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Annals of Biomedical Engineering Dec 2023Low-level Laser Therapy (LLLT) was widely used in clinical practice for tendon disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms and effectiveness of LLLT in treating tendon... (Review)
Review
Low-level Laser Therapy (LLLT) was widely used in clinical practice for tendon disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms and effectiveness of LLLT in treating tendon injury remain unclear. Therefore, the present study was conducted aiming to summarize the evidence regarding the histological, physiological, and biomechanical effects of LLLT on tendon healing in animal and human models. Four databases were searched for relevant literature. Four independent reviewers screened abstracts and full-text articles, extracted relevant data, evaluated the risk of bias, and quantified the quality of evidence. Database searches yielded 1400 non-duplicated citations. Fifty-five studies were included (50 animal and five human studies). Animal studies revealed that LT had stimulating effects on collagen organization, collagen I and collagen II formation, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, transforming growth factor β1, vascular endothelial growth factor, hydroxyproline, maximum load, maximum elongation before breaking, and tendon stiffness. However, LLLT had inhibitory effects on the number of inflammatory cells, histological scores, relative amount of collagen III, cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, MMP-1, and MMP-3. Although one human study found that LLLT reduced the concentration of PGE2 in peritendinous tissue of the Achilles tendon, other human studies revealed that the effects of LLLT on the physiology and biomechanics of human tendons remained uncertain. LLLT facilitates tendon healing through various histological, physiological, and biomechanical effects in animal models. Only post-LLLT anti-inflammatory effects were found in human studies.
Topics: Humans; Rats; Animals; Low-Level Light Therapy; Rats, Wistar; Tendinopathy; Dinoprostone; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Collagen; Achilles Tendon
PubMed: 37899380
DOI: 10.1007/s10439-023-03364-1 -
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and... Jul 2022The effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on cardiovascular risk modification in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on cardiovascular risk modification in type 2 diabetes and related complications remain unclear. We aim to assess the published effects of n-3 PUFA interventions on lipid risk factors in type 2 diabetes.
METHODS
We searched the literature on Pubmed, Embase, CENTRAL, and Web of Science databases in order to perform a pooled analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessing n-3 PUFA interventions in type 2 diabetes. The primary outcomes analyzed were the effect of n -3 PUFAs on metabolic biomarkers in type 2 diabetes.
RESULTS
46 RCTs involving 4991 patients with type 2 diabetes were identified for further analysis. Analysis of results showed that n-3 PUFAs interventions significantly improved total cholesterol (TC, WMD = -0.22; 95% CI: -0.32∼ -0.11), triglyceride (TG,WMD = -0.36; 95% CI: -0.48∼-0.25), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C,WMD = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.02∼ 0.08), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c, WMD = -0.19; 95% CI: -0.31∼-0.06) and C-reactive protein (CRP,WMD = -0.40; 95% CI: -0.74∼-0.07) levels compared to controls (p < 0.05). There was no significant effect on renal function, fasting blood sugar (FBS), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), adiponectin and leptin (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this systematic review suggest that n-3 PUFAs can improve cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes.
Topics: C-Reactive Protein; Cholesterol, HDL; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Humans
PubMed: 35717726
DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2022.102456 -
Ageing Research Reviews Feb 2022The association between F-isoprostanes and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been controversially discussed in the literature since the 1990s. However, no systematic review... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
The association between F-isoprostanes and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been controversially discussed in the literature since the 1990s. However, no systematic review has been performed so far.
METHODS
A systematic review of observational studies on the associations of F-isoprostanes and the specific biomarker 8-iso-prostaglandin F with AD were conducted. Random-effects model meta-analyses were performed.
RESULTS
29 studies were included in the systematic review, including four longitudinal studies. In an overall meta-analysis of the 25 cross-sectional studies, F-isoprostane levels were statistically significantly associated with AD (Hedge's g [95% confidence interval]: 1.00 [0.69-1.32]). When studies were grouped by biomarker and sample specimen, F-isoprostane and 8-iso-prostaglandin F levels were statistically significantly elevated in tissue samples of the frontal lobe of AD patients. Moreover, F-isoprostane levels in cerebrospinal fluid and 8-iso-prostaglandin F levels in blood samples of AD patients were significantly increased. Meta-analyses of the few longitudinal studies did not reach statistical significance.
