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Journal of Sport and Health Science Mar 2024This meta-analytical study aimed to explore the effects of resistance training (RT) volume on body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation in postmenopausal and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Effect of resistance training volume on body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation in postmenopausal and older females: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
PURPOSE
This meta-analytical study aimed to explore the effects of resistance training (RT) volume on body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation in postmenopausal and older females.
METHODS
A systematic search was performed for randomized controlled trials in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO. Randomized controlled trials with postmenopausal and older females that compared RT effects on body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation with a control group (CG) were included. Independent reviewers selected the studies, extracted the data, and performed the risk of bias and certainty of the evidence (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE)) evaluations. Total body and abdominal adiposity, blood lipids, glucose, and C-reactive protein were included for meta-analysis. A random-effects model, standardized mean difference (Hedges' g), and 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were used for meta-analysis.
RESULTS
Twenty randomized controlled trials (overall risk of bias: some concerns; GRADE: low to very low) with overweight/obese postmenopausal and older females were included. RT groups were divided into low-volume RT (LVRT, ∼44 sets/week) and high-volume RT (HVRT, ∼77 sets/week). Both RT groups presented improved body adiposity, metabolic risk, and inflammation when compared to CG. However, HVRT demonstrated higher effect sizes than LVRT for glucose (HVRT = -1.19; 95%CI: -1.63 to -0.74; LVRT = -0.78; 95%CI:-1.15 to -0.41) and C-reactive protein (HVRT = -1.00; 95%CI: -1.32 to -0.67; LVRT = -0.34; 95%CI, -0.63 to -0.04)) when compared to CG.
CONCLUSION
Compared to CG, HVRT protocols elicit greater improvements in metabolic risk and inflammation outcomes than LVRT in overweight/obese postmenopausal and older females.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adiposity; C-Reactive Protein; Glucose; Inflammation; Obesity; Overweight; Postmenopause; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Resistance Training
PubMed: 37788790
DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2023.09.012 -
Archives of Osteoporosis Sep 2020Osteocalcin, the osteoblast-derived protein, has been shown to be modulated in patients with problematic glucose metabolism. Our systematic review and meta-analysis... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
UNLABELLED
Osteocalcin, the osteoblast-derived protein, has been shown to be modulated in patients with problematic glucose metabolism. Our systematic review and meta-analysis found that in humans, higher blood osteocalcin level is associated with lower body indices of fat.
PURPOSE/INTRODUCTION
Osteocalcin (OC) was found to be inversely correlated with measures of glucose and energy metabolism, with some groups suggesting the undercarboxylated form (ucOC) to be metabolically active, although the link is not clear, especially in humans. Given obesity is a major risk factor for metabolic disorders, we aimed to assess the correlation between OC and two measures of body weight: body mass index (BMI) and percentage body fat (%BF).
METHODS
MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched to identify observational studies in adult populations that reported the crude correlation coefficients (r) between OC and BMI and %BF. Pool r were obtained using random-effects models.
RESULTS
Fifty-one publications were included in this analysis. Both total OC (TOC) (pooled r = - 0.151, 95% CI - 0.17, - 0.130; I = 52%) and ucOC (pooled r = - 0.060, 95% CI - 0.103, - 0.016; I = 54%) were inversely correlated with BMI. The pooled r between TOC and BMI in Caucasian-and-other-regions (r = - 0.187) were stronger than those in Asian populations (r = - 0.126; intra-group p = 0.002; R = 0.21). The mean/median BMI of the reported cohort was the major contributor to between-study heterogeneity in correlation between TOC/ucOC and BMI (R = 0.28 and 0.77, respectively). Both TOC and ucOC were also inversely correlated with %BF (TOC: pooled r = - 0.185, 95% CI - 0.257 to - 0.112; ucOC: pooled r = - 0.181, 95% CI - 0.258 to - 0.101).
CONCLUSION
Higher OC and ucOC were correlated with lower BMI and %BF. The inverse correlations between TOC/ucOC and BMI appear to be affected by ethnicity and obesity status.
