-
World Journal of Gastroenterology Jun 2019Changes in N-linked glycosylation have been observed in the circulation of individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma. In particular, an elevation in the level of core...
BACKGROUND
Changes in N-linked glycosylation have been observed in the circulation of individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma. In particular, an elevation in the level of core fucosylation has been observed. However, the mechanisms through which core fucose is increased are not well understood. We hypothesized that a review of the literature and related bioinformatic review regarding six genes known to be involved in the attachment of core fucosylation, the synthesis of the fucosylation substrate guanosine diphosphate (GDP)-fucose, or the transport of the substrate into the Golgi might offer mechanistic insight into the regulation of core fucose levels.
AIM
To survey the literature to capture the involvement of genes regulating core N-linked fucosylation in hepatocellular carcinoma.
METHODS
The PubMed biomedical literature database was searched for the association of hepatocellular carcinoma and each of the core fucose-related genes and their protein products. We also queried The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) dataset for genetic, epigenetic and gene expression changes for the set of six genes using the tools at cBioportal.
RESULTS
A total of 27 citations involving one or more of the core fucosylation-related genes (FPGT, FUK, FUT8, GMDS, SLC35C1, TSTA3) and hepatocellular carcinoma were identified. The same set of gene symbols was used to query the 371 patients with liver cancer in the LIHC dataset to identify the frequency of mRNA over or under expression, as well as non-synonymous mutations, copy number variation and methylation level. Although all six genes trended to more samples displaying over expression relative to under-expression, it was noted that a number of tumor samples had undergone amplification of the genes of the synthesis pathway, GMDS (27 samples) and TSTA3 (78 samples). In contrast, the other four genes had undergone amplification in 2 or fewer samples.
CONCLUSION
Amplification of genes involved in the pathway for generation of GDP-fucose, GMDS and TSTA3, likely contributes to the elevated core fucose observed in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Topics: Carbohydrate Epimerases; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; DNA Copy Number Variations; DNA Methylation; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Glycoproteins; Glycosylation; Guanosine Diphosphate Fucose; Humans; Hydro-Lyases; Ketone Oxidoreductases; Liver Neoplasms; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Mutation
PubMed: 31249452
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i23.2947 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Mar 2020H9N2 viruses can cause great economic losses to the domestic poultry industry when co-infected with other influenza viruses or pathogens. . To better understand the...
H9N2 viruses can cause great economic losses to the domestic poultry industry when co-infected with other influenza viruses or pathogens. . To better understand the molecular characteristics of H9N2 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) and analyze the genetic evolutionary relationship, we isolated three H9N2 subtypes AIVs from nasopharyngeal swab specimens from the three cases reported in Anhui province since 2015, and systematically reviewed the genome-wide data of 21 poultry--isolated H9N2 viruses during 1998-2017. The six internal genes of three human-isolated viruses and recent poultry-isolated viruses (since 2014) in Anhui province presented high gene homologies with HPAI H7N9, even including H10N8 and H5N6. The three human-isolated H9N2 AIVs and poultry-isolated viruses (since 2008) in Anhui province were highly similar, and classified into genotype S. Seven N-linked potential glycosylation sites in the HA protein were detected in the three human-isolated viruses, which also appeared in poultry-isolated H9N2 AIVs. None of the human-isolated H9N2 AIVs had the I368V mutation in PB1 protein, but all the poultry-isolated H9N2 viruses in 2017 carried this mutation. Multidisciplinary, cross-regional and cross-sectoral approaches are warranted to address complex public health challenges and achieve the goal of 'one health'.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; China; Genome, Viral; Humans; Incidence; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype; Influenza in Birds; Influenza, Human; Phylogeny; Poultry; Poultry Diseases; Prevalence
PubMed: 31863839
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103940 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Nov 2020The glyoxalase system is a ubiquitous enzymatic network which plays important roles in biological life. It consists of glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), glyoxalase 2 (GLO2), and...
