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Natural Hazards (Dordrecht, Netherlands) 2023This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of tsunami evacuation models. The review covers scientific studies from the last decade (2012-2021) and is... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
This systematic review provides a comprehensive overview of tsunami evacuation models. The review covers scientific studies from the last decade (2012-2021) and is explicitly focused on models using an agent-based approach. The PRISMA methodology was used to analyze 171 selected papers, resulting in over 53 studies included in the detailed full-text analysis. This review is divided into two main parts: (1) a descriptive analysis of the presented models (focused on the modeling tools, validation, and software platform used, etc.), and (2) model analysis (e.g., model purpose, types of agents, input and output data, and modeled area). Special attention was given to the features of these models specifically associated with an agent-based approach. The results lead to the conclusion that the research domain of agent-based tsunami evacuation models is quite narrow and specialized, with a high degree of variability in the model attributes and properties. At the same time, the application of agent-specific methodologies, protocols, organizational paradigms, or standards is sparse.
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11069-022-05643-x.
PubMed: 36212893
DOI: 10.1007/s11069-022-05643-x -
The Journal of Arthroplasty Nov 2016Venous thromboembolism (VTE) comprises pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis and is a complication of particular concern in lower limb arthroplasty. In recent... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) comprises pulmonary embolism and deep vein thrombosis and is a complication of particular concern in lower limb arthroplasty. In recent years, aspirin has emerged as a potential alternative thromboprophylactic agent, particularly after its acceptance as a recommended agent by the American College of Chest Physicians. Aspirin is favorable due to its relative cost-effectiveness and convenience compared to novel oral anticoagulants and warfarin. However, its efficacy since its inclusion in the American College of Chest Physicians guidelines remains unclear. The present systematic review aimed to establish the efficacy of aspirin in preventing VTE in total hip and knee arthroplasty.
METHODS
Electronic searches were performed using 6 databases from up to June 2015, identifying all relevant studies. Data were extracted and meta-analyzed.
RESULTS
Eleven relevant studies were identified for inclusion in the present meta-analysis. The overall rate of deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism in both hip and knee arthroplasty was 1.2% and 0.6%, respectively. The rate of major bleeding was 0.3%. Pooled mortality rate was 0.2%. All findings demonstrated a high and significant degree of heterogeneity.
CONCLUSION
Aspirin, both alone and in multimodal approaches to thromboprophylaxis, confers a low rate of VTE, with a low risk of major bleeding complications. However, the evidence for its use is limited by the low quality of studies and variation in dose in dosing regimes. Future randomized controlled trials should investigate the efficacy of aspirin, as well as the ideal dosing protocol for its use in thromboprophylaxis in arthroplasty.
Topics: Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Aspirin; Fibrinolytic Agents; Hemorrhage; Humans; Lower Extremity; Pulmonary Embolism; Venous Thromboembolism; Venous Thrombosis
PubMed: 27178011
DOI: 10.1016/j.arth.2016.04.004 -
The Bone & Joint Journal Aug 2016There is uncertainty regarding the optimal means of thromboprophylaxis following total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA, TKA). This systematic review presents the evidence... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
AIMS
There is uncertainty regarding the optimal means of thromboprophylaxis following total hip and knee arthroplasty (THA, TKA). This systematic review presents the evidence for acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) as a thromboprophylactic agent in THA and TKA and compares it with other chemoprophylactic agents.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A search of literature published between 2004 and 2014 was performed in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A total of 13 studies were eligible for inclusion.
RESULTS
Evidence from one good quality randomised controlled trial (RCT) showed no difference in rates of venous thrombo-embolism (VTE) in patients given aspirin or low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) following TKA. There was insufficient evidence from trials with moderate to severe risk of bias being present to suggest aspirin is more or less effective than LMWH, warfarin or dabigatran for the prevention of VTE in TKA or THA. Compared with aspirin, rates of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in TKA may be reduced with rivaroxaban but insufficient evidence exists to demonstrate an effect on incidence of symptomatic DVT. Compared with aspirin there is evidence of more wound complications following THA and TKA with dabigatran and in TKA with rivaroxaban. Some studies highlighted concerns over bleeding complications and efficacy of aspirin.
CONCLUSION
The results suggest aspirin may be considered a suitable alternative to other thromboprophylactic agents following THA and TKA. Further investigation is required to fully evaluate the safety and efficacy of aspirin. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1056-61.
