant women during an elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia; however, maternal and foetal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Supplementary oxygen is routinely administered to low-risk pregnant women during an elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia; however, maternal and foetal outcomes have not been well established. This is an update of a review first published in 2013.
OBJECTIVES
The primary objective was to determine whether supplementary oxygen given to low-risk term pregnant women undergoing elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia can prevent maternal and neonatal desaturation. The secondary objective was to compare the mean values of maternal and neonatal blood gas levels between mothers who received supplementary oxygen and those who did not (control group).
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2014, issue 11), MEDLINE (1948 to November 2014) and EMBASE (1980 to November 2014). The original search was first performed in February 2012. We reran the search in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, EMBASE in February 2016. One potential new study of interest was added to the list of 'Studies awaiting Classification' and will be incorporated into the formal review findings during the next review update.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of low-risk pregnant women undergoing an elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia and compared outcomes with, and without, oxygen supplementation.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently extracted data, assessed methodological quality and performed subgroup and sensitivity analyses.
MAIN RESULTS
We found one new included study in this updated version. In total, our updated review includes 11 trials (with 753 participants). The low quality of evidence showed no significant differences in average Apgar scores at one minute (N = six trials, 519 participants; 95% confidence (CI) -0.16 to 0.31, P = 0.53) and at five minutes (N = six trials, 519 participants; 95% CI -0.06 to 0.06, P = 0.98). None of the 11 trials reported maternal desaturation. The very low quality of evidence showed that in comparison to room air, women in labour receiving supplementary oxygen had higher maternal oxygen saturation (N = three trials, 209 participants), maternal PaO2 (oxygen pressure in the blood; N = six trials, 241 participants), UaPO2 (foetal umbilical arterial blood; N = eight trials, 504 participants; 95% CI 1.8 to 4.9, P < 0.0001) and UvPO2 (foetal umbilical venous blood; N = 10 trials, 683 participants). There was high heterogeneity among these outcomes. A subgroup analysis showed no significant difference in UaPO2 between the two intervention groups in low-risk studies, whereas the high-risk studies showed a benefit for the neonatal oxygen group.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Overall, we found no convincing evidence that giving supplementary oxygen to healthy term pregnant women during elective caesarean section under regional anaesthesia is either beneficial or harmful for either the mother or the foetus' short-term clinical outcome as assessed by Apgar scores. Although, there were significant higher maternal and neonatal blood gas values and markers of free radicals when extra oxygen was given, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the low grade quality of the evidence.
Topics: Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Apgar Score; Biomarkers; Cesarean Section; Dinoprost; Elective Surgical Procedures; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Malondialdehyde; Oxygen; Pregnancy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 26982519
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006161.pub3 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2023Arachidonic acid (AA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that is involved in male fertility. Human seminal fluid contains different prostaglandins: PGE (PGE and PGE), PGF,... (Review)
Review
Arachidonic acid (AA) is a polyunsaturated fatty acid that is involved in male fertility. Human seminal fluid contains different prostaglandins: PGE (PGE and PGE), PGF, and their specific 19-hydroxy derivatives, 18,19-dehydro derivatives of PGE and PGE. The objective of this study is to synthesize the available literature of in vivo animal studies and human clinical trials on the association between the AA pathway and male fertility. PGE is significantly decreased in the semen of infertile men, suggesting the potential for exploitation of PGE agonists to improve male fertility. Indeed, ibuprofen can affect male fertility by promoting alterations in sperm function and standard semen parameters. The results showed that targeting the AA pathways could be an attractive strategy for the treatment of male fertility.
Topics: Animals; Male; Humans; Semen; Arachidonic Acid; Prostaglandins E; Prostaglandins; Fertility
PubMed: 37175913
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098207 -
BMC Medical Genetics Aug 2017Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a group of vascular diseases that produce right ventricular dysfunction, heart failure syndrome, and death. Although the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a group of vascular diseases that produce right ventricular dysfunction, heart failure syndrome, and death. Although the majority of patients appear idiopathic, accumulated research work combined with current sequencing technology show that many gene variants could be an important component of the disease. However, current guidelines, clinical practices, and available gene panels focus the diagnosis of PAH on a relatively low number of genes and variants associated with the bone morphogenic proteins and transforming Growth Factor-β pathways, such as the BMPR2, ACVRL1, CAV1, ENG, and SMAD9.
METHODS
To provide an expanded view of the genes and variants associated with PAH, we performed a systematic literature review. Facilitated by a web tool, we classified, curated, and annotated most of the genes and PubMed abstracts related to PAH, in which many of the mutations and variants were not annotated in public databases such as ClinVar from NCBI. The gene list generated was compared with other available tests.
