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Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy 2023Recently, early maladaptive schemas have been increasingly focused as the underlying factor of several psychopathologies. The primary objective is to systematically... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Recently, early maladaptive schemas have been increasingly focused as the underlying factor of several psychopathologies. The primary objective is to systematically review and meta-analytically analyse the evidence on the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and types of addictive behaviours. Additionally, the secondary objective was to examine potential moderators of the effect sizes.
METHODS
The systematic search was conducted on three databases including 'Scopus', 'Web of Science' and 'PubMed'. They were searched for quantitative studies investigating the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and addictive behaviours. The studies that were non-English and had insufficient information to calculate effect sizes were excluded. The random-effect model was utilized to estimate the pool effect sizes, and the meta-regression was used for moderation analysis.
RESULTS
Thirty-three studies with 12,577 participants were included for analyses. Most of included studies were conducted in the United States (k = 12, 36.36%). The mean ages of participants varied from 13.32 to 46.09 years. The findings indicated that all of early maladaptive schemas and schema domains positively correlated with addictive behaviours. The disconnection and rejection, impaired limits and impaired autonomy were the domains with the highest association with substance addictions (pool r = 0.338, 3.26 and 3.16, respectively). Furthermore, disconnection and rejection and impaired autonomy were the schema domains with the highest association with behavioural addictions (0.310 and 0.304, respectively). The moderation analysis demonstrated that study design was the factor affecting the effect sizes between schema domain and addictive behaviours.
LIMITATION
All included studies were from peer-reviewed journals in English. Moreover, the number of research examining the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and behavioural addictions was limited.
CONCLUSION
The findings provide evidence supporting the idea that substance addictions and behavioural addictions have shared risk factors, supporting the validity of the schema model, which can be applied for targeting and preventing addictive behaviours.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged; Substance-Related Disorders; Risk Factors; Behavior, Addictive
PubMed: 37464912
DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2882 -
Psychological Bulletin Apr 2019Sex and gender differences in psychopathology have been understudied, yet identifying and understanding variability by sex and gender is important for the development of...
Sex and gender differences in psychopathology have been understudied, yet identifying and understanding variability by sex and gender is important for the development of comprehensive etiological models as well as effective assessment and treatment of psychopathology in all persons. In the current article, we discuss the importance of sex and gender in psychopathology research, review terminology used when examining these constructs, and present multiple explanations for differential prevalence rates. Next, we review articles from psychopathology journals and conclude that researchers more often include both males and females than they did two decades ago, but still do not consistently analyze by sex or gender. We also provide an update of male-to-female ratios as presented in the DSM-5 and conduct a systematic review of the literature for selected disorders. We conclude that the DSM-5 presentation of sex or gender ratios is not systematic. Finally, we provide suggestions for the next DSM task force, researchers, journal editors, and funding agencies. These recommendations focus on more consistently and systematically considering sex and gender in all aspects of psychopathology research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Prevalence; Sex Factors
PubMed: 30640497
DOI: 10.1037/bul0000183 -
Clinical Psychology Review Jun 2021How fathers cope with stress may be critical to their mental health during the perinatal period. Using a sequential explanatory design for systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
How fathers cope with stress may be critical to their mental health during the perinatal period. Using a sequential explanatory design for systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to identify associations and causal relations between higher- and lower-order avoidant and approach coping strategies and paternal psychopathology. We searched five electronic databases and grey literature, and used random-effects models to calculate pooled effects from 11 quantitative studies. Meta-analytic results were integrated with findings from 18 qualitative studies. Fathers' avoidant coping was positively associated with global psychopathology and depression. Approach-oriented coping, particularly problem-solving, was associated with positive affect but not psychopathology. Qualitative findings indicate distressed fathers employ avoidant coping strategies such as suppression, distraction, and social withdrawal. Approach-oriented coping strategies such as problem-solving and cognitive reappraisals appeared to be constructive components of men's coping repertoires supporting adaptation to fatherhood. Different coping strategies and approaches may reflect enactment of constrictive, moderate, or reinterpreted masculine norms. Study designs did not allow conclusions about causal relations between coping and psychopathology. Screening for, and targeting of, high avoidant coping among expectant and new fathers may help detect men at risk of or experiencing mental health difficulties and inform clinical response to psychopathology. Research examining whether different patterns of avoidant and approach coping are associated with psychopathology over time could inform interventions to support men's mental health and adaptation to fatherhood.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Fathers; Female; Humans; Male; Men; Mental Disorders; Mental Health; Pregnancy
PubMed: 33975226
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2021.102028 -
BMC Psychiatry May 2017During the last decade there is a growing scientific interest in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). The aim of the current paper was to review systematically the literature... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
During the last decade there is a growing scientific interest in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI). The aim of the current paper was to review systematically the literature with a special focus on the associations between self-injurious behaviours and externalizing psychopathology. An additional aim was to review terminology and measurements of self-injurious behaviour and the connection between self-injurious behaviours and suicide in the included publications.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was conducted on 31st December 2016 in five databases (PubMed, OVID Medline, OVID PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science) with two categories of search terms (1. nonsuicidal self-injury, non-suicidal self-injury, NSSI, self-injurious behaviour, SIB, deliberate self-harm, DSH, self-injury; 2. externalizing disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, ADHD, conduct disorder, CD, oppositional defiant disorder, OD, ODD).
