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Evidence-based Complementary and... 2016. Although the effectiveness of acupuncture therapy on functional dyspepsia (FD) has been systematically reviewed, the available reports are still contradictive and no... (Review)
Review
. Although the effectiveness of acupuncture therapy on functional dyspepsia (FD) has been systematically reviewed, the available reports are still contradictive and no robust evidence has been provided to date. . To assess the current evidence of high quality on the effects of acupuncture for patients with FD. . A comprehensive literature database search was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing acupuncture therapies (including manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture) to sham acupuncture and medication use. A meta-analysis was performed following a strict methodology. . 16 RCTs involving 1436 participants were included. The majority of the trials were determined to be of low quality. Positive results were found for acupuncture in improving the Nepean Dyspepsia Index (NDI) and scores of the MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36), as well as in alleviating relevant symptoms (especially postprandial fullness and early satiation) of FD patients. . Based on current available evidence, acupuncture therapy achieves statistically significant effect for FD in comparison with sham acupuncture and is superior to medication (prokinetic agents) in improving the symptoms and quality of life of FD patients. Nonetheless, despite stringent methodological analyses, the conclusion of our review still needs to be strengthened by additional RCTs of higher quality.
PubMed: 28119758
DOI: 10.1155/2016/3862916 -
Sports Medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) Dec 2016It has been proposed that habitual physical activity improves appetite control; however, the evidence has never been systematically reviewed. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
It has been proposed that habitual physical activity improves appetite control; however, the evidence has never been systematically reviewed.
OBJECTIVE
To examine whether appetite control (e.g. subjective appetite, appetite-related peptides, food intake) differs according to levels of physical activity.
DATA SOURCES
Medline, Embase and SPORTDiscus were searched for articles published between 1996 and 2015, using keywords pertaining to physical activity, appetite, food intake and appetite-related peptides.
STUDY SELECTION
Articles were included if they involved healthy non-smoking adults (aged 18-64 years) participating in cross-sectional studies examining appetite control in active and inactive individuals; or before and after exercise training in previously inactive individuals.
STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS
Of 77 full-text articles assessed, 28 studies (14 cross-sectional; 14 exercise training) met the inclusion criteria.
RESULTS
Appetite sensations and absolute energy intake did not differ consistently across studies. Active individuals had a greater ability to compensate for high-energy preloads through reductions in energy intake, in comparison with inactive controls. When physical activity level was graded across cross-sectional studies (low, medium, high, very high), a significant curvilinear effect on energy intake (z-scores) was observed.
LIMITATIONS
Methodological issues existed concerning the small number of studies, lack of objective quantification of food intake, and various definitions used to define active and inactive individuals.
CONCLUSION
Habitually active individuals showed improved compensation for the energy density of foods, but no consistent differences in appetite or absolute energy intake, in comparison with inactive individuals. This review supports a J-shaped relationship between physical activity level and energy intake. Further studies are required to confirm these findings.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42015019696.
Topics: Appetite; Appetite Regulation; Energy Intake; Exercise; Humans; Satiation
PubMed: 27002623
DOI: 10.1007/s40279-016-0518-9 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2023Eating habits developed during childhood can be perpetuated along life and contribute to the emergence of disorders. We aimed to investigate the influence of distractors... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Eating habits developed during childhood can be perpetuated along life and contribute to the emergence of disorders. We aimed to investigate the influence of distractors during experimental meals on the energy intake of children and adolescents. We followed the PRISMA guidelines and the study was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021259946). The PICOS strategy consisted of children and adolescents (P), exposed to distractors during meals (I), compared with no distraction (C) and the outcome was energy intake (Kcal) (O) evaluated in crossover and parallel randomized clinical trials (RCTs) (S). Searches were conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane, Proquest, Embase, and LILACs databases. We employed RoB 2 tool and NutriGrade. Databases searches returned 9,576 references. Thirteen articles were selected (five crossover and eight parallel RCTs). Volunteers aged 3 to 17 years-old. All studies evaluated TV as distractor. Most studies presented high/moderate risk of bias. Meta-analysis of parallel RCT indicated no significant difference in energy intake while eating with TV (MD = 0.05; 95% CI -0.13 - 0.23, P = 0.57), with moderate certainty level. In conclusion, under laboratory conditions, eating with distractors seems to barely alter energy intake for children and adolescents.Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2022.2055525 .
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Child, Preschool; Energy Intake; Research Design
PubMed: 35343848
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2055525 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2022In this work, we evaluate the status of both theory and empirical evidence in the field of experimental rest-break research based on a framework that combines...
In this work, we evaluate the status of both theory and empirical evidence in the field of experimental rest-break research based on a framework that combines mental-chronometry and psychometric-measurement theory. To this end, we (1) provide a taxonomy of rest breaks according to which empirical studies can be classified (e.g., by differentiating between long, short, and micro-rest breaks based on context and temporal properties). Then, we (2) evaluate the theorizing in both the basic and applied fields of research and explain how popular concepts (e.g., ego depletion model, opportunity cost theory, attention restoration theory, action readiness, etc.) relate to each other in contemporary theoretical debates. Here, we highlight differences between all these models in the light of two symbolic categories, termed the resource-based and satiation-based model, including aspects related to the dynamics and the control (strategic or non-strategic) mechanisms at work. Based on a critical assessment of existing methodological and theoretical approaches, we finally (3) provide a set of guidelines for both theory building and future empirical approaches to the experimental study of rest breaks. We conclude that a psychometrically advanced and theoretically focused research of rest and recovery has the potential to finally provide a sound scientific basis to eventually mitigate the adverse effects of ever increasing task demands on performance and well-being in a multitasking world at work and leisure.