DISCUSSION
Increased concentrations of F-isoprostanes were found in AD patients. However, due to the lack of adjustment in most cross-sectional case-control studies, results must be interpreted carefully. In addition, the causality of the association is uncertain because evidence from well-conducted longitudinal studies was conflicting, and further longitudinal studies are required to reinforce the results.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dinoprost; F2-Isoprostanes; Humans; Isoprostanes; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 34954419
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2021.101552 -
Journal of Medicinal Food Nov 2023The aim of this study was to systematically review the scientific literature, with Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines,... (Review)
Review
The aim of this study was to systematically review the scientific literature, with Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, of the articles found in the past 11 years on the gastroprotective role of fruit extracts in gastric ulcers induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Scientific articles published between 2010 and 2020 were included in this systematic review, including and models, to define the gastroprotective role of fruit extracts. Studies were selected by Rayyan using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct databases. The keywords for the search strategy were: "gastric injury," "gastric ulcer," "fruit," "indomethacin," and "aspirin." Twenty-two articles with animal models of gastric ulcers were included. The NSAIDs used were aspirin and indomethacin. To know the damage caused by these, the ulceration index and biomarkers, such as aggressive/defensive factors involved in the gastric ulceration process, were measured. Most studies have shown that fruit extracts have antiulcer activity, with the most abundant metabolites being flavonoids, followed by terpenes and alkaloids. Possible antiulcer activities such as antioxidant, cytoprotective, gastric acid antisecretory, anti-inflammatory, or angiogenesis stimulant were declared, manifested mainly as a reduction of lipid peroxidation products, an increase in antioxidant enzymes and prostaglandins, and by the formation of a protective film through protein precipitation in the ulcer area. This systematic review demonstrates the importance of fruit extracts as gastric protectors.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Stomach Ulcer; Antioxidants; Fruit; Gastric Mucosa; Plant Extracts; Rats, Wistar; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Indomethacin; Aspirin
PubMed: 37902784
DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0005 -
Redox Biology May 2020Oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF). This review aimed to quantify CF-related redox imbalances. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis (CF). This review aimed to quantify CF-related redox imbalances.
METHODS
Systematic searches of the Medline, CINAHL, CENTRAL and PsycINFO databases were conducted. Mean content of blood biomarkers from people with clinically-stable CF and non-CF controls were used to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).
RESULTS
Forty-nine studies were eligible for this review including a total of 1792 people with CF and 1675 controls. Meta-analysis revealed that protein carbonyls (SMD: 1.13, 95% CI: 0.48 to 1.77), total F-isoprostane 8-iso-prostaglandin F (SMD: 0.64, 95% CI: 0.23 to 1.05) and malondialdehyde (SMD: 1.34, 95% CI: 0.30 to 2.39) were significantly higher, and vitamins A (SMD: -0.66, 95% CI -1.14 to -0.17) and E (SMD: -0.74, 95% CI: -1.28 to -0.20), β-carotene (SMD: -1.80, 95% CI: -2.92 to -0.67), lutein (SMD: -1.52, 95% CI: -1.83 to -1.20) and albumin (SMD: -0.98, 95% CI: -1.68 to -0.27) were significantly lower in the plasma or serum of people with CF versus controls.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review and meta-analysis found good evidence for reduced antioxidant capacity and elevated oxidative stress in people with clinically-stable CF.
Topics: Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Vitamins
PubMed: 32044291
DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101436 -
Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes, and... Mar 2019Eating disorders result in poor nutrition, poor physical conditions and even suicidality and mortality. Although polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have attracted... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
Eating disorders result in poor nutrition, poor physical conditions and even suicidality and mortality. Although polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have attracted attention in the emerging field of nutritional psychiatry, their role in eating disorders remains unknown. This meta-analysis investigates the differences of PUFA levels between patients with eating disorders and healthy controls, and the potentially beneficial effects of PUFAs in such patients.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic literature search and meta-analysis under the random effects model.
RESULT
Eleven studies were included in the current meta-analysis. Compared with controls, 379 patients with eating disorders had significantly higher plasma levels of alpha-linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, stearidonic acid, osbond acid, palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, and total omega-3 fatty acids; and lower levels of total omega-6 fatty acids and omega-6/omega-3 ratio. Eating disorders were associated with significantly higher red blood cell membrane levels of palmitoleic acid and oleic acid and lower levels of adrenic acid, arachidonic acid, and total omega-6 fatty acids. In addition, PUFA supplements were associated with a benefit to body weight outcomes but not disease severity and mood symptoms in interventional trials.
