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Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents Mar 2020: Allergic illnesses are one of the most prevalent immunological disorders worldwide and house dust mites are important triggers of these diseases. Allergen-specific...
: Allergic illnesses are one of the most prevalent immunological disorders worldwide and house dust mites are important triggers of these diseases. Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is an alternative treatment to pharmacotherapy and among its technologies, recombinant hypoallergenic derivatives have shown promising features, turn them into safer and more efficient allergy vaccines.: Patents and scientific publications referring to advances in the design of spp. hypoallergenic molecules. Data were obtained from the Espacenet® and PubMed websites, using different key terms, advanced tools and Boolean operators for searches. The retrieved data were then descriptively analyzed, taking into consideration clinical targets, geographical, temporal, collaborative, and different classification aspects of the productions.: Joint advances of molecular biology, genetic engineering, and bioinformatics technologies led to progresses in the design of spp. hypoallergenic derivatives. Collaborative networks seem to be an interesting way not only to improve technologies in AIT but also to boost the number of patents, publications, and grants for researchers. The observed trend for the use of hypoallergenic hybrid molecules was a fundamental AIT advance and this type of molecule appears to be a more attractive product for companies and more convenient, efficient, and safer allergy immunotherapy for patients.
Topics: Allergens; Animals; Desensitization, Immunologic; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Patents as Topic; Pyroglyphidae
PubMed: 31913726
DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2020.1712360 -
Allergologia Et Immunopathologia 2022To determine whether the levels of T-helper (T) 2 cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5) in allergic reactions are allergen dependent and evaluate the impact of various... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
To determine whether the levels of T-helper (T) 2 cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-5) in allergic reactions are allergen dependent and evaluate the impact of various treatment strategies on the levels of these cytokines.
METHODS
The PubMed search engine was used from inception until January 2021. The random-effects residual maximum likelihood model was performed, and effect sizes were estimated using the Hedge's statistic. All data analysis was performed using STATA 16.0 (StataCorp LP, TX, USA).
RESULTS
Fourteen studies reporting on 794 participants were included in this study. House dust mite was associated with eliciting a stronger immune response mediated by both IL-4 and IL-5 when compared to pollen. Whereas a mixture of house dust mite and pollen was associated with IL-4-weighted inflammation. Comparisons of IL-4 and IL-5 levels amongst the allergens showed significant differences. The treatment with anti-corticosteroids or allergen-specific immunotherapy was effective in normalising the T2 responses and alleviating allergy symptoms.
CONCLUSION
T2-mediated inflammation in allergic reactions is allergen-dependent. Therefore, the type of allergen should be considered when using cytokine-targeting biologics in allergic reactions.
Topics: Allergens; Animals; Cytokines; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Inflammation; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-5; Pyroglyphidae; Th2 Cells
PubMed: 34873895
DOI: 10.15586/aei.v50i1.470 -
PloS One 2020Existing evidence on the relationship between childhood lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) and the subsequent atopy development is controversial. We aimed to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
INTRODUCTION
Existing evidence on the relationship between childhood lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) and the subsequent atopy development is controversial. We aimed to investigate an association between viral LRTI at <5 years and the development of atopy at > 2 years.
METHODS
We conducted a search at Embase, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Global Index Medicus. We collected data from the included articles. We estimated the odds ratio and the 95% confidence intervals with a random effect model. We determined factors associated with atopy development after childhood LRTI using univariate and multivariate meta-regression analyses. We recorded this systematic review at PROSPERO with the number CRD42018116955.
RESULTS
We included 24 studies. There was no relationship between viral LRTI at <5 years and skin prick test-diagnosed-atopy (OR = 1.2, [95% CI = 0.7-2.0]), unknown diagnosed-atopy (OR = 0.7, [95% CI = 0.4-1.3]), atopic dermatitis (OR = 1.2, [95% CI = 0.9-1.6]), hyperreactivity to pollen (OR = 0.8, [95% CI = 0.3-2.7]), food (OR = 0.8, [95% CI = 0.3-2.5]), or house dust mite (OR = 1.1, [95% CI = 0.6-2.2]). Although not confirmed in all studies with a symmetric distribution of the 23 confounding factors investigated, the overall analyses showed that there was a relationship between childhood viral LRTI at < 5 years and serum test diagnosed-atopy (OR = 2.0, [95% CI = 1.0-4.1]), allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (OR = 1.7, [95% CI = 1.1-2.9]), hyperreactivity diagnosed by serum tests with food (OR = 5.3, [1.7-16.7]) or inhaled allergens (OR = 4.2, [95% CI = 2.1-8.5]), or furred animals (OR = 0.6, [95% CI = 0.5-0.9]).