Topics: Adiposity; Adult; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Humans; Obesity; Observational Studies as Topic; Osteocalcin
PubMed: 32945990
DOI: 10.1007/s11657-020-00812-6 -
Peritoneal Dialysis International :... 2015Outcomes for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are affected by the characteristics of the peritoneal membrane, which may be determined by genetic variants. We carried... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Outcomes for peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are affected by the characteristics of the peritoneal membrane, which may be determined by genetic variants. We carried out a systematic review of the literature to identify studies which assessed the association between genetic polymorphisms, peritoneal membrane solute transport, and clinical outcomes for PD patients.
METHODS
The National Library of Medicine was searched using a variety of strategies. Studies which met our inclusion criteria were reviewed and data abstracted. Our outcomes of interest included: high transport status peritoneal membrane, risk for peritonitis, encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS), patient and technique survival. We combined data from studies which evaluated the same genetic polymorphism and the same outcome.
RESULTS
We evaluated 18 relevant studies. All studies used a candidate gene approach. Gene polymorphisms in the interleukin (IL)-6 gene were associated with peritoneal membrane solute transport in several studies in different ethnic populations. Associations with solute transport and polymorphisms in endothelial nitric oxide synthase and receptor for advanced glycation end product genes were also identified. There was evidence of a genetic predisposition for peritonitis found in 2 studies, and for EPS in 1 study. Survival was found to be associated with a polymorphism in vascular endothelial growth factor and technique failure was associated with a polymorphism in the IL-1 receptor antagonist.
CONCLUSIONS
There is evidence that characteristics of the peritoneal membrane and clinical outcomes for PD patients have genetic determinants. The most consistent association was between IL-6 gene polymorphisms and peritoneal membrane solute transport.
Topics: Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Dialysis Solutions; Humans; Interleukin-6; Peritoneal Dialysis; Peritoneum; Polymorphism, Genetic
PubMed: 25395500
DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2014.00049 -
Drug Metabolism Letters 2021Cytochrome P450 (CYP) contributes to a huge collection of medicinal products' Phase I metabolization. We aimed to summarize and investigate the current evidence...
BACKGROUND
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) contributes to a huge collection of medicinal products' Phase I metabolization. We aimed to summarize and investigate the current evidence regarding the frequency of CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, and MDR1 in Saudi Arabia.
METHODS
A computerized search in four databases was done using the relevant keywords. The screening process was done in two steps; title and abstract screening and full-text screening. Data of demographic and characteristics of included studies and patients were extracted and tabulated.
RESULTS
Ten studies were eligible for our criteria and were included in this systematic review. The age of participants ranged between 17-65 years. Only two subjects showed PM phenotype of CYP2C19 in the Saudi population. The most frequent alleles were CYP2C19*1 (62.9%), CYP2C19*2 (11.2%-32%), and CYP2C19*17 (25.7%). The CYP2C19 was observed in 97 cases of extensive metabolizing (EM) phenotype CYP2C19. Concerning the CYP2C9, the most frequent alleles were CYP2C9*1 and CYP2C9*2, and the most frequent genotype was CYP2C9*1*1. The CYP2D6*41 allele and C1236T MDR1 were the most frequent allele in this population.
CONCLUSION
The current evidence suggests that Saudi resembled European in the frequency of CYP2C19, Caucasians in both the incidence of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, and the absence of CYP2C19. The CYP2D6*41 allele frequency in Saudi is relatively high. We recommend further research to evaluate the basic and clinical relevance of gene polymorphism in such ethnicity.