PubMed: 35432083
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.867978 -
Nutrients Mar 2023We want to thank Henschel et al. [...]. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Reply to Henschel et al. Comment on "Qiu et al. Effect of Protein-Rich Breakfast on Subsequent Energy Intake and Subjective Appetite in Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. 2021, , 2840".
We want to thank Henschel et al. [...].
Topics: Humans; Child; Adolescent; Appetite; Breakfast; Satiation; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Energy Intake; Nutrients
PubMed: 37049498
DOI: 10.3390/nu15071656 -
Nutrients Mar 2023In reading Qiu et al. [...]. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Comment on Qiu et al. Effect of Protein-Rich Breakfast on Subsequent Energy Intake and Subjective Appetite in Children and Adolescents: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. 2021, , 2840.
In reading Qiu et al. [...].
Topics: Humans; Child; Adolescent; Appetite; Breakfast; Satiation; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Energy Intake; Nutrients
PubMed: 37049496
DOI: 10.3390/nu15071653 -
Appetite Feb 2015Eating in the Absence of Hunger (EAH), or consuming highly palatable foods when satiated, is one behavioral pathway that may lead to childhood obesity. EAH is an... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Eating in the Absence of Hunger (EAH), or consuming highly palatable foods when satiated, is one behavioral pathway that may lead to childhood obesity. EAH is an objective, laboratory-based measure. A more comprehensive understanding of potential determinants of EAH could inform childhood obesity programs outside of a laboratory setting.
OBJECTIVE
Systematic review of EAH experiments to identify individual, familial, and societal-level correlates of EAH among children 12 years of age or younger.
DESIGN
1487 studies were retrieved from five electronic databases (Medline [PubMed], Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, PsycINFO). Eligible studies were those that measured EAH as initially operationalized in a laboratory setting enrolling children ≤12 years or reporting age-specific results for children ≤12 years. Only articles written in English were included.
RESULTS
12 cross-sectional, six prospective, and one behavioral-intervention studies were included in the review. EAH was observable among boys and girls; absolute levels of EAH increased with age; and maternal feeding styles were associated with EAH among girls. The most consistent evidence supported increased levels of EAH among overweight and obese versus normal weight children, both cross-sectionally and prospectively. Two studies supported a genetic component to EAH.
CONCLUSIONS
Studies enrolling independent samples support a positive association between weight status and EAH among children; studies addressing causality are needed. Other various individual, genetic, and familiar characteristics were associated with EAH, yet studies among more heterogeneous sample populations are needed to confirm findings. Studies addressing societal-level factors related to EAH were absent.
Topics: Body Weight; Child; Eating; Energy Intake; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Hunger; Obesity; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Satiation
PubMed: 25450900
DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2014.10.032 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2014Emerging evidence from recent neuroimaging studies suggests that specific food-related behaviors contribute to the development of obesity. The aim of this review was to... (Review)
Review
Emerging evidence from recent neuroimaging studies suggests that specific food-related behaviors contribute to the development of obesity. The aim of this review was to report the neural responses to visual food cues, as assessed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), in humans of differing weight status. Published studies to 2014 were retrieved and included if they used visual food cues, studied humans >18 years old, reported weight status, and included fMRI outcomes. Sixty studies were identified that investigated the neural responses of healthy weight participants (n = 26), healthy weight compared to obese participants (n = 17), and weight-loss interventions (n = 12). High-calorie food images were used in the majority of studies (n = 36), however, image selection justification was only provided in 19 studies. Obese individuals had increased activation of reward-related brain areas including the insula and orbitofrontal cortex in response to visual food cues compared to healthy weight individuals, and this was particularly evident in response to energy dense cues. Additionally, obese individuals were more responsive to food images when satiated. Meta-analysis of changes in neural activation post-weight loss revealed small areas of convergence across studies in brain areas related to emotion, memory, and learning, including the cingulate gyrus, lentiform nucleus, and precuneus. Differential activation patterns to visual food cues were observed between obese, healthy weight, and weight-loss populations. Future studies require standardization of nutrition variables and fMRI outcomes to enable more direct comparisons between studies.
PubMed: 25988110
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2014.00007 -
International Journal of Food Sciences... Nov 2020Studies have shown the effects of chocolate-based products on appetite-related indicators; however, the results of these studies are equivocal. Thus, the aim of the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Studies have shown the effects of chocolate-based products on appetite-related indicators; however, the results of these studies are equivocal. Thus, the aim of the present study was to conduct a systematic review of studies investigating the acute and long-term response of appetite-related hormones to chocolate intake in adults. A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE for published studies, in English, was performed from inception up to November 2018. It appears that ghrelin and leptin are not responsible for the satiating effect of chocolate products. Gastric infusion of milk chocolate elicited a greater increase in cholecystokinin (CCK), in comparison with oral ingestion of milk chocolate and gastric infusion of non-caloric products. Moreover, viscosity seems to have no effect on active CCK and glucagon-like peptide-1. Due to the heterogeneity between studies, limited sample, low quality of evidence, and substantial variation in methods and chocolate products, caution is suggested in interpreting these results.
Topics: Appetite; Chocolate; Gene Expression Regulation; Hormones; Humans
PubMed: 32126864
DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1734543 -
Nutrients Dec 2020Disturbed eating behaviours have been widely reported in psychotic disorders since the early 19th century. There is also evidence that antipsychotic (AP) treatment may...
Disturbed eating behaviours have been widely reported in psychotic disorders since the early 19th century. There is also evidence that antipsychotic (AP) treatment may induce binge eating or other related compulsive eating behaviours. It is therefore possible that abnormal eating patterns may contribute to the significant weight gain and other metabolic disturbances observed in patients with psychosis. In this scoping review, we aimed to explore the underlying psychopathological and neurobiological mechanisms of disrupted eating behaviours in psychosis spectrum disorders and the role