-
British Journal of Anaesthesia Jun 2023Adverse childhood experiences have been linked to increased multimorbidity, with physical and mental health consequences throughout life. Chronic pain is often... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Adverse childhood experiences have been linked to increased multimorbidity, with physical and mental health consequences throughout life. Chronic pain is often associated with mood disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD); both have been linked to adverse childhood experiences. It is unclear how the effect of adverse childhood experiences on neural processing impacts on vulnerability to chronic pain, MDD, or both, and whether there are shared mechanisms. We aimed to assess evidence for central neural changes associated with adverse childhood experiences in subjects with chronic pain, MDD, or both using systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
Electronic databases were systematically searched for neuroimaging studies of adverse childhood experiences, with chronic pain, MDD, or both. Two independent reviewers screened title, abstracts, and full text, and assessed quality. After extraction of neuroimaging data, activation likelihood estimate meta-analysis was performed to identify significant brain regions associated with these comorbidities.
RESULTS
Forty-nine of 2414 studies were eligible, of which 43 investigated adverse childhood experiences and MDD and six investigated adverse childhood experiences and chronic pain. None investigated adverse childhood experiences, chronic pain, and MDD together. Functional and structural brain abnormalities were identified in the superior frontal, lingual gyrus, hippocampus, insula, putamen, superior temporal, inferior temporal gyrus, and anterior cerebellum in patients with MDD exposed to adverse childhood experiences. In addition, brain function abnormalities were identified for patients with MDD or chronic pain and exposure to adverse childhood experiences in the cingulate gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, and precuneus in task-based functional MRI studies.
CONCLUSIONS
We found that adverse childhood experiences exposure can result in different functional and structural brain alterations in adults with MDD or chronic pain compared with those without adverse childhood experiences.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW PROTOCOL
PROSPERO CRD42021233989.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Chronic Pain; Adverse Childhood Experiences; Depression; Likelihood Functions; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Brain
PubMed: 37087334
DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2023.03.008 -
Journal of Neurology Jun 2022Neuroimaging studies have reported gray matter changes in patients with idiopathic dystonia but with considerable variations. Here, we aimed to investigate the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Neuroimaging studies have reported gray matter changes in patients with idiopathic dystonia but with considerable variations. Here, we aimed to investigate the convergence of dystonia-related gray matter changes across studies.
METHODS
The whole brain voxel-based morphometry studies comparing idiopathic dystonia and healthy controls were systematically searched in the PubMed, Web of Science and Embase. Meta-analysis of gray matter changes was performed using the anisotropic effect size-based signed differential mapping.
RESULTS
Twenty-eight studies comparing 701 idiopathic dystonia patients and 712 healthy controls were included in the meta-analysis. Compared to healthy controls, idiopathic dystonia patients showed increased gray matter in bilateral precentral and postcentral gyri, bilateral putamen and pallidum, right insula, and left supramarginal gyrus, while decreased gray matter in bilateral temporal poles, bilateral supplementary motor areas, right angular gyrus, inferior parietal gyrus and precuneus, left insula and inferior frontal gyrus. These findings remained robust in the jackknife sensitivity analysis, and no significant heterogeneity was detected. Subgroup analyses of different phenotypes of dystonia were performed to further confirm the above findings.
CONCLUSION
The meta-analysis showed that consistent widespread gray matter abnormalities were shared in different subtypes of idiopathic dystonia and were not restricted to the corticostriatal circuits.
Topics: Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Dystonia; Gray Matter; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neuroimaging
PubMed: 35013788
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-022-10961-y -
Pediatric Neurology Jan 2016Dyskinetic cerebral palsy affects 15%-20% of patients with cerebral palsy. Basal ganglia injury is associated with dyskinetic cerebral palsy, but the patterns of injury... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Dyskinetic cerebral palsy affects 15%-20% of patients with cerebral palsy. Basal ganglia injury is associated with dyskinetic cerebral palsy, but the patterns of injury within the basal ganglia predisposing to dyskinetic cerebral palsy are unknown, making treatment difficult. For example, deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus interna improves dystonia in only 40% of patients with dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Basal ganglia injury heterogeneity may explain this variability.
METHODS
To investigate this, we conducted a qualitative systematic review of basal ganglia and thalamic damage in dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Reviews and articles primarily addressing genetic or toxic causes of cerebral palsy were excluded yielding 22 studies (304 subjects).