RESULTS
Finally 35 papers were included. Eleven different terms were found for describing self-injurious behaviours and 20 methods for measuring it. NSSI has the clearest definition. All the examined externalizing psychopathologies had strong associations with self-injurious behaviours according to: higher prevalence rates in externalizing groups than in control groups, higher externalizing scores on the externalizing scales of questionnaires, higher symptom severity in self-injurious groups. Eight studies investigated the relationship between suicide and self-injurious behaviours and found high overlap between the two phenomena and similar risk factors.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the current findings the association between externalizing psychopathology and self-injurious behaviours has been proven by the scientific literature. Similarly to other reviews on self-injurious behaviours the confusion in terminology and methodology was noticed. NSSI is suggested for use as a distinct term. Further studies should investigate the role of comorbid conditions in NSSI, especially when internalizing and externalizing pathologies are both presented.
Topics: Conduct Disorder; Humans; Risk Factors; Self-Injurious Behavior; Suicide, Attempted; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 28468644
DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1326-y -
Perspectives on Psychological Science :... Nov 2017Although the belief that creativity is related to psychopathology is prevalent, empirical evidence is limited. Research findings relating to mood disorder in particular... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Although the belief that creativity is related to psychopathology is prevalent, empirical evidence is limited. Research findings relating to mood disorder in particular are mixed, possibly as a result of differing research approaches (e.g., assessing the creativity of individuals with versus without mood disorder opposed to the prevalence of mood disorder in creative versus noncreative individuals). Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to investigate prior research examining the link between mood disorder and creativity from three distinct research approaches. Multilevel random effects models were used to calculate the overall effect size for studies that assessed (a) creativity in a clinical versus nonclinical sample ( k = 13), (b) mood disorder in a creative versus noncreative sample ( k = 10), and (c) the correlation between dimensional measures of creativity and mood disorder symptoms ( k = 15). Potential moderators were examined using meta-regression and subgroup analyses, as significant heterogeneity was detected among the effects in all three analyses. Results reveal a differential strength and pattern of effects across the three analyses, suggesting that the relationship between creativity and mood disorder differs according to the research approach. The theoretical implications of results and potential mechanisms responsible for the relationship between creativity and mood disorder are discussed.
Topics: Creativity; Humans; Mood Disorders
PubMed: 28934560
DOI: 10.1177/1745691617699653 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Jul 2023Emotion dysregulation is at the heart of our work with families. Learning to recognize and regulate emotions is among the most important developmental tasks. Culturally...
Emotion dysregulation is at the heart of our work with families. Learning to recognize and regulate emotions is among the most important developmental tasks. Culturally inappropriate displays of emotion are a major driver of clinical referrals for externalizing problems, but ineffective and maladaptive emotion regulation also contributes to internalizing problems; in fact, emotion dysregulation is central to most psychopathology. Given its ubiquity and importance, it is perhaps surprising that there have not been well-known and well-validated options for assessing it. That is changing. Freitag and Grassie et al. conducted a systematic review of emotion dysregulation questionnaires in children and adolescents. Searching 3 databases, they scanned more than 2,000 articles, retaining more than 500 in their review, capturing 115 different instruments. They found an 8-fold increase in published research comparing the first and second decades of this millennium, and a quadrupling of the number of measures available from 30 to 115. A recent narrative review by Althoff and Ametti of measures of irritability and dysregulation included several neighboring scales outside the scope of Freitag and Grassie et al.'s review..
Topics: Child; Adolescent; Humans; Emotions; Irritable Mood; Psychopathology; Learning; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36898603
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.03.003 -
Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica May 2016Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are core features of psychotic illness and remain significant in predicting poor outcome and risk. There has been a wide range of... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVHs) are core features of psychotic illness and remain significant in predicting poor outcome and risk. There has been a wide range of approaches to understanding these experiences.
METHOD
A systematic literature review summarizing different methods of investigation and their results; phenomenology, descriptive psychopathology, psychological, cognitive neurobiology, and neuroimaging.