Topics: Anticoagulants; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Aspirin; Clinical Protocols; Fibrinolytic Agents; Heparin, Low-Molecular-Weight; Humans; Intraoperative Care; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Registries; Venous Thromboembolism; Warfarin
PubMed: 27482017
DOI: 10.1302/0301-620X.98B8.36957 -
Clinical Oral Implants Research Jul 2023Growing evidence is highlighting the inefficacy of clindamycin as an effective substitute to amoxicillin in patients self-reporting a penicillin allergy. The hypothesis... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Self-reported allergy to penicillin and clindamycin administration may be risk factors for dental implant failure: A systematic review, meta-analysis and delabeling protocol.
OBJECTIVE
Growing evidence is highlighting the inefficacy of clindamycin as an effective substitute to amoxicillin in patients self-reporting a penicillin allergy. The hypothesis is that implant failure is higher in these patients, when compared to patients receiving penicillin. To test this hypothesis, a systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken and a protocol for delabeling penicillin allergic patients was presented.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic review was undertaken by searching across three different databases, namely PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science.
RESULTS
Out of 572 results, four studies were eligible to be included. Fixed-effects meta-analysis showed a higher number of failed implants in patients who were administered clindamycin, because of a self-reported allergy to penicillin. Results showed that these patients are over three times more likely (OR = 3.30, 95% C.I. 2.58-4.22, p-value < .00001) to undergo implant failure with an average cumulative proportion of 11.0% (95% C.I. 3.5-22.0%) versus 3.8% (95% C.I. 1.2-7.7%) of patients not requiring clindamycin and administered amoxicillin. A protocol for penicillin allergy delabeling is proposed.
CONCLUSIONS
Current evidence is still limited and based on retrospective observational studies, it is difficult to state if penicillin allergy, clindamycin administration or a combination of both is responsible for the current trends and reported findings.
Topics: Humans; Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clindamycin; Dental Implants; Drug Hypersensitivity; Hypersensitivity; Penicillins; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Self Report; Clinical Protocols
PubMed: 37102260
DOI: 10.1111/clr.14073 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Dec 2023Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacillus that causes superficial and deep infections, which can be minor to life-threatening. Recently, P. aeruginosa has... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative bacillus that causes superficial and deep infections, which can be minor to life-threatening. Recently, P. aeruginosa has gained significant relevance due to the increased incidence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains that complicate antibiotic treatment. Due to MDR strains, alternative therapies, such as antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (PDT), are presented as a good option to treat nonsystemic infections. PDT combines a photosensitizer agent (PS), light, and oxygen to generate free radicals that destroy bacterial structures such as the envelope, matrix, and genetic material. This work aimed to identify the development stage of the PDT applied to P. aeruginosa to conclude which research stage should be emphasized more.
METHODS
Systematic bibliographic search in various public databases was performed. Related articles were identified using keywords, and relevant ones were selected using inclusion and exclusion criteria according to the PRISMA protocol.
RESULTS
We found 29 articles that meet the criteria, constituting a good body of evidence associated with using PDT against P. aeruginosa in vitro and less developed for in vivo research.
CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that PDT could become an effective adjunct to antimicrobial therapy against P. aeruginosa. This effectiveness depends on the PS used and the location of the infection. Many PS already demonstrated efficacy in PDT, but the evidence is supported significantly by in vitro and very few in vivo studies. Therefore, we conclude that further research efforts should focus on demonstrating the safety and efficacy of these PSs in vivo in animal infection models.