CONCLUSION
These results suggest that there is no association between viral LRTI at < 5 years and the majority of categories of atopy studied during this work. These results, however, are not confirmed for the remaining categories of atopy and more particularly those diagnosed by serum tests. There is a real need to develop more accurate atopy diagnostic tools.
Topics: Allergens; Animals; Asthma; Child; Conjunctivitis, Allergic; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; Humans; Pollen; Respiratory Tract Infections; Rhinitis, Allergic; Skin Tests; Time Factors
PubMed: 32330171
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231816 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and... Dec 2022Most patients with allergic rhinitis are polysensitized. The efficacy of house dust mite (HDM) allergen immunotherapy (AIT) compared between monosensitized and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Most patients with allergic rhinitis are polysensitized. The efficacy of house dust mite (HDM) allergen immunotherapy (AIT) compared between monosensitized and polysensitized patients remains limited.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the efficacy and safety of HDM AIT compared between monosensitized and polysensitized patients with allergic rhinitis.
METHODS
We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and the Cochrane central register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) until June 2022. The primary outcome was the changes from baseline in total nasal symptom score (TNSS). Secondary outcomes were changes from baseline in total medication score (TMS), combined symptom medication score (CSMS), visual analog scale (VAS), Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality of Life Questionnaire (RQLQ) score, immunological parameters, and adverse events (AEs).
RESULTS
Of 13 eligible studies, 10 prospective cohorts, 2 retrospective cohorts, and 1 matched cohort, we identified 10 studies for quantitative synthesis. There were 1,113 patients with allergic rhinitis, 566 with HDM monosensitization and 547 with polysensitization to HDM and other allergens. There was no significant difference in the pooled mean changes of the 2 groups in TNSS (SMD -0.05, 95%CI: -0.22 to 0.11, p = 0.532) and VAS (SMD -0.20, 95%CI: -0.42 to 0.01, p = 0.060) with moderate certainty of evidence. The changes in TMS, CSMS, and RQLQ were similar between the 2 groups with very low certainty of evidence. The AEs were mild and comparable between the 2 groups. The immunological indices remained inconsistent and were not predictive of clinical responses.
CONCLUSIONS
A single HDM AIT similarly improved clinical outcomes in monosensitized and polysensitized patients with allergic rhinitis.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Retrospective Studies; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Sublingual Immunotherapy; Treatment Outcome; Rhinitis, Allergic; Allergens; Antigens, Dermatophagoides; Conjunctivitis; Pyroglyphidae
PubMed: 36278778
DOI: 10.12932/AP-190822-1440 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... May 2022House dust mite sublingual immunotherapy (HDM SLIT) effectively treats allergic rhinitis (AR). However, the evidence of HDM SLIT for allergic asthma remained limited.
BACKGROUND
House dust mite sublingual immunotherapy (HDM SLIT) effectively treats allergic rhinitis (AR). However, the evidence of HDM SLIT for allergic asthma remained limited.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the efficacy and safety of HDM SLIT tablets in patients with allergic asthma.
METHODS
We performed a systematic search through PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Center of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that addressed the efficacy and safety of HDM SLIT tablets compared with placebo or no intervention in allergic asthma from their inception date until September 2021. The primary outcome was the reduction in inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) dose. Additional outcomes were asthma control, exacerbation, lung function, quality-of-life, and adverse events.
RESULTS
There were 7 RCTs, 5 studies in allergic asthma (4 in adults and 1 in children), and 2 in AR with or without asthma. The 6 standardized quality (SQ) HDM effectively reduced ICS dose in well- to partly controlled mild-to-moderate asthma in 1 RCT. Two RCTs evaluated the efficacy of 6 SQ and 12 SQ HDM in reducing asthma exacerbation in partly controlled moderate-to-severe asthma, and their results were inconsistent. One study in children with mild-to-moderate asthma found no benefit of HDM SLIT. Two RCTs in AR with or without mild-to-moderate asthma showed improvement of asthma symptoms. Adverse events were primarily local, and anaphylaxis treated with epinephrine was reported in 3 patients.