RESULTS
Our results reveal that there is genetic evidence for at least 30 genes, of which 21 genes shown specific mutations. Most of the genes are not covered by current available genetic panels. Many of these variants were not annotated in the ClinVar database and a mapping of these mutations suggest that next generation sequencing is needed to cover all mutations found in PAH or related diseases. A pathway analysis of these genes indicated that, in addition to the BMP and TGFβ pathways, there was connections with the nitric oxide, prostaglandin, and calcium homeostasis signalling, which may be important components in PAH.
CONCLUSION
Our systematic review proposes an expanded gene panel for more accurate characterization of the genetic incidence and risk in PAH. Their usage would increase the knowledge of PAH in terms of genetic counseling, early diagnosis, and potential prognosis of the disease.
Topics: Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Databases, Genetic; Humans; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Mutation; Risk; Signal Transduction; Transforming Growth Factor beta
PubMed: 28768485
DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0440-5 -
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and... Nov 2021The relationship between omega-3 index and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. It is unclear if the change of omega-3 index will affect T2D. Aiming of the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
The relationship between omega-3 index and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is not well established. It is unclear if the change of omega-3 index will affect T2D. Aiming of the present systematic review was to elucidate the correlation between omega-3 index and T2D.
METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN
A comprehensive search on PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science (from 1948 to May 2021) was conducted. The overall effect size (standard mean difference) was combined using a random-effect model.
RESULTS
Eight eligible case-control studies were identified, and there were 1,357 patients with T2D and 1,616 non-diabetic controls. The result showed that the omega-3 index was significantly lower in diabetic cases than that in controls (SMD= -1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): -1.40, -1.22), but with significant heterogeneity (I = 99.0%). In subgroup analysis based on race, a negative correlation was found in Asians (SMD = -1.71; 95% CI: -1.82, -1.60), and heterogeneity was substantially decreased (I=0).
CONCLUSIONS
omega-3 index is negatively correlated with T2D, which indicated that increased dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids might have beneficial on T2D prevention.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Case-Control Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dietary Supplements; Eating; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic
PubMed: 34740031
DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2021.102361 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2015Hypertension and diabetes are clinical conditions which contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease as well as risk factors for cardiovascular events. In... (Review)
Review
Hypertension and diabetes are clinical conditions which contribute to the development of chronic kidney disease as well as risk factors for cardiovascular events. In recent years, lipocalin-type-prostaglandin-D-synthase (beta trace protein; BTP) has increasingly been studied as an alternative to creatinine for the evaluation of renal function as well as for being a possible biomarker for cardiovascular disease. It is expected that the levels of BTP in patients with cardiovascular disease are elevated, as is the case with patients with renal dysfunction. The objective of this study is to realize a systematic review of the pertinent literature in respect to BTP as a biomarker of renal dysfunction in diabetic patients. Using the database MEDLINE, a search up to year 2014 was conducted using the follow descriptors: "lipocalin type prostaglandin d synthase" AND "diabetes"; "lipocalin type prostaglandin d synthase" and "diabetic nephropathy"; "beta trace protein" AND "diabetes"; "beta trace protein" AND "diabetic nephropathy". The criteria used for inclusion were the presence of the referring to terms in title or abstract and study conducted in humans. About 17 articles were selected, of which six articles were duplicates, and of which six articles did not investigate any possible relationship between the protein (BTP) and either diabetes or nephropathy. The final result yielded five articles to be analyzed. This review found BTP is not influenced by race, by body mass index nor by patient's sex. BTP can be considered as a reliable early biomarker of renal dysfunction in diabetics. BTP is associated with metabolic syndrome and is also associated with greater cardiovascular risk. Prospective data establishing a correlation between BTP and mortality would have been of great interest, but such articles were not found in this review.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Early Diagnosis; Humans; Intramolecular Oxidoreductases; Kidney; Kidney Function Tests; Lipocalins; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Factors
PubMed: 26124640
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S82100 -
Endocrine Reviews May 2024Carcinoid syndrome (CS) is a debilitating disease that affects approximately 20% of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN). Due to the increasing incidence and... (Review)
Review
Carcinoid syndrome (CS) is a debilitating disease that affects approximately 20% of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms (NEN). Due to the increasing incidence and improved overall survival of patients with NEN over recent decades, patients are increasingly suffering from chronic and refractory CS symptoms. At present, symptom control is hampered by an incomplete understanding of the pathophysiology of this syndrome. This systematic review is the first to critically appraise the available evidence for the various hormonal mediators considered to play a causative role in CS. Overall, evidence for the putative mediators of CS was scarce and often of poor quality. Based on the available literature, data are only sufficient to agree on the role of serotonin as a mediator of CS-associated diarrhea and fibrosis. A direct role for tachykinins and an indirect role of catecholamines in the pathogenesis of CS is suggested by several studies. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to link histamine, bradykinin, kallikrein, prostaglandins, or motilin to CS. To summarize, available literature only sufficiently appoints serotonin and suggests a role for tachykinins and catecholamines as mediators of CS, with insufficient evidence for other putative mediators. Descriptions of CS should be revised to focus on these proven hormonal associations to be more accurate, and further research is needed into other potential mediators.