Topics: ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C9; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Gene Frequency; Genetics, Population; Genotype; Humans; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic; Saudi Arabia; Young Adult
PubMed: 32703145
DOI: 10.2174/1872312814666200722122232 -
Nutrients Oct 2022A ketogenic diet characterized by high fat and low carbohydrate can drive the body to produce a large number of ketone bodies, altering human metabolism. Unlike normal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
A ketogenic diet characterized by high fat and low carbohydrate can drive the body to produce a large number of ketone bodies, altering human metabolism. Unlike normal cells, tumor cells have difficulty in consuming ketone bodies. Therefore, the application of ketogenic diets in cancer therapy is gaining attention. However, the effect of ketogenic diets on body parameters of cancer patients is not well established. This meta-analysis aimed to summarize the effects of ketogenic diets on cancer patients in earlier controlled trials. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were searched for clinical trials that enrolled cancer patients who received ketogenic diets intervention. Ten controlled trials were included in this meta-analysis. Data were extracted and checked by three authors independently. Pooled effect sizes revealed a significant effect of ketogenic diets on body weight (SMD −1.83, 95% CI −2.30 to −1.35; p < 0.00001) and fat mass (SMD −1.52, 95% CI −1.92 to −1.07; p < 0.00001). No significant effect on blood glucose, insulin, or lipid profile except triglycerides was found in the analysis. It had no effect on liver and kidney function except that GGT were decreased a little. There were no significant changes in IGF-1 and TNF-α related to tumor growth. Mental health improvement of cancer patients was supported by several trials. Taken together, findings in this study confirmed that the ketogenic diet was a safe approach for cancer patients reducing body weight and fat mass. In addition, cancer treatment-related indicators changed insignificantly. Ketogenic diets may be beneficial to the quality of life of cancer patients. However, intervention duration in most studies is shorter than 6 months, and the effect of a long-term ketogenic diet is still required further validation. More trials with a larger sample size are necessary to give a more conclusive result; PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021277559.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Body Weight; Diet, Ketogenic; Humans; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Insulins; Ketone Bodies; Neoplasms; Quality of Life; Triglycerides; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 36235844
DOI: 10.3390/nu14194192 -
Nutrients Dec 2022Genetic components may play an important role in the regulation of nutrient and energy metabolism. In the presence of specific genetic variants, metabolic dysregulation... (Review)
Review
Genetic components may play an important role in the regulation of nutrient and energy metabolism. In the presence of specific genetic variants, metabolic dysregulation may occur, especially in relation to the processes of digestion, assimilation, and the physiological utilization of nutrients supplied to the body, as well as the regulation of various metabolic pathways and the balance of metabolic changes, which may consequently affect the effectiveness of applied reduction diets and weight loss after training. There are many well-documented studies showing that the presence of certain polymorphic variants in some genes can be associated with specific changes in nutrient and energy metabolism, and consequently, with more or less desirable effects of applied caloric reduction and/or exercise intervention. This systematic review focused on the role of genes encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and their coactivators in nutrient and energy metabolism. The literature review prepared showed that there is a link between the presence of specific alleles described at different polymorphic points in genes and various human body characteristics that are crucial for the efficacy of nutritional and/or exercise interventions. Genetic analysis can be a valuable element that complements the work of a dietitian or trainer, allowing for the planning of a personalized diet or training that makes the best use of the innate metabolic characteristics of the person who is the subject of their interventions.
Topics: Humans; Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors; Nutrients; Energy Metabolism; Diet; Alleles
PubMed: 36558537
DOI: 10.3390/nu14245378 -
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity Mar 2024While genetic and cohort studies suggest immune and reduction/oxidation (redox) alterations occur in psychosis, less is known about potential alterations in children and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
While genetic and cohort studies suggest immune and reduction/oxidation (redox) alterations occur in psychosis, less is known about potential alterations in children and adolescents.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic review to identify immune and redox biomarker studies in children and adolescents (mean age ≤ 18 years old) across the psychosis spectrum: from psychotic like experiences, which are common in children, to threshold psychotic disorders like schizophrenia. We conducted meta-analyses when at least three studies measured the same biomarker.
RESULTS
The systematic review includes 38 pediatric psychosis studies. The meta-analyses found that youth with threshold psychotic disorders had higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (Hedge's g = 0.40, 95 % CI 0.17 - 0.64), tumor necrosis factor (Hedge's g = 0.38, 95 % CI 0.06 - 0.69), C-reactive protein (Hedge's g = 0.38, 95 % CI 0.05 - 0.70), interleukin-6 (Hedge's g = 0.35; 95 % CI 0.11 - 0.64), and total white blood cell count (Hedge's g = 0.29, 95 % CI 0.12 - 0.46) compared to youth without psychosis. Other immune and oxidative stress meta-analytic findings were very heterogeneous.