DISCUSSION
This meta-analysis indicates abnormal levels of PUFAs in peripheral blood tissues in patients with eating disorders. The relationship between PUFAs and eating disorders should be interpreted cautiously considering the specific lipid metabolism under starvation state. To investigate the role of PUFAs on psychopathological and therapeutic effects in eating disorders, further larger clinical studies are warranted.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Body Mass Index; Dietary Supplements; Erythrocyte Membrane; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Observational Studies as Topic; Severity of Illness Index; Starvation; Young Adult
PubMed: 30773209
DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2019.01.001 -
Journal of Assisted Reproduction and... Feb 2024Although significant improvements in assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes have been accomplished, a critical question remains: which embryo is most likely to... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Although significant improvements in assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes have been accomplished, a critical question remains: which embryo is most likely to result in a pregnancy? Embryo selection is currently based on morphological and genetic criteria; however, these criteria do not fully predict good-quality embryos and additional objective criteria are needed. The cumulus cells are critical for oocyte and embryo development. This systematic review assessed biomarkers in cumulus-oocyte complexes and their association with successful IVF outcomes.
METHODS
A comprehensive search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science from inception until November 2022. Only English-language publications were included. Inclusion criteria consisted of papers that evaluated genetic biomarkers associated with the cumulus cells (CCs) in humans and the following three outcomes of interest: oocyte quality, embryo quality, and clinical outcomes, including fertilization, implantation, pregnancy, and live birth rates.
RESULTS
The search revealed 446 studies of which 42 met eligibility criteria. Nineteen studies correlated genetic and biochemical biomarkers in CCs with oocyte quality. A positive correlation was reported between oocyte quality and increased mRNA expression in CCs of genes encoding for calcium homeostasis (CAMK1D), glucose metabolism (PFKP), extracellular matrix (HAS2, VCAN), TGF-β family (GDF9, BMP15), and prostaglandin synthesis (PTGS2). Nineteen studies correlated genetic and biochemical biomarkers in CCs with embryo quality. A positive correlation was reported between embryo quality and increased mRNA expression in CCs of genes encoding for extracellular matrix (HAS2), prostaglandin synthesis (PTGS2), steroidogenesis (GREM1), and decreased expression of gene encoding for hormone receptor (AMHR2). Twenty-two studies assessed genetic and biochemical biomarkers in CCs with clinical outcomes. Increased expression of genes encoding for extracellular matrix (VCAN), and TGF-β family (GDF9, BMP15) were positively correlated with pregnancy rate.
CONCLUSION
Genetic biomarkers from cumulus cells were associated with oocyte quality (CAMK1D, PFKP, HAS2, VCAN, GDF-9, BMP-15, PTGS2), embryo quality (GREM1, PTGS2, HAS2), and pregnancy rate (GDF9, BMP15, VCAN). These results might help guide future studies directed at tests of cumulus cells to devise objective criteria to predict IVF outcomes.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Cumulus Cells; Cyclooxygenase 2; Oocytes; Fertilization in Vitro; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; Genetic Markers; RNA, Messenger; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Prostaglandins
PubMed: 37947940
DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02984-9 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Aug 2016Malabsorption of fat and protein contributes to poor nutritional status in people with cystic fibrosis. Impaired pancreatic function may also result in increased gastric... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Malabsorption of fat and protein contributes to poor nutritional status in people with cystic fibrosis. Impaired pancreatic function may also result in increased gastric acidity, leading in turn to heartburn, peptic ulcers and the impairment of oral pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy. The administration of gastric acid-reducing agents has been used as an adjunct to pancreatic enzyme therapy to improve absorption of fat and gastro-intestinal symptoms in people with cystic fibrosis. It is important to establish the evidence regarding potential benefits of drugs that reduce gastric acidity in people with cystic fibrosis. This is an update of a previously published review.
OBJECTIVES
To assess the effect of drug therapies for reducing gastric acidity for: nutritional status; symptoms associated with increased gastric acidity; fat absorption; lung function; quality of life and survival; and to determine if any adverse effects are associated with their use.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group Trials Register which comprises references identified from comprehensive electronic database searches, handsearches of relevant journals, abstract books and conference proceedings.Most recent search of the Group's Trials Register: 12 May 2016.
SELECTION CRITERIA
All randomised and quasi-randomised trials involving agents that reduce gastric acidity compared to placebo or a comparator treatment.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Both authors independently selected trials, assessed trial quality and extracted data.