CONCLUSIONS
The HDM SLIT tablets tend to effectively reduce ICS use in adults and adolescents with well- to partly controlled mild-to-moderate allergic asthma with a favorable safety profile.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Child; Humans; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Antigens, Dermatophagoides; Asthma; Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus; Pyroglyphidae; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rhinitis, Allergic; Sublingual Immunotherapy; Tablets; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 35181547
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2022.01.046 -
Rhinology Aug 2021Selecting an appropriate allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) regimen for polysensitised allergic rhinitis (AR) patients is challenging for clinicians. Although... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Selecting an appropriate allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) regimen for polysensitised allergic rhinitis (AR) patients is challenging for clinicians. Although previous studies showed comparable effectiveness of single-allergen AIT with house dust mite (HDM) extract between monosensitised and polysensitised AR patients, there is no systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrating the comparable effectiveness of HDM AIT. In this meta-analysis, we analysed nine studies to compare the clinical effectiveness of HDM AIT. The primary outcome was nasal symptom score and secondary outcomes were medication and quality of life scores. The changes in nasal symptom score after HDM AIT did not significantly differ between monosensitised and polysensitised patients. The clinical effectiveness of HDM AIT regarding medication and quality of life score was not significantly different between monosensitised and polysensitised patients). In conclusion, single-allergen AIT with HDM extract showed comparable clinical effectiveness between polysensitised and monosensitised patients with AR.
Topics: Animals; Desensitization, Immunologic; Humans; Pyroglyphidae; Quality of Life; Rhinitis, Allergic; Sublingual Immunotherapy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34180463
DOI: 10.4193/Rhin20.588 -
International Forum of Allergy &... Nov 2020Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a major public health problem and is increasing worldwide. AR affects children's learning efficiency, sleep quality, and other major aspects of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a major public health problem and is increasing worldwide. AR affects children's learning efficiency, sleep quality, and other major aspects of life. Sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT) is effective and safe for children with seasonal AR, but for children with perennial allergic rhinitis (PAR) caused by house dust mites (HDM), its effectiveness and safety is less convincing.
METHODS
Medical literature databases up to 2019 were searched for published and unpublished pieces of evidence. Studies were individually screened by 2 reviewers against the eligibility criteria. Primary outcomes were total nasal symptoms scores (TNSS) and total medication scores (TMS). The secondary outcomes were total ocular symptoms scores and adverse events (AEs). Random effect models and fixed-effect models were used to calculate the standard mean difference (SMD) and risk ratio (RR), respectively.
RESULTS
We identified 3772 abstracts, of which only 16 studies met our established criteria. SLIT significantly reduced TNSS (SMD -1.73; 95% CI, -2.62 to -0.84; p = 0.0001) and TMS (SMD -1.21; 95% CI, -1.75 to -0.67; p < 0.00001). Compared with children taking placebo, children taking SLIT were 1.08 (95% CI, 1 to 1.17; p = 0.05), 1.15 (95% CI, 0.87 to 1.51; p = 0.32), and 1.68 (95% CI, 0.68 to 4.11; p = 0.26) times more likely to develop mild, moderate, and severe AEs, respectively.
CONCLUSION
HDM SLIT can effectively alleviate TNSS and TMS in children with PAR, but care should be taken to avoid harm due to possible adverse drug reactions.
Topics: Allergens; Animals; Antigens, Dermatophagoides; Child; Humans; Pyroglyphidae; Rhinitis; Rhinitis, Allergic; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Sublingual Immunotherapy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32329187
DOI: 10.1002/alr.22589 -
Revista Alergia Mexico (Tecamachalco,... Feb 2024Review the historical records of house dust mites in the countries of the Pacific and continental Caribbean of Latin America.
OBJECTIVE
Review the historical records of house dust mites in the countries of the Pacific and continental Caribbean of Latin America.
METHODS
A systematic review was carried out, adapting the PRISMA method, in digital repositories using a combination of the terms in Spanish: "ácaros domésticos" "alergia" and in English: "dust mites" "allergy" with the names of the countries "Costa Rica". "Panamá" "Venezuela" "Colombia" "Ecuador" "Peru" between 1970-2022. The inclusion criteria were presence of the mite species, city or municipality, country, height above sea level and year. A database was built in Microsoft Excel Office 365. Maps were created using QGIS 3.30 geographic information systems and descriptive statistics were used to analyze the findings.
RESULTS
From the search and identification, 3959 references were obtained, of which 133 were considered potentially eligible, of these 45 met inclusion criteria, and only 32 presented records of domestic mite species. Historically there were 424 records and 27 species (18 genera and 9 families). The countries with the most studies and records were Colombia (14 and 242), Panama (8 and 64) and Peru (5 and 74). 66% (281/424) of the records were of the species (81), followed by (58), (40), (39), . (33) and (30). The species with the greatest altitudinal range were , (2-4800 m.a.s.l) and (2- 3399 m.a.s.l).
CONCLUSIONS
A synthesis was presented on the historical geographical and altitudinal distribution of house dust mites in countries of the Pacific and continental Caribbean of Latin America, which in turn allowed us to determine the species with the greatest records, highlighting those of importance in allergology. These findings are an input for acarological surveillance in public health.
Topics: Animals; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Latin America; Pyroglyphidae; Pacific Ocean; Caribbean Region
PubMed: 38683087
DOI: 10.29262/ram.v71i1.1307