-
Irish Journal of Medical Science Mar 2024Perianal wound healing and/or complications are common following abdominoperineal resection (APR). Although primary closure is commonly undertaken, myocutaneous flap... (Review)
Review
Primary closure versus vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous (VRAM) flap closure of perineal wound following abdominoperineal resection-a systematic review and meta-analysis.
PURPOSE/AIM
Perianal wound healing and/or complications are common following abdominoperineal resection (APR). Although primary closure is commonly undertaken, myocutaneous flap closure such as vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap (VRAM) is thought to improve wound healing process and outcome. A comprehensive meta-analysis was performed to compare outcomes of primary closure versus VRAM flap closure of perineal wound following APR.
METHODS
PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Registry of Controlled Trials were comprehensively searched until the 8th of August 2023. Included studies underwent meta-analysis to compare outcomes of primary closure versus VRAM flap closure of perineal wound following APR. The primary outcome of interest was perineal wound complications, and the secondary outcomes were abdominal wound complications, dehiscence, wound healing time, length of hospital stay, and mortality.
RESULTS
Ten studies with 1141 patients were included. Overall, 853 patients underwent primary closure (74.8%) and 288 patients underwent VRAM (25.2%). Eight studies reported on perineal wound complications after APR: 38.2% (n = 263/688) in the primary closure group versus 32.8% (n = 80/244) in the VRAM group. Perineal complication rates were statistically significantly lower in the VRAM group versus primary closure ((M-H OR, 1.61; 95% CI 1.04-2.49;
CONCLUSION
We highlight the advantage of VRAM flap closure over primary closure for perineal wounds following APR. However, tailoring operative strategy based on patient and disease factors remains important in optimising outcomes.
PubMed: 38532236
DOI: 10.1007/s11845-024-03651-3 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery May 2016Abdominoperineal resection and pelvic exenteration for resection of malignancies can lead to large perineal defects with significant surgical-site morbidity.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Abdominoperineal resection and pelvic exenteration for resection of malignancies can lead to large perineal defects with significant surgical-site morbidity. Myocutaneous flaps have been proposed in place of primary closure to improve wound healing. A systematic review was conducted to compare primary closure with myocutaneous flap reconstruction of perineal defects following abdominoperineal resection or pelvic exenteration with regard to surgical-site complications.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search was conducted using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines in the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases. After data extraction from included studies, meta-analysis was performed to compare outcome parameters defining surgical-site complications of flap and primary closure.
RESULTS
Our systematic review yielded 10 eligible studies (one randomized controlled trial and nine retrospective studies) involving 566 patients (226 flaps and 340 primary closures). Eight studies described rectus abdominis myocutaneous flaps and two studies used gracilis flaps. In meta-analysis, primary closure was more than twice as likely to be associated with total perineal wound complications compared with flap closure (OR, 2.17; 95 percent CI, 1.34 to 3.14; p = 0.001). Rates of major perineal wound complications were also significantly higher in the primary closure group (OR, 3.64; 95 percent CI, 1.43 to 7.79; p = 0.005). There was no statistically significant difference between primary and flap closure for minor perineal wound complications, abdominal hernias, length of stay, or reoperation rate.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first systematic review with meta-analysis comparing primary closure with myocutaneous flap closure for pelvic reconstruction. The authors' results have validated the use of myocutaneous flaps for reducing perineal morbidity following abdominoperineal resection or pelvic exenteration.
CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
Therapeutic, II.
