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BMC Public Health Aug 2015Depressive symptoms are potential outcomes of poorly functioning work environments. Such symptoms are frequent and cause considerable suffering for the employees as well... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Depressive symptoms are potential outcomes of poorly functioning work environments. Such symptoms are frequent and cause considerable suffering for the employees as well as financial loss for the employers. Accordingly good prospective studies of psychosocial working conditions and depressive symptoms are valuable. Scientific reviews of such studies have pointed at methodological difficulties but still established a few job risk factors. Those reviews were published some years ago. There is need for an updated systematic review using the GRADE system. In addition, gender related questions have been insufficiently reviewed.
METHOD
Inclusion criteria for the studies published 1990 to June 2013: 1. European and English speaking countries. 2. Quantified results describing the relationship between exposure (psychosocial or physical/chemical) and outcome (standardized questionnaire assessment of depressive symptoms or interview-based clinical depression). 3. Prospective or comparable case-control design with at least 100 participants. 4. Assessments of exposure (working conditions) and outcome at baseline and outcome (depressive symptoms) once again after follow-up 1-5 years later. 5. Adjustment for age and adjustment or stratification for gender. Studies filling inclusion criteria were subjected to assessment of 1.) relevance and 2.) quality using predefined criteria. Systematic review of the evidence was made using the GRADE system. When applicable, meta-analysis of the magnitude of associations was made. Consistency of findings was examined for a number of possible confounders and publication bias was discussed.
RESULTS
Fifty-nine articles of high or medium high scientific quality were included. Moderately strong evidence (grade three out of four) was found for job strain (high psychological demands and low decision latitude), low decision latitude and bullying having significant impact on development of depressive symptoms. Limited evidence (grade two) was shown for psychological demands, effort reward imbalance, low support, unfavorable social climate, lack of work justice, conflicts, limited skill discretion, job insecurity and long working hours. There was no differential gender effect of adverse job conditions on depressive symptoms
CONCLUSION
There is substantial empirical evidence that employees, both men and women, who report lack of decision latitude, job strain and bullying, will experience increasing depressive symptoms over time. These conditions are amenable to organizational interventions.
Topics: Adult; Comorbidity; Depression; Female; Health Status; Humans; Job Satisfaction; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Diseases; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Sweden; Workload; Workplace
PubMed: 26232123
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1954-4 -
European Journal of Psychotraumatology 2023Parents are a key source of support for children exposed to single-incident/acute traumas and can thereby play a potentially significant role in children's post-trauma... (Review)
Review
Parents are a key source of support for children exposed to single-incident/acute traumas and can thereby play a potentially significant role in children's post-trauma psychological adjustment. However, the evidence base examining parental responses to child trauma and child posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) has yielded mixed findings. We conducted a systematic review examining domains of parental responding in relation to child PTSS outcomes. Studies were included if they (1) assessed children (6-19 years) exposed to a potentially traumatic event, (2) assessed parental responses to a child's trauma, and (3) quantitatively assessed the relationship between parental responses and child PTSS outcomes. A systematic search of three databases (APAPsycNet, PTSDpubs, and Web of Science) yielded 27 manuscripts. Parental overprotection, trauma communication, avoidance of trauma discussion and of trauma reminders, and distraction were consistently related to child PTSS. There was more limited evidence of a role for trauma-related appraisals, harsh parenting, and positive parenting in influencing child outcomes. Significant limitations to the evidence base were identified, including limited longitudinal evidence, single informant bias and small effect sizes. We conclude that key domains of parental responses could be potential intervention targets, but further research must validate the relationship between these parental responses and child PTSS outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Child; Parenting; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Parents
PubMed: 37052099
DOI: 10.1080/20008066.2022.2156053 -
Psycho-oncology Oct 2014The objective of this works is to report the results of a systematic review to evaluate the role of attachment in adjustment to cancer for patients and those close to... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this works is to report the results of a systematic review to evaluate the role of attachment in adjustment to cancer for patients and those close to them.
METHODS
A systematic search of electronic databases was undertaken, identifying literature published up to June 2013. PsychINFO, Medline and the Cumulative Index to Nursing & Allied Health Literature were searched using search strings related to cancer, relationships, attachment and commonly assessed self-report psychosocial outcome measures. Extracted papers were assessed for their relevance. Key data were extracted to spreadsheets, and two raters coded the quality of the research.
RESULTS
Following inclusion assessment, data were extracted from 15 quantitative studies. Scores from patients or caregivers on attachment questionnaires did not differ greatly from normative data. A more insecure attachment style has poorer outcomes for patients in terms of their psychological adjustment to cancer and their ability to perceive and access social support. A secure attachment style is associated with positive growth and better well-being. A more insecure attachment style in caregivers was associated with depression, higher caregiving stress, less autonomous motivations for caregiving and difficulties with caregiving.