RESULTS
Thirteen studies specified the involved basal ganglia nuclei (subthalamic nucleus, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus, or lentiform nuclei, comprised by the putamen and globus pallidus). Studies investigating the lentiform nuclei (without distinguishing between the putamen and globus pallidus) showed that all subjects (19 of 19) had lentiform nuclei damage. Studies simultaneously but independently investigating the putamen and globus pallidus also showed that all subjects (35 of 35) had lentiform nuclei damage (i.e., putamen or globus pallidus damage); this was followed in frequency by damage to the putamen alone (70 of 101, 69%), the subthalamic nucleus (17 of 25, 68%), the thalamus (88 of 142, 62%), the globus pallidus (7/35, 20%), and the caudate (6 of 47, 13%). Globus pallidus damage was almost always coincident with putaminal damage.
CONCLUSIONS
Noting consistent involvement of the lentiform nuclei in dyskinetic cerebral palsy, these results could suggest two groups of patients with dyskinetic cerebral palsy: those with putamen-predominant damage and those with panlenticular damage involving both the putamen and the globus pallidus. Differentiating between these groups could help predict response to therapies such as deep brain stimulation.
Topics: Animals; Basal Ganglia; Cerebral Palsy; Humans; Thalamus
PubMed: 26706479
DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2015.10.005 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Sep 2023Whether remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD) and MDD present common or distinct neuropathological mechanisms remains unclear. We performed a meta-analysis of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Common and distinct patterns of task-related neural activation abnormalities in patients with remitted and current major depressive disorder: A systematic review and coordinate-based meta-analysis.
Whether remitted major depressive disorder (rMDD) and MDD present common or distinct neuropathological mechanisms remains unclear. We performed a meta-analysis of task-related whole-brain functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using anisotropic effect-size signed differential mapping software to compare brain activation between rMDD/MDD patients and healthy controls (HCs). We included 18 rMDD studies (458 patients and 476 HCs) and 120 MDD studies (3746 patients and 3863 HCs). The results showed that MDD and rMDD patients shared increased neural activation in the right temporal pole and right superior temporal gyrus. Several brain regions, including the right middle temporal gyrus, left inferior parietal, prefrontal cortex, left superior frontal gyrus and striatum, differed significantly between MDD and rMDD. Meta-regression analyses revealed that the percentage of females with MDD was positively associated with brain activity in the right lenticular nucleus/putamen. Our results provide valuable insights into the underlying neuropathology of brain dysfunction in MDD, developing more targeted and efficacious treatment and intervention strategies, and more importantly, providing potential neuroimaging targets for the early screening of MDD.
Topics: Female; Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Brain; Brain Mapping; Prefrontal Cortex; Temporal Lobe; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 37315658
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105284 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2023Pathological tau accumulates in the cerebral cortex of Parkinson's disease (PD), resulting in cognitive deterioration. Positron emission tomography (PET) can be used for...
BACKGROUND
Pathological tau accumulates in the cerebral cortex of Parkinson's disease (PD), resulting in cognitive deterioration. Positron emission tomography (PET) can be used for imaging of tau protein. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of tau protein burden in PD cognitive impairment (PDCI), PD dementia (PDD), and other neurodegenerative diseases and explored the potential of the tau PET tracer as a biomarker for the diagnosis of PDCI.
METHODS
PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases were systematically searched for studies published till 1 June 2022 that used PET imaging to detect tau burden in the brains of PD patients. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) of tau tracer uptake were calculated using random effects models. Subgroup analysis based on the type of tau tracers, meta-regression, and sensitivity analysis was conducted.
RESULTS
A total of 15 eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. PDCI patients ( = 109) had a significantly higher tau tracer uptake in the inferior temporal lobe than healthy controls (HCs) ( = 237) and had a higher tau tracer uptake in the entorhinal region than PD with normal cognition (PDNC) patients ( = 61). Compared with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) patients ( = 215), PD patients ( = 178) had decreased tau tracer uptake in the midbrain, subthalamic nucleus, globus pallidus, cerebellar deep white matter, thalamus, striatum, substantia nigra, dentate nucleus, red nucleus, putamen, and frontal lobe. Tau tracer uptake values of PD patients ( = 178) were lower than those of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) ( = 122) in the frontal lobe and occipital lobe and lower than those in patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) ( = 55) in the occipital lobe and infratemporal lobe.