The glyoxalase system is a ubiquitous enzymatic network which plays important roles in biological life. It consists of glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), glyoxalase 2 (GLO2), and reduced glutathione (GSH), which perform an essential metabolic function in cells by detoxifying methylglyoxal (MG) and other endogenous harmful metabolites into non-toxic d-lactate. MG and MG-derived advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) are associated with various diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, and GLO1 is a key rate-limiting enzyme in the anti-glycation defense. The abnormal activity and expression of GLO1 in various diseases make this enzyme a promising target for drug design and development. This review focuses on the regulatory mechanism of GLO1 in diverse pathogenic conditions with a thorough discussion of GLO1 regulators since their discovery, including GLO1 activators and inhibitors. The different classes, chemical structure and structure-activity relationship are embraced. Moreover, assays for the discovery of small molecule regulators of the glyoxalase system are also introduced in this article. Compared with spectrophotometer-based assay, microplate-based assay is a more simple, rapid and quantitative high-throughput method. This review will be useful to design novel and potent GLO1 regulators and hopefully provide a convenient reference for researchers.
Topics: Animals; Biological Products; Cardiovascular Diseases; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glycosylation; Humans; Lactoylglutathione Lyase; Neoplasms; Pyruvaldehyde
PubMed: 32858501
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110663 -
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 2021The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) has been proposed as a marker to quantify inter-individual variation in hemoglobin glycosylation. However, whether HGI is...
The hemoglobin glycation index (HGI) has been proposed as a marker to quantify inter-individual variation in hemoglobin glycosylation. However, whether HGI is associated with an increased risk of diabetic complications independent of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) remains unclear. This meta-analysis aimed to determine the association between HGI and the risk of all cause mortality and composite cardiovascular disease (CVD). PubMed, and EMBASE databases were searched for related studies up to March 31, 2021. Observational studies reported associations between HGI levels and composite CVD and all cause mortality were included for meta-analysis. A random effect model was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for higher HGI. A total of five studies, comprising 22,035 patients with type two diabetes mellitus were included for analysis. The median follow-up duration was 5.0 years. After adjusted for multiple conventional cardiovascular risk factors, an increased level of HGI was associated with a higher risk of composite CVD (per 1 SD increment: HR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.04-1.26) and all cause mortality (per 1 SD increment: HR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.05-1.32). However, when further adjusted for HbA1c, the association between HGI and risk of composite CVD (per 1 SD increment of HGI: HR = 1.01, 95% CI = 0.93-1.10) and all cause mortality (per 1 SD increment of HGI: HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.96-1.10) became insignificant. High HGI was associated with an increased risk of composite CVD and all cause mortality after adjustment for multiple conventional cardiovascular risk factors. However, the association was mainly mediating by the level of HbA1c.
PubMed: 34124211
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.690689 -
Journal of Clinical Immunology Jun 2024Magnesium transporter 1 (MAGT1) gene loss-of-function variants lead to X-linked MAGT1 deficiency with increased susceptibility to EBV infection and N-glycosylation...
Magnesium transporter 1 (MAGT1) gene loss-of-function variants lead to X-linked MAGT1 deficiency with increased susceptibility to EBV infection and N-glycosylation defect (XMEN), a condition with a variety of clinical and immunological effects. In addition, MAGT1 deficiency has been classified as a congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) due to its unique role in glycosylation of multiple substrates including NKG2D, necessary for viral protection. Due to the predisposition for EBV, this etiology has been linked with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), however only limited literature exists. Here we present a complex case with HLH and EBV-driven classic Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) as the presenting manifestation of underlying immune defect. However, the patient's underlying immunodeficiency was not identified until his second recurrence of Hodgkin disease, recurrent episodes of Herpes Zoster, and after he had undergone autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) for refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. This rare presentation of HLH and recurrent lymphomas without some of the classical immune deficiency manifestations of MAGT1 deficiency led us to review the literature for similar presentations and to report the evolving spectrum of disease in published literature. Our systematic review showcased that MAGT1 predisposes to multiple viruses (including EBV) and adds risk of viral-driven neoplasia. The roles of MAGT1 in the immune system and glycosylation were highlighted through the multiple organ dysfunction showcased by the previously validated Immune Deficiency and Dysregulation Activity (IDDA2.1) score and CDG-specific Nijmegen Pediatric CDG Rating Scale (NPCRS) score for the patient cohort in the systematic review.
Topics: Humans; Male; Cation Transport Proteins; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Hodgkin Disease; Lymphohistiocytosis, Hemophagocytic; Recurrence
PubMed: 38896122
DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01749-y