CONCLUSIONS
An awareness of attachment theory and the ways in which different forms of insecure attachment impact on patients and caregivers and their well-being may substantially improve the ability of those working with cancer patients and their families to better understand and provide for their support needs. The development and evaluation of support interventions tailored to different attachment styles remains a longer-term goal.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Caregivers; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Motivation; Neoplasms; Object Attachment; Personal Satisfaction; Quality of Life; Social Support; Spouses; Stress, Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 25156192
DOI: 10.1002/pon.3664 -
PloS One 2014Increasing survival rates in childhood cancer have yielded a growing population of parents of childhood cancer survivors (CCSs). This systematic review compiles the... (Review)
Review
Increasing survival rates in childhood cancer have yielded a growing population of parents of childhood cancer survivors (CCSs). This systematic review compiles the literature on positive and negative long-term psychological late effects for parents of CCSs, reported at least five years after the child's diagnosis and/or two years after the end of the child's treatment. Systematic searches were made in the databases CINAHL, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and PubMed. Fifteen studies, published between 1988 and 2010, from 12 projects were included. Thirteen studies used quantitative methodology, one quantitative and qualitative methodology, and one qualitative methodology. A total of 1045 parents participated in the reviewed studies. Mean scores were within normal ranges for general psychological distress, coping, and family functioning. However, a substantial subgroup reported a clinical level of general psychological distress, and 21-44% reported a severe level of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Worry, disease-related thoughts and feelings, marital strains, as well as posttraumatic growth was reported. Several factors were associated with the long-term late effects, such as parents' maladaptive coping during earlier stages of the childs disease trajectory and children's current poor adjustment. Quality assessments of reviewed studies and clinical implications of findings are discussed and recommendations for future research are presented.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Neoplasms; Parents; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Stress, Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires; Survivors
PubMed: 25058607
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103340 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jan 2022Each year, nearly 790.000 new cases of myocardial infarction (MI) are recorded in the United States. Better knowledge of the modifiable risk factors for this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Each year, nearly 790.000 new cases of myocardial infarction (MI) are recorded in the United States. Better knowledge of the modifiable risk factors for this cardiovascular disease remains a major public health issue. In this perspective, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the relationship between post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and risk of subsequent myocardial infarction (MI).
METHODS
A systematic review using PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines was performed by searching four bibliographic databases (PubMed/Medline, PsycINFO, Science Direct and Proquest Dissertations and Theses).
RESULTS
A total of 14 articles were included. Nine of these included depression as a covariate. Among 13 studies (N = 848.903), the pooled HR for the magnitude of the relationship between PTSD and MI was 1.49 (95% CI 1.31-1.69) before adjustment for depression. The pooled HR estimate for the 9 depression-adjusted estimates (N = 814.441) was 1.32 (95% CI 1.12-1.56).
LIMITATIONS
These results should be considered with caution because there is high heterogeneity between studies and possible publication bias; thus, further research is required to support these results.
CONCLUSIONS
Further research is still needed to identify in more precise terms the mediating factors involved in the direct association between PTSD and the subsequent occurrence of ischemic heart disease.
Topics: Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Risk Factors; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 34715167
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.10.056 -
Rheumatology International May 2024The multifaceted nature of Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) symptoms has been explored through clusters analysis.
BACKGROUND
The multifaceted nature of Fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) symptoms has been explored through clusters analysis.
OBJECTIVE
To synthesize the cluster research on FM (variables, methods, patient subgroups, and evaluation metrics).
METHODS
We performed a systematic review following the PRISMA recommendations. Independent searches were performed on PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central, employing the terms "fibromyalgia" and "cluster analysis". We included studies dated to January 2024, using the cluster analysis to assess any physical, psychological, clinical, or biomedical variables in FM subjects, and descriptively synthesized the studies in terms of design, cluster method, and resulting patient profiles.
RESULTS
We included 39 studies. Most with a cross-sectional design aiming to classify subsets based on the severity, adjustment, symptomatic manifestations, psychological profiles, and response to treatment, based on demographic and clinical variables. Two to four different profiles were found according to the levels of severity and adjustment to FMS. According to symptom manifestation, two to three clusters described the predominance of pain versus fatigue, and thermal pain sensitivity (less versus more sensitive). Other clusters revealed profiles of personality (pathological versus non-pathological) and psychological vulnerability (suicidal ideation). Additionally, studies identified different responses to treatment (pharmacological and multimodal).
CONCLUSION
Several profiles exist within FMS population, which point out to the need for specific treatment options given the different profiles and an efficient allocation of healthcare resources. We notice a need towards more objective measures, and the validation of the cluster results. Further research might investigate some of the assumptions of these findings, which are further discussed in this paper.
PubMed: 38748219
DOI: 10.1007/s00296-024-05616-2 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Feb 2023Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease (MND), causes increasing physical impairment and disability. People with ALS/MND face huge... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease (MND), causes increasing physical impairment and disability. People with ALS/MND face huge physical challenges, and the diagnosis can be a source of great psychological distress for both people with ALS/MND and their carers. In such a context, how news of the diagnosis is broken is important. At present, there are no systematic reviews of methods for informing people with ALS/MND of their diagnosis.