CONCLUSION
imaging studies with PET could reveal region-specific binding patterns of the tau tracer in PD patients and help in the differential diagnosis of PD from other neurodegenerative diseases.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/.
PubMed: 37181568
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1145939 -
European Journal of Neurology Jun 2016Depression, anxiety and apathy are common mood disturbances in Parkinson's disease (PD) but their pathophysiology is unclear. Advanced neuroimaging has been increasingly... (Review)
Review
Depression, anxiety and apathy are common mood disturbances in Parkinson's disease (PD) but their pathophysiology is unclear. Advanced neuroimaging has been increasingly used to unravel neural substrates linked to these disturbances. A systematic review is provided of neuroimaging findings in depression, anxiety and apathy in PD. A PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE search of peer-reviewed original research articles on these mood disturbances in PD identified 38 studies on depression, eight on anxiety and 14 on apathy in PD. Most of the imaging studies used either position emission tomography or single-photon emission computed tomography techniques. These studies generally suggest increased neural activity in the prefrontal regions and decreased functional connectivity between the prefrontal-limbic networks in depressed patients. Functional imaging studies revealed an inverse correlation between dopaminergic density in the caudate and putamen with the severity of anxiety in PD. There was no consistent correlation between dopaminergic density of thalamus and anxiety. Studies demonstrated both positive and inverse correlations between apathy and metabolism or activity in the striatum, amygdalar, prefrontal, temporal and parietal regions. The clinical variability of study subjects and differences in image pre-processing and analytical strategies may contribute to discrepant findings in these studies. Both nigrostriatal and extra-nigrostriatal pathways (in particular the frontal region and its connecting areas) are affected in mood disorders in PD. Identifying the relative contributions of these neural pathways in PD patients with overlapping motor and mood symptoms could provide new pathophysiological clues for the development of better therapeutic targets for affected patients.
Topics: Anxiety; Apathy; Brain; Depression; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Neuroimaging; Parkinson Disease; Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon
PubMed: 27141858
DOI: 10.1111/ene.13002 -
Brain Imaging and Behavior Dec 2022Our primary objective was to assess consistent activation and deactivation among healthy participants and patients reporting vertigo. Our secondary aim was to evaluate... (Review)
Review
Our primary objective was to assess consistent activation and deactivation among healthy participants and patients reporting vertigo. Our secondary aim was to evaluate the influence of the stimulus and the direction of the perception of self-motion We realized a systematic review with an extensive data visualization. We included neuroimaging studies (e.g., functional magnetic resonance imaging [fMRI], positron emission tomography [PET] or near infrared spectroscopy [NIRS]) that have measured functional activity in human adults reporting vertigo and/or dizziness. We included 21 studies (n = 336 participants), ~ 64% male, age ranging from 18 to 80.5 years. The different stimuli used to induce vertigo: caloric stimulation, galvanic stimulation, visual stimulation or vibratory stimulus on neck muscles. We found a consistent activation of the insular cortex, inferior parietal lobule, putamen, cerebellum, anterior cingulate cortex, precentral gyrus, superior temporal gyrus and thalamus. Cortical and subcortical activation seems to have a contralateral pattern to the perception of self-movement. We found a deactivation pattern of structures related to the ventral and third visual pathway. Vertigo is an unpleasant and subjective experience which involves multiple vestibular and non-specific networks with the involvement of a cortico-basal ganglia- cerebellar-thalamic network.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Male; Adolescent; Young Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Brain Mapping; Photic Stimulation; Neuroimaging; Vertigo
PubMed: 36242719
DOI: 10.1007/s11682-022-00729-3 -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Apr 2022Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) displays widespread disruption across brain regions revealed by resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) with inconsistent... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) displays widespread disruption across brain regions revealed by resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) with inconsistent results between studies. We performed a systematic review of 47 seed-based rsFC studies (1863 patients; 1795 healthy controls) to explore brain intrinsic connectivity alterations. Quantitative coordinate-based meta-analysis was conducted for seed regions in the striatum (putamen, caudate, nucleus accumbens [Nac]), thalamus, and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) because there were an adequate number of studies. We found that OCD patients demonstrated (1) characteristic dysconnectivity between striatum and cortical networks (i.e., caudate hyperconnectivity with the fronto-limbic network and hypoconnectivity with frontoparietal network regions; Nac hypoconnectivity with fronto-limbic network regions), (2) hypoconnectivity between thalamus and striatum (putamen and caudate), and (3) dysconnectivity between the ACC and fronto-limbic network regions. Furthermore, there were negative correlations between particular connectivities and symptom severity and onset age. Our results characterize the traditional cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuit model of OCD pathophysiology through the cerebral intrinsic connectivity, and unified neurocircuitry and brain network models into one integrity to elaborate the neural mechanism of OCD.