RESULTS
A number of 764 papers and texts were screened and 113 reviewed. Phenomenological studies are comparably few in number, and psychopathology remains based on concepts defined in the early 20th century. Psychological models focus on voice content and emotional reaction, and suggest a continuum of AVHs from normal experience. Neuropsychological models include AVHs as misattribution of inner speech, whilst functional neuroimaging studies focus on the spontaneous activity and connectivity of auditory networks.
CONCLUSION
There has been a large growth in research on AVHs in recent decades dominated by neurobiological and neuroimaging studies. Future research should include focus on phenomenological aspects and AVHs change over the course of developing illness. Integration between branches of enquiry is needed, and the risk is that without this, models are proposed and investigated that bear scant relevance to the symptom itself.
Topics: Brain; Hallucinations; Humans; Speech Perception
PubMed: 26661730
DOI: 10.1111/acps.12531 -
BMJ Mental Health Oct 2023This umbrella review and guidelines aimed to provide evidence to support the rational choice of selected adjunctive therapies for schizophrenia.
QUESTION
This umbrella review and guidelines aimed to provide evidence to support the rational choice of selected adjunctive therapies for schizophrenia.
STUDY SELECTION AND ANALYSIS
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP)-grading recommendations, 63 randomised control trials (RCTs) (of which 4219 unique participants have completed the RCTs) and 29 meta-analyses were analysed.
FINDINGS
Provisional recommendations (WFSBP-grade 1) could be made for two molecules in augmentation to antipsychotics: (1) N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC, 1200-3600 mg/day, for >12 consecutive weeks) in improving negative symptoms, general psychopathology (positive and negative syndrome scale for schizophrenia (PANSS) general psychopathology factor (G)-G subscale), with the RCTs with the longer duration showing the most robust findings; (2) polyunsaturated fatty acids (3000 mg/day of eicosapentaenoic acid, for >12 weeks) in improving general psychopathology. Weaker recommendations (ie, WFSBP-grade 2) could be drawn for sarcosine (2 g/day) and minocycline (200-300 mg/day) for improving negative symptoms in chronic schizophrenia (not early schizophrenia), and NAC for improving positive symptoms and cognition. Weak recommendations are not ready for clinical practice. There is provisional evidence that oestrogens and raloxifene are effective in some patients, but further research is needed to determine their benefit/risk ratio.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this umbrella review should be interpreted with caution as the number of RCTs included in the meta-analyses was generally small and the effect sizes were weak or medium. For NAC, two RCTs with low risk of bias have provided conflicting results and the WFSBP-grade recommendation included also the results of meta-analyses. These drugs could be provisionally prescribed for patients for whom no other treatments have been effective, but they should be discontinued if they prove ineffective.
Topics: Humans; Acetylcysteine; Amino Acids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Schizophrenia; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37852631
DOI: 10.1136/bmjment-2023-300771 -
Industrial Psychiatry Journal 2022The alarming growth in online gaming activities in recent years calls for an understanding of the determinants of gaming behaviors among adolescents and young adults. A... (Review)
Review
The alarming growth in online gaming activities in recent years calls for an understanding of the determinants of gaming behaviors among adolescents and young adults. A systematic review was conducted to collate and review all the research studies concerning the understanding of the gaming motives. Relevant published articles were identified through the electronic search from PubMed, Medline, PsycInfo, Sciencedirect, and APA databases. The review identified four major topics of gaming motives, namely gaming behavior, gaming usage pattern, gaming demographics, and associated psychopathology. The review highlighted the role of motives in gaming use and psychopathology. The age of the player was associated with the expression of these motives. Further insights were drawn into the role of motive in the recreational and problematic use of gaming. The study findings emphasize the need to develop adequate interventions to prevent the occurrence of psychological impairments that would result from potentially problematic video gaming.
PubMed: 36419679
DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_154_21 -
Archives of Suicide Research : Official... 2015The objective of this study was to provide a review of studies on suicide in children aged 14 years and younger. Articles were identified through a systematic search of... (Review)
Review
The objective of this study was to provide a review of studies on suicide in children aged 14 years and younger. Articles were identified through a systematic search of Scopus, MEDLINE, and PsychINFO. Key words were "children, suicide, psychological autopsy, and case-study." Additional articles were identified through manual search of reference lists and discussion with colleagues. Fifteen published articles were identified, 8 psychological autopsy studies (PA), and 7 retrospective case-study series. Suicide incidence and gender asymmetry increases with age. Hanging is the most frequent method. Lower rates of psychopathology are evident among child suicides compared to adolescents. Previous suicide attempts were an important risk factor. Children were less likely to consume alcohol prior to suicide. Parent-child conflicts were the most common precipitant.
Topics: Adolescent; Cause of Death; Child; Child Behavior; Depression; Forensic Psychiatry; Humans; Psychology, Adolescent; Psychology, Child; Suicide; Suicide, Attempted
PubMed: 25517290
DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2014.996694