Topics: Humans; Malignant Carcinoid Syndrome; Serotonin; Catecholamines; Tachykinins
PubMed: 38038364
DOI: 10.1210/endrev/bnad035 -
Redox Biology May 2020Oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF). This review aimed to quantify CF-related redox imbalances. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF). This review aimed to quantify CF-related redox imbalances.
METHODS
Systematic searches of the Medline, CINAHL, CENTRAL and PsycINFO databases were conducted. Mean content of blood biomarkers from people with clinically-stable CF and non-CF controls were used to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
RESULTS
Forty-nine studies were eligible for this review including a total of 1792 people with CF and 1675 controls. Meta-analysis revealed that protein carbonyls (SMD: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.48 to 1.77), total F-isoprostane 8-iso-prostaglandin F (SMD: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.23 to 1.05) and malondialdehyde (SMD: 1.34, 95% CI: 0.30 to 2.39) were significantly higher, and vitamins A (SMD: -0.66, 95% CI -1.14 to -0.17) and E (SMD: -0.74, 95% CI: -1.28 to -0.20), β-carotene (SMD: -1.80, 95% CI: -2.92 to -0.67), lutein (SMD: -1.52, 95% CI: -1.83 to -1.20) and albumin (SMD: -0.98, 95% CI: -1.68 to -0.27) were significantly lower in the plasma or serum of people with CF versus controls.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review and meta-analysis found good evidence for reduced antioxidant capacity and elevated oxidative stress in people with clinically-stable CF.
Topics: Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Vitamins
PubMed: 32044291
DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101436 -
Advances in Medical Sciences Mar 2018Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by the production of eicosanoids, cytokines, adhesion molecules, infiltration of T and B lymphocytes in the synovium and oxygen... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Rheumatoid arthritis is characterized by the production of eicosanoids, cytokines, adhesion molecules, infiltration of T and B lymphocytes in the synovium and oxygen reduction accompanied by the cartilage degradation. Eicosanoids are responsible for the progressive destruction of cartilage and bone, however neither steroids, nor the non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), cannot slow down cartilage and bone destruction providing only symptomatic improvement. The current rheumatoid arthritis treatment options include mainly the use of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, the corticosteroids, the NSAIDs and biological agents.
METHODS
PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase electronic database were used as the main sources for extracting several articles, reviews, original papers in English for further review and analysis on the implication of arachidonic acid metabolites with rheumatoid arthritis and different strategies of targeting arachidonic acid metabolites, different enzymes or receptors for improving the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients.
RESULTS
We first focused on the role of individual prostaglandins and leukotrienes, in the inflammatory process of arthritis, concluding with an outline of the current clinical situation of rheumatoid arthritis and novel treatment strategies targeting the arachidonic acid pathway.
CONCLUSIONS
Extended research is necessary for the development of these novel compounds targeting the eicosanoid pathway, by increasing the levels of anti-inflammatory eicosanoids (PGD,15dPGJ), by inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids (PGE, LTB, PGI) involved in rheumatoid arthritis or also by developing dual compounds displaying both the COX-2 inhibitor/TP antagonist activity within a single compound.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Eicosanoids; Humans; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolome
PubMed: 28818745
DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2017.06.004 -
Andrologia May 2019Ibuprofen is a widely used analgesic/antipyretic medication belongs to the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory class. Even though the influence of ibuprofen on semen quality...
Ibuprofen is a widely used analgesic/antipyretic medication belongs to the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory class. Even though the influence of ibuprofen on semen quality has been investigated in various occasions, the comprehensive understanding and discussion of its impact on semen quality is still yet to be determined. In this work, we systematically review and reveal the effect of ibuprofen on semen quality, and thus on fertilising capability. To achieve this goal, we searched the main research databases (Scopus and PubMed) from 1 June 1986 through 13 October 2018 for English-language articles and abstracts using the keywords "ibuprofen" versus "semen" and "sperm". In addition, related published articles or abstracts were also discussed if relevant. Altogether, the main stream of research, from both in vitro and in vivo studies, presents an adverse effect of ibuprofen on different sperm parameters such as motility, viability, count and DNA integrity; however, such effect is not yet confirmed in humans. Mechanisms by which ibuprofen affects semen quality may be by reducing testosterone and prostaglandin synthesis, chelating zinc ions and inhibiting nitric oxide synthesis. However, further research studies, mainly clinical, are still of great importance to confirm the effects of ibuprofen on semen quality.
Topics: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Humans; Ibuprofen; Infertility, Male; Male; Nitric Oxide; Prostaglandins; Semen; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility; Testosterone
PubMed: 30623461
DOI: 10.1111/and.13228