Topics: Brain; Brain Mapping; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neural Pathways; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
PubMed: 35151769
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104574 -
Neuropsychologia Jul 2014In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we explore how the time scale of practice affects patterns of brain activity associated with motor skill acquisition.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we explore how the time scale of practice affects patterns of brain activity associated with motor skill acquisition. Fifty-eight studies that involved skill learning with healthy participants (117 contrasts) met inclusion criteria. Two meta-contrasts were coded: decreases: peak coordinates that showed decreases in brain activity over time; increases: peak coordinates that showed increases in activity over time. Studies were grouped by practice time scale: short (≤1 h; 25 studies), medium (>1 and ≤24 h; 18 studies), and long (>24h to 5 weeks; 17 studies). Coordinates were analyzed using Activation Likelihood Estimation to show brain areas that were consistently activated for each contrast. Across time scales, consistent decreases in activity were shown in prefrontal and premotor cortex, the inferior parietal lobules, and the cerebellar cortex. Across the short and medium time scales there were consistent increases in supplementary and primary motor cortex and dentate nucleus. At the long time scale, increases were seen in posterior cingulate gyrus, primary motor cortex, putamen, and globus pallidus. Comparisons between time scales showed that increased activity in M1 at medium time scales was more spatially consistent across studies than increased activity in M1 at long time scales. Further, activity in the striatum (viz. putamen and globus pallidus) was consistently more rostral in the medium time scale and consistently more caudal in the long time scale. These data support neurophysiological models that posit that both a cortico-cerebellar system and a cortico-striatal system are active, but at different time points, during motor learning, and suggest there are associative/premotor and sensorimotor networks active within each system.
Topics: Brain; Brain Mapping; Humans; Learning; Motor Skills; Neural Pathways; Neuroimaging; Time Factors
PubMed: 24831923
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.05.001 -
Neuropsychology Review Sep 2022Fatigue is one of the most debilitating symptoms for people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). By consolidating a diverse and conflicting evidence-base, this systematic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Fatigue is one of the most debilitating symptoms for people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). By consolidating a diverse and conflicting evidence-base, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to gain new insights into the neurobiology of MS fatigue. MEDLINE, ProQuest, CINAHL, Web of Science databases and grey literature were searched using Medical Subject Headings. Eligible studies compared neuroimaging and neurophysiological data between people experiencing high (MS-HF) versus low (MS-LF) levels of perceived MS fatigue, as defined by validated fatigue questionnaire cut-points. Data were available from 66 studies, with 46 used for meta-analyses. Neuroimaging studies revealed lower volumetric measures in MS-HF versus MS-LF for whole brain (-22.74 ml; 95% CI: -37.72 to -7.76 ml; p = 0.003), grey matter (-18.81 ml; 95% CI: -29.60 to -8.03 ml; p < 0.001), putamen (-0.40 ml; 95% CI: -0.69 to -0.10 ml; p = 0.008) and acumbens (-0.09 ml; 95% CI: -0.15 to -0.03 ml; p = 0.003) and a higher volume of T1-weighted hypointense lesions (1.10 ml; 95% CI: 0.47 to 1.73 ml; p < 0.001). Neurophysiological data showed reduced lower-limb maximum voluntary force production (-19.23 N; 95% CI: -35.93 to -2.53 N; p = 0.02) and an attenuation of upper-limb (-5.77%; 95% CI:-8.61 to -2.93%; p < 0.0001) and lower-limb (-2.16%; 95% CI:-4.24 to -0.07%; p = 0.04) skeletal muscle voluntary activation, accompanied by more pronounced upper-limb fatigability (-5.61%; 95% CI: -9.57 to -1.65%; p = 0.006) in MS-HF versus MS-LF. Results suggest that MS fatigue is characterised by greater cortico-subcortical grey matter atrophy and neural lesions, accompanied by neurophysiological decrements, which include reduced strength and voluntary activation. Prospero registration Prospero registration number: CRD42016017934.
Topics: Brain; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fatigue; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Organ Size
PubMed: 33961198
DOI: 10.1007/s11065-021-09508-1