Topics: Anus Neoplasms; Female; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Genital Neoplasms, Male; Gracilis Muscle; Hernia, Abdominal; Humans; Length of Stay; Male; Myocutaneous Flap; Pelvic Exenteration; Perineum; Postoperative Complications; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Rectus Abdominis; Reoperation; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing
PubMed: 26796372
DOI: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000002107 -
Breast Cancer Research and Treatment Jul 2015Transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) and its derivatives are the most commonly performed autologous breast reconstruction procedures. These procedures were... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) and its derivatives are the most commonly performed autologous breast reconstruction procedures. These procedures were not recommended in the past for those who planned for subsequent childbearing because of the transposition of portions of the abdominal wall during the procedure into the anatomic position of the breast, implying possible adverse effects over the contour of these manipulated areas during pregnancy and delivery. We conducted a systematic review to assess the literature on esthetic or functional consequences of childbearing over the breast and abdomen after these procedures in patients that were affected by breast cancer. A comprehensive literature search in databases and citation indexes was conducted from February 2014 to April 2015. Any paper on pregnancy after breast reconstruction by TRAM or its derivatives and modifications, written in English or French, were included. The search results underwent a first screening to exclude duplicate and irrelevant papers. Full texts were then reviewed as to the criteria for inclusion, and data were extracted into data extraction forms from eligible papers. The initial search yielded 5132 articles. After screening and review, overall 17 papers met all criteria for inclusion in this review. Our work revealed that uneventful pregnancy and delivery can be anticipated in breast cancer survivors who had undergone breast reconstruction via TRAM or its derivatives with minor negative effects on either the breast or the abdomen.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Mammaplasty; Postoperative Complications; Pregnancy; Surgical Flaps; Survivors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26047577
DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3449-5 -
The Journal of Surgical Research May 2021Rectus sheath block (RSB) has been increasingly used for pain management after laparoscopic procedures but with a conflicting data on its analgesic efficacy. We... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Rectus sheath block (RSB) has been increasingly used for pain management after laparoscopic procedures but with a conflicting data on its analgesic efficacy. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RSB in adults undergoing laparoscopic surgery.
METHODS
A systematic literature search of the PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases was conducted from inception through October 1, 2020, to identify trials comparing RSB with a control group in laparoscopic surgery. The primary outcome was rest pain scores at 0-2 h postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included pain scores at rest at 10-12 and 24 h postoperatively, pain scores on movement at 0-2, 10-12, and 24 h postoperatively, 24- and 48-h opioid consumption, opioid-related side effects, and RSB-associated adverse events.
RESULTS
Nine trials with 698 patients were included. RSB was associated with significantly lower rest pain scores at 0-2 h postoperatively (standardized mean difference -1.83, 95% confidence interval [-2.70, -0.96], P < 0.001, I = 95%) than control. Furthermore, RSB significantly reduced pain scores at rest at 10-12 h postoperatively and on movement at 0-2 h postoperatively, 24-h opioid consumption, and opioid-related side effects. Other secondary outcomes were similar between groups. Preoperative RSB provided better pain control compared with postoperative block administration. None of the studies reported local or systemic complications related to RSB.
CONCLUSIONS
In the setting of laparoscopic surgery, RSB improves pain control for up to 12 h postoperatively and reduces opioid consumption, without major reported adverse events.
Topics: Analgesia; Humans; Laparoscopy; Pain, Postoperative; Rectus Abdominis
PubMed: 33387729
DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.12.003 -
Annales de Chirurgie Plastique Et... Jun 2023Endoscopic treatment of diastasis rectus abdominis offers the possibility of correcting the condition without complete abdominoplasty. The purpose of this study was to...
INTRODUCTION
Endoscopic treatment of diastasis rectus abdominis offers the possibility of correcting the condition without complete abdominoplasty. The purpose of this study was to develop a training method on fresh cadavers models based on a literature review on this surgery.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The endoscopic procedure considered involved the insertion of a 10mm suprapubic trocar and of 5mm trocars in each iliac fossae. The muscle suture is done using running barbed suture. The surgery was performed on eight fresh cadavers to estimate the learning curve for this intervention, which was estimated with the CUSUM method. A systematic literature review in the PubMed database was performed, and 20 articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed.
RESULTS
The learning curve threshold was reached after 6 operations and can be separated into two phases. The most common complication of this surgery is seroma, it is encountered in 3 to 27% of cases according to the studies. Diastasis recurrence is rare, occurring in less than 2% of cases. In comparison, open surgical treatment of diastasis recti is associated with a higher risk of hematoma, skin necrosis and longer operating times. Recurrence rates are similarly low after open and endoscopic repair. Mesh reinforcement is indicated in cases of diastasis wider than 5cm, diastasis recurrence, severe musculoaponeurotic laxity, or hernia larger than 1cm.