OBJECTIVES
To examine the effects and effectiveness of different methods for informing people of a diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease (ALS/MND), including effects on the person's knowledge and understanding of their disease, its treatment, and care; and on coping and adjustment to the effects of ALS/MND, its treatment, and care.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Neuromuscular Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and two trials registers (February 2022). We contacted individuals or organisations to locate studies. We contacted study authors to obtain additional unpublished data.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We planned to include randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs of techniques for informing people with ALS/MND of their diagnosis. We planned to include adults (aged 17 years or over) with ALS/MND, according to the El Escorial criteria.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Three review authors independently reviewed the results of the search to identify RCTs, and three review authors identified non-randomised studies to include in the discussion section. We planned that two review authors would independently extract data, and three would assess the risk of bias in any included trials.
MAIN RESULTS
We did not identify any RCTs that met our inclusion criteria.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
There are no RCTs that evaluate different communication strategies for breaking the bad news for people diagnosed with ALS/MND. Focused research studies are needed to assess the effectiveness and efficacy of different communication methods.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Motor Neuron Disease
PubMed: 36812393
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007593.pub2 -
Research in Developmental Disabilities Jul 2022Social support is a protective factor for siblings of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Social support is a protective factor for siblings of children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
AIMS
We reviewed studies on social support received by siblings of children with neurodevelopmental disorders.
METHODS AND PROCEDURES
We conducted a pre-registered systematic review (CRD42020207686), searching PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus.
OUTCOMES AND RESULTS
Fifteen articles were eligible for the review, 13 of which used cross-sectional designs. Two studies investigated sibling social support after an intervention. Multiple variables were negatively related to social support (e.g., sibling depression, loneliness, stress). Variables that were positively related to social support included prosocial behavior, competence (academic, social, and activity-related), problem-focused coping, and family quality of life. Potential moderators of the relationship between social support and psychosocial adjustment included the type of disorder of the affected sibling and the type of social support provider. We conclude with an overview of the reliability and validity of the seven social support measurements used across the studies.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
Lower levels of social support are associated with more negative psychosocial adjustment among siblings of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. We encourage future researchers to further investigate ways to increase social support for siblings to improve outcomes.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Quality of Life; Reproducibility of Results; Siblings; Social Support
PubMed: 35468570
DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104234 -
Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps Oct 2017Women in the military are a minority group who, in addition to facing exposure to traumatic events due to the nature of the work, face additional stressors while... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Women in the military are a minority group who, in addition to facing exposure to traumatic events due to the nature of the work, face additional stressors while deployed. It is argued that these exposures and experiences place individuals at a significantly higher risk of finding it difficult adjusting post deployment. This paper focuses on the psychological health and well-being of female veterans post-deployment.
METHODS
A systematic review of the literature related to female veterans' experiences upon returning home from deployment was conducted.
RESULTS
Eight in-depth qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria for the study and were analysed using thematic analysis. Five key themes were identified in the papers: (1) bringing the war home, (2) post-deployment adjustment, (3) loss, (4) failed belongingness and (5) post-traumatic growth.
CONCLUSIONS
These studies provide a useful insight into the different psychological health and well-being experiences that female veterans encounter. Additionally, the associated effects upon the individual and their families and communities are considered.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Mental Health; Qualitative Research; Veterans; Young Adult
PubMed: 28356493
DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2016-000705 -
European Journal of Cancer Care Jul 2021With rapid changes in treatments for colorectal cancer (CRC), qualitative research into CRC survivorship requires greater synthesis. This paper aims to fill this gap... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
With rapid changes in treatments for colorectal cancer (CRC), qualitative research into CRC survivorship requires greater synthesis. This paper aims to fill this gap through a systematic review (PROSPERO CRD42019131576) and thematic synthesis of the qualitative literature on survivorship experiences across early-stage and advanced CRC survivors.
METHODS
CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and PubMed were searched for qualitative CRC survivorship papers. Titles, abstracts and full texts were screened. Included articles (n = 81) underwent data extraction, CASP qualitative bias ratings and thematic synthesis.
RESULTS
Bowel dysfunction caused functional limitations and negative quality of life (QoL), while stomas posed threats to body image and confidence. Physical symptoms hindered return to work, increasing financial burdens. Survivors' unmet needs included information regarding symptom expectations and management, and ongoing support throughout recovery. Advanced and early-stage survivors shared similar experiences. Advanced survivors struggled with fear of cancer recurrence/progression and feelings of powerlessness. Functional limitations, financial impacts and sexuality in advanced survivors were underexplored areas.
CONCLUSION
CRC and its treatments impact survivors' QoL in all areas. A coordinated supportive care response is required to address survivors' unmet needs. Future qualitative studies should explore advanced CRC subpopulations, treatment-specific impacts on QoL and long-term (>5 years) impacts on CRC survivors.
Topics: Cancer Survivors; Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Qualitative Research; Quality of Life; Survivorship
PubMed: 33733545
DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13421