Topics: Animals; Pseudomonas Infections; Photosensitizing Agents; Photochemotherapy; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Pseudomonas aeruginosa
PubMed: 37709240
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103803 -
Maturitas Sep 2022Recurrent stress urinary incontinence (rSUI) represents a major challenge for most clinicians as there is little evidence in the literature on the best option after... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Recurrent stress urinary incontinence (rSUI) represents a major challenge for most clinicians as there is little evidence in the literature on the best option after sling failure. The objective of this study is to summarise the findings on the use of urethral bulking agents (UBAs) in the management of rSUI after the failure of a mid-urethral sling (MUSs). We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis, according to PRISMA 2020 guidelines, and selected eleven publications for inclusion in the analysis. We found that the overall cure and improvement rate ranged from 64% to 85% in the included studies, with a pooled value of 75%, compared with pooled failure and re-operation rates of 32% (95% CI: 22%-43%) and 25% (95% CI: 17%-34%), respectively. The I test indicated significant statistical heterogeneity among the studies in relation to all the outcome measures; however, no risk of publication bias was found. To explore this heterogeneity in more depth, we performed a sub-group analysis of the two most commonly used bulking agents (Bulkamid and Macroplastique). The pooled values of the cure and improvement rate were 84% (95% CI: 77.0%-90.0%) and 80% (95% CI: 74.0%-85.0%) for Macroplastique and Bulkamid, respectively. We did not find significant heterogeneity or significant differences in the outcome measures in either group. For the first time in literature, our study provides an insight into the use of UBAs after failed MUSs. Although the results seem very promising, future studies with shared protocols are needed in order to recommend the use of UBAs in the treatment of recurrent cases.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Suburethral Slings; Treatment Outcome; Urethra; Urinary Incontinence, Stress
PubMed: 35679770
DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.05.007 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2023Unequivocal change in the climate system has put coastal regions around the world at increasing risk from climate-related hazards. Monitoring the coast is often... (Review)
Review
Unequivocal change in the climate system has put coastal regions around the world at increasing risk from climate-related hazards. Monitoring the coast is often difficult and expensive, resulting in sparse monitoring equipment lacking in sufficient temporal and spatial coverage. Thus, low-cost methods to monitor the coast at finer temporal and spatial resolution are imperative for climate resilience along the world's coasts. Exploiting such low-cost methods for the development of early warning support could be invaluable to coastal settlements. This paper aims to provide the most up-to-date low-cost techniques developed and used in the last decade for monitoring coastal hazards and their forcing agents via systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature in three scientific databases: Scopus, Web of Science and ScienceDirect. A total of 60 papers retrieved from these databases through the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) protocol were analysed in detail to yield different categories of low-cost sensors. These sensors span the entire domain for monitoring coastal hazards, as they focus on monitoring coastal zone characteristics (e.g., topography), forcing agents (e.g., water levels), and the hazards themselves (e.g., coastal flooding). It was found from the meta-analysis of the retrieved papers that terrestrial photogrammetry, followed by aerial photogrammetry, was the most widely used technique for monitoring different coastal hazards, mainly coastal erosion and shoreline change. Different monitoring techniques are available to monitor the same hazard/forcing agent, for instance, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), time-lapse cameras, and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) for monitoring coastal morphological changes such as beach erosion, creating opportunities to not only select but also combine different techniques to meet specific monitoring objectives. The sensors considered in this paper are useful for monitoring the most pressing challenges in coastal zones due to the changing climate. Such a review could be extended to encompass more sensors and variables in the future due to the systematic approach of this review. This study is the first to systematically review a wide range of low-cost sensors available for the monitoring of coastal zones in the context of changing climate and is expected to benefit coastal researchers and managers to choose suitable low-cost sensors to meet their desired objectives for the regular monitoring of the coast to increase climate resilience.
PubMed: 36772769
DOI: 10.3390/s23031717 -
Drug Research Dec 2017Intraperitoneal drug administration applies treatment at the site of diseases with gynaecological, urological, or gastrointestinal origin. The objective of this... (Review)
Review
Intraperitoneal drug administration applies treatment at the site of diseases with gynaecological, urological, or gastrointestinal origin. The objective of this systematic review was to investigate perioperative intraperitoneal administration of antibacterial agents to characterise the drugs used and their safety profile. A protocol was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42016038956). A systematic review was conducted and reported according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). A search was performed in PubMed and EMBASE on the 22 of April 2016. The inclusion criteria were original articles involving at least 5 patients where antibacterial agents were administered intraperitoneally during or after abdominal surgery as prophylaxis or treatment of infection. Languages were limited to English, German, Danish, Norwegian, or Swedish articles. 79 studies were included which used a total of 12 different antibacterial classes. Aminoglycosides, 1 and 2 generation cephalosporins, tetracyclines, and penicillins were most commonly administered intraperitoneally during or after surgery. The antibacterial agent was usually administered intraperitoneally as monotherapy. However, some studies administered combination regimens with heparin or with another antibacterial agent. The most frequent combination was aminoglycosides and lincosamides. In total, 43% of studies lacked information regarding adverse events. The most frequently reported adverse event was discomfort or pain during administration, especially with use of oxytetracycline. At least 12 different classes of antibacterial agents have been administered intraperitoneally during or after surgery as prophylaxis or treatment of intraabdominal infections. Intraperitoneal administration seems safe although use of oxytetracycline may cause discomfort or pain.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Perioperative Care
PubMed: 28847021
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-109565 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) differs from pemphigus vulgaris (PV) in that it affects only the skin and mucous membranes are not involved. Pemphigus is commonly treated with...