CONCLUSION
The data in the literature indicate that laparoscopic surgery is an efficient and safe approach to correct diastasis of the rectus muscles and can be offered by plastic surgeons to selected patients.
Topics: Humans; Rectus Abdominis; Diastasis, Muscle; Laparoscopy; Abdominoplasty; Orthopedic Procedures
PubMed: 37121846
DOI: 10.1016/j.anplas.2023.03.004 -
International Journal of Colorectal... Mar 2022Parastomal hernia (PSH) is a common and serious complication in patients with enterostomy, but there is no current consensus for the risk factors for PSH from previous... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
Parastomal hernia (PSH) is a common and serious complication in patients with enterostomy, but there is no current consensus for the risk factors for PSH from previous studies. Therefore, this study systematically analyzed the risk factors for PSH to provide a reference for prevention and treatment of this condition.
METHODS
Seven databases and 3 registers were systematically searched from database inception to January, 2021. Study quality was assessed by Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Review Manager 5.3 software was used for statistical analysis. The data that could not be combined quantitatively were only analyzed qualitatively.
RESULTS
Sixteen studies with 2031 patients were included. Higher BMI (OR, 1.29; 95% CI,1.02-1.63), older age (OR, 1.04; 95% CI, 1.02-1.07), female (OR, 2.55; 95% CI,1.39-4.67), lager aperture size (OR, 2.8; 95%CI, 1.78-4.42), transperitoneal stoma creation (OR, 2.4; 95% CI, 1.33-4.35), and lager waist circumference (OR, 1.01; 95% CI,1.0-1.01) were significant risk factors for PSH. The laparoscopic approach was not a risk factor for PSH (OR, 2.09; 95% CI, 0.83-5.27). Other risk factors, including the thickness of abdominal subcutaneous fat, no mesh, a stoma not through the middle of the rectus abdominis, atrophy of left lower medial part of rectus abdominis, α1(III) procollagen expression level, emergency surgery, no preoperative stoma site marking, end colostomy, smoking, diabetes, peristomal infection, severe abdominal distention, severe cough, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, operation time and hypertension, were significant on the multivariate analysis of each individual study.
CONCLUSIONS
The current available evidence showed that higher BMI, older age, female, larger aperture size, the creation of a transperitoneal stoma, and a larger waist circumference were independent risk factors for PSH. For factors without exact cutoff value, further explorations are needed in the future. In addition, reference to the limited number of studies in the pooled analysis, these factors still need to be interpreted carefully.
Topics: Colostomy; Enterostomy; Hernia, Ventral; Humans; Risk Factors; Surgical Mesh; Surgical Stomas
PubMed: 35028686
DOI: 10.1007/s00384-021-04068-5 -
Journal of Plastic, Reconstructive &... Feb 2020Following the excision of sacral tumors, plastic surgeons are often faced with a large soft tissue defect that necessitates flap coverage to promote wound healing and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Following the excision of sacral tumors, plastic surgeons are often faced with a large soft tissue defect that necessitates flap coverage to promote wound healing and obliterate the resulting dead space. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes and complications following soft tissue reconstruction of sacrectomy defects.
METHODS
Applying the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), a comprehensive search of several databases was performed from 1950 to 2019 for articles reporting outcomes of soft tissue flap reconstruction after sacrectomy. Demographics, surgical characteristics, and complication rates were abstracted and analyzed.
RESULTS
A total of 544 articles were identified in the initial search, out of which 26 met our inclusion criteria. Gluteal-based flap was the most commonly used (50%), followed by the vertical rectus abdominis myocutaneous (VRAM) flap (38%) and free latissimus dorsi (5%). Patients who underwent high sacrectomy had significantly higher local complications than those who underwent low sacrectomy [OR: 2.57(1.12,5.92); p = 0.03]. Patients who received preoperative radiation had a significantly higher complication rate than those who did not [OR: 2.91(1.25,6.79); p = 0.01]. The pooled local complication rate was 37% in the gluteal-based flap group and 50% in the VRAM flap group. Total flap loss was identified in 1 gluteal and 2 VRAM flaps.