MAIN RESULTS
The searches identified 39 trials; 17 of these, with 273 participants, were suitable for inclusion, but the number of trials assessing each of the different agents was small. Seven trials were limited to children and four trials enrolled only adults. Meta-analysis was not performed, 14 trials were of a cross-over design and we did not have the appropriate information to conduct comprehensive meta-analyses. All the trials were run in single centres and duration ranged from five days to six months. The included trials were generally not reported adequately enough to allow judgements on risk of bias.However, one trial found that drug therapies that reduce gastric acidity improved gastro-intestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain; seven trials reported significant improvement in measures of fat malabsorption; and two trials reported no significant improvement in nutritional status. Only one trial reported measures of respiratory function and one trial reported an adverse effect with prostaglandin E2 analogue misoprostol. No trials have been identified assessing the effectiveness of these agents in improving quality of life, the complications of increased gastric acidity, or survival.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Trials have shown limited evidence that agents that reduce gastric acidity are associated with improvement in gastro-intestinal symptoms and fat absorption. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to indicate whether there is an improvement in nutritional status, lung function, quality of life, or survival. Furthermore, due to the unclear risks of bias in the included trials, we are unable to make firm conclusions based on the evidence reported therein. We therefore recommend that large, multicentre, randomised controlled clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate these interventions.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adult; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Dietary Fats; Gastric Acid; Gastrointestinal Agents; Histamine H2 Antagonists; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Pancreas; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 27546383
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003424.pub4 -
Journal of Cancer 2016The growing interest in enhancing and spreading colorectal cancer (CRC) screening has been stimulating the exploration of novel biomarkers with greater sensitivity and... (Review)
Review
The growing interest in enhancing and spreading colorectal cancer (CRC) screening has been stimulating the exploration of novel biomarkers with greater sensitivity and specificity than immunochemical faecal occult blood test (iFOBT). The present study provides i) a systematic review of the urinary biomarkers that have been tested to achieve early CRC diagnosis and assess the risk of colorectal adenoma and adenocarcinoma, and ii) a meta-analysis of the data regarding the urinary prostaglandin (PG) metabolite PGE-M. As regard to gene markers, we found significantly different percent methylation of the vimentin gene in CRC patients and healthy controls (HC) (p<0.0001). Respect to metabolism of nitrogenous bases, cytidine, 1-methyladenosine, and adenosine, have higher concentrations in CRC patients than in HC (respectively, p<0.01, p=0.01, and p<0.01). As regard to spermine we found that N1,N12 diacetyl spermine (DiAcSpm) and N1, N8 diacetylspermidine (DiAcSpd) were significantly higher in CRC than in HC (respectively p=0.01 and p<0.01). Respect to PGE-M, levels were higher in CRC than in those with multiple polyposis (p<0.006) and HC subjects (p<0.0004). PGE-M seems to be the most interesting and promising urinary marker for CRC and adenoma risk assessment and for CRC screening. In conclusion, evidence suggests that urinary biomarker could have a potential role as urinary biomarkers in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Particularly, PGE-M seems to be the most promising urinary marker for CRC early detection.
PubMed: 27877214
DOI: 10.7150/jca.16244 -
CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug... 2022Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease characterized by destruction of oligodendrocytes, immune cell infiltration and demyelination....
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease characterized by destruction of oligodendrocytes, immune cell infiltration and demyelination. Inflammation plays a significant role in MS, and the inflammatory mediators such as eicosanoids, leukotrienes, and superoxide radicals are involved in pro-inflammatory responses in MS. In this systematic review, we tried to define and discuss all the findings of in vivo animal studies and human clinical trials on the potential association between arachidonic acid (AA) pathway and multiple sclerosis.
METHODS
A systematic literature search across Pubmed, Scopus, Embase and Cochrane database was conducted. This systematic review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines.
RESULTS
A total of 146 studies were included, of which 34 were conducted on animals, 58 on humans, and 60 studies reported the role of different compounds that target AA mediators or their corresponding enzymes/receptors, and can have a therapeutic effect in MS. These results suggest that eicosanoids have significant roles in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE) and MS. The data from animal and human studies elucidated that PGI, PGFI, PGDI, isoprostanes, PGEI, PLAI, and LTs are increased in MS. PLAI inhibition modulates the progression of the disease. PGE1 analogues can be a useful option in the treatment of MS.
CONCLUSION
All studies reported the beneficial effects of COX and LOX inhibitors in MS. The hybrid compounds, such as COX-2 inhibitors/TP antagonists and 5-LOX inhibitors, can be an innovative approach for multiple sclerosis treatment. Future work in MS should shed light on synthesizing new compounds targeting the arachidonic acid pathway.
Topics: Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Eicosanoids; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Humans; Inflammation; Multiple Sclerosis
PubMed: 32842948
DOI: 10.2174/1871527319666200825164123