BACKGROUND
Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) differs from pemphigus vulgaris (PV) in that it affects only the skin and mucous membranes are not involved. Pemphigus is commonly treated with systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents (ISAs). More recently, biologics have been used. The current literature on biologic therapy often combines treatment of PF with PV, hence it is often difficult for clinicians to isolate the treatment of PF from PV. The purpose of this review was to provide information regarding the use of current biological therapy, specifically in PF.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A search of PubMed, Embase, and other databases was conducted using keywords pemphigus foliaceus (PF), rituximab (RTX), intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg), and biologics. Forty-one studies were included in this review, which produced 105 patients with PF, treated with RTX, IVIg, or a combination of both. Eighty-five patients were treated with RTX, eight patients with IVIg, and 12 received both RTX and IVIg.
RESULTS
Most patients in this review had PF that was nonresponsive to conventional immunosuppressive therapies (CIST), and had significant side effects from their use. RTX treatment resulted in complete remission (CR) in 63.2%, a relapse rate of 39.5%, an infection rate of 19.7%, and a mortality rate of 3.9%. Relapse was greater in the lymphoma (LP) protocol than the rheumatoid arthritis (RA) protocol (p<0.0001). IVIg led to CR in 62.5% of patients, with no relapses or infections. Patients receiving both biologics experienced better outcomes when RTX was first administered, then followed by IVIg. Follow-up durations for patients receiving RTX, IVIg, and both were 22.1, 24.8, and 35.7 months, respectively.
DISCUSSION
In pemphigus foliaceus patients nonresponsive to conventional immunosuppressive therapy or in those with significant side effects from CIST, RTX and IVIg appear to be useful agents. Profile of clinical response, as well as relapse, infection, and mortality rates in PF patients treated with RTX were similar to those observed in PV patients. The data suggests that protocols specific for PF may produce better outcomes, less adverse effects, and improved quality of life.
Topics: Humans; Pemphigus; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous; Quality of Life; Immunosuppressive Agents; Rituximab; Recurrence; Biological Products
PubMed: 37901249
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1267668 -
Nutrients Oct 2022() is the most prevalent etiology of gastritis worldwide. management depends mainly on antibiotics, especially the triple therapy formed of clarithromycin,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Efficacy and Safety of Polaprezinc-Based Therapy versus the Standard Triple Therapy for Eradication: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.
() is the most prevalent etiology of gastritis worldwide. management depends mainly on antibiotics, especially the triple therapy formed of clarithromycin, amoxicillin, and proton pump inhibitors. Lately, many antibiotic-resistant strains have emerged, leading to a decrease in the eradication rates of Polaprezinc (PZN), a mucosal protective zinc-L-carnosine complex, may be a non-antibiotic agent to treat without the risk of resistance. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a PZN-based regimen for the eradication of This study used a systematic review and meta-analysis synthesizing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from WOS, SCOPUS, EMBASE, PubMed, and Google Scholar until 25 July 2022. We used the odds ratio (OR) for dichotomous outcomes presented with the corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). We registered our protocol in PROSPERO with ID: CRD42022349231. We included 3 trials with a total of 396 participants who were randomized to either PZN plus triple therapy ( = 199) or triple therapy alone (control) ( = 197). Pooled OR found a statistical difference favoring the PZN arm in the intention to treat and per protocol eradication rates (OR: 2.01 with 95% CI [1.27, 3.21], 0.003) and (OR: 2.65 with 95% CI [1.55, 4.54], 0.0004), respectively. We found no statistical difference between the two groups regarding the total adverse events (OR: 1.06 with 95% CI [0.55, 2.06], 0.85). PZN, when added to the triple therapy, yielded a better effect concerning the eradication rates of with no difference in adverse event rates, and thus can be considered a valuable adjuvant for the management of However, the evidence is still scarce, and larger trials are needed to confirm or refute our findings.
Topics: Amoxicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Carnosine; Clarithromycin; Drug Therapy, Combination; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Organometallic Compounds; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Zinc Compounds
PubMed: 36235778
DOI: 10.3390/nu14194126