CONCLUSION
Gluteal-based and VRAM flaps are the two most common options for soft tissue reconstruction after sacrectomy. Both flaps demonstrate a high complication rate after this morbid procedure; however, total flap loss seems to be a rare occurrence. Most patients can achieve good functional outcome following reconstruction.
Topics: Humans; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Sacrococcygeal Region; Sacrum; Surgical Flaps
PubMed: 31757686
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2019.09.049 -
The Breast Journal 2022Numerous studies have evaluated the use of autologous abdominal tissue for breast reconstruction; nevertheless, complications and donor site morbidity rates vary... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Numerous studies have evaluated the use of autologous abdominal tissue for breast reconstruction; nevertheless, complications and donor site morbidity rates vary significantly. The study aims to compare the literature regarding morbidity of the donor site and complication rates of breast reconstruction with autologous abdominal flaps.
METHODS
The databases of MEDLINE, EBSCO, Scopus, Wiley Library, and Web of Sciences were searched for studies that compared different flaps in terms of complications and donor site morbidity. The procedures studied included pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap (pTRAM), free TRAM (fTRAM), deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP), and superficial inferior epigastric artery perforator (SIEA) flaps. A total of 34 studies were included. Of these, 28 were retrospective studies and 9 were prospective cohort studies.
RESULTS
When compared to DIEP, fTRAM flaps were found to have a decreased incidence of flap fat necrosis, hematoma, and total thrombotic events, yet a higher risk of donor site hernia/bulging. pTRAM flaps were also associated with an increased risk of hernia/bulging at the donor site, as well as wound infection, yet flap hematoma was less common. On the other hand, SIEA flaps showed the lowest risk of donor site hernia/bulging while still having a high risk of wound infection.
CONCLUSION
fTRAM procedures comparatively had the least complications. However, regarding flap choice, patients would benefit most from a case-by-case analysis, taking into consideration individual risk factors and preferences.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Female; Hematoma; Hernia; Humans; Mammaplasty; Morbidity; Perforator Flap; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Rectus Abdominis; Retrospective Studies; Wound Infection
PubMed: 35847769
DOI: 10.1155/2022/7857158 -
Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and... Sep 2021
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Body Image; Diagnostic Self Evaluation; Diastasis, Muscle; Female; Humans; Low Back Pain; Muscle Weakness; Pelvic Floor Disorders; Quality of Life; Rectus Abdominis; Self Report; Symptom Assessment
PubMed: 33227494
DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2020.101995 -
International Urogynecology Journal Jan 2017Neovaginal prolapse (NP) is a rare event as few cases have been reported in the literature. Its management is complex and depends on the initial pathology, the... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS
Neovaginal prolapse (NP) is a rare event as few cases have been reported in the literature. Its management is complex and depends on the initial pathology, the vaginoplasty technique and the patient's history. We present a review the literature on this rare event.
METHODS
We describe the case of a 72-year-old woman who presented with NP 1 year after pelvic exenteration and radiotherapy for recurrent cervical carcinoma associated with vaginal reconstruction by shaped-tube omentoplasty. She had undergone two previous surgical procedures (posterior sacrospinous ligament suspension and partial colpocleisis), but NP recurred each time within a few months. We performed an anterior approach to the sacrospinous ligament and inserted a mesh under the anterior wall of the neovagina, with the two mesh arms driven through the sacrospinous ligament in a tension-free manner (Uphold Lite® system). The MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials and OpenGrey databases were systematically searched for literature on the management of NP following bowel vaginoplasty, mechanical dilatation, graciloplasty, omentoplasty, rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap and the Davydov procedure.
RESULTS
The postoperative course in the patient whose case is described was uneventful and after 1 year of follow-up, the anatomical results and patient satisfaction were good. The systematic search of the databases revealed several studies on the treatment of NP using abdominal and vaginal approaches, and these are reviewed.
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, sacrocolpopexy would appear to be a good option for the treatment of prolapse after bowel vaginoplasty, but too few cases have been reported to establish this technique as the standard management of NP.
Topics: Aged; Carcinoma; Female; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Pelvic Exenteration; Postoperative Complications; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Sacrum; Surgical Mesh; Treatment Outcome; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Uterine Prolapse; Vagina
PubMed: 27038991
DOI: 10.1007/s00192-016-3009-5