CONCLUSION
Results from several studies are consistent with the hypothesis that signals often classified as "proinflammatory" are elevated in threshold pediatric psychotic disorders. Data are less clear for immune markers in subthreshold psychosis and redox markers across the subthreshold and threshold psychosis spectrum. Immune and redox biomarker intervention studies are lacking, and research investigating interventions targeting the immune system in threshold pediatric psychosis is especially warranted.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Child; Psychotic Disorders; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Interleukin-6; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 38141839
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2023.12.019 -
Journal of Pharmaceutical and... Sep 2023Glycosylation is a crucial attribute for biotherapeutics with significant impacts on quality, stability, safety, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy.... (Review)
Review
Glycosylation is a crucial attribute for biotherapeutics with significant impacts on quality, stability, safety, immunogenicity, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy. Therefore, to ensure consistent glycosylation, a systematic review of biotherapeutics is absolutely required including the variable glycan structure (micro-heterogeneity) and different occupancy at individual site (macro-heterogeneity) from drug design to upstream and downstream bioprocesses. Various methods have been used for glyco-characterization of biotherapeutics at the glycan, glycopeptide, and intact protein levels. In particular, intact protein analysis is considered a facile and rapid glycoform monitoring approach used throughout the product development lifecycle to determine suitable glycosylation lead candidates and reproducible product quality. However, intact glycoform characterization of diverse and complex biotherapeutics with multiple N- and O-glycosylation sites can be very challenging. To address this, a robust analytical platform that enables rapid and accurate characterization of a biotherapeutics with highly complex multiple glycosylation using two-step intact glycoform mass spectrometry has been developed. We used darbepoetin alfa, a second-generation EPO bearing multiple N- and O-glycosylation sites, as a model biotherapeutics to obtain integrated information on glycan heterogeneity and site occupancy through step-by-step MS of intact protein and enzyme-treated protein. In addition, we performed a comparative assessment of the heterogeneity from different products, confirming that our new method can efficiently evaluate glycosylation equivalence. This new strategy provides rapid and accurate information on the degree of glycosylation of a therapeutic glycoprotein with multiple glycosylation, which can be used to assess glycosylation similarity between batches and between biosimilar and reference during development and production.
Topics: Glycosylation; Darbepoetin alfa; Mass Spectrometry; Proteins; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 37393692
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115558 -
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical... Dec 2023During eukaryotic gene expression, alternative splicing of messenger RNA precursors is critical in increasing protein diversity and regulatory complexity. Multiple... (Review)
Review
During eukaryotic gene expression, alternative splicing of messenger RNA precursors is critical in increasing protein diversity and regulatory complexity. Multiple transcript isoforms could be produced by alternative splicing from a single gene; they could eventually be translated into protein isoforms with deleted, added, or altered domains or produce transcripts containing premature termination codons that could be targeted by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. Alternative splicing can generate proteins with similar, different, or even opposite functions. Increasingly strong evidence indicates that abnormal RNA splicing is a prevalent and crucial occurrence in cellular differentiation, tissue advancement, and the development and progression of cancer. Aberrant alternative splicing could affect cancer cell activities such as growth, apoptosis, invasiveness, drug resistance, angiogenesis, and metabolism. This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of the impact of abnormal RNA alternative splicing on the development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Topics: Humans; Alternative Splicing; RNA; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; RNA, Messenger; Liver Neoplasms; Protein Isoforms; RNA Splicing
PubMed: 37898981
DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05474-8 -
Brazilian Journal of Microbiology :... 2017Specific proteases capable of degrading native triple helical or denatured collagen have been required for many years and have a large spectrum of applications. There... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Specific proteases capable of degrading native triple helical or denatured collagen have been required for many years and have a large spectrum of applications. There are few complete reports that fully uncover production, characterization and purification of fungi collagenases. In this review, authors searched through four scientific on line data bases using the following keywords (collagenolytic OR collagenase) AND (fungi OR fungus OR fungal) AND (production OR synthesis OR synthesize) AND (characterization). Scientific criteria were adopted in this review to classify found articles by score (from 0 to 10). After exclusion criteria, 21 articles were selected. None obtained the maximum of 10 points defined by the methodology, which indicates a deficiency in studies dealing simultaneously with production, characterization and purification of collagenase by fungi. Among microorganisms studied the non-pathogenic fungi Penicillium aurantiogriseum and Rhizoctonia solani stood out in volumetric and specific collagenase activity. The only article found that made sequencing of a true collagenase showed 100% homology with several metalloproteinases fungi. A clear gap in literature about collagenase production by fungi was verified, which prevents further development in the area and increases the need for further studies, particularly full characterization of fungal collagenases with high specificity to collagen.
Topics: Collagen; Collagenases; Culture Media; Enzyme Activation; Fungi; Proteolysis; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 27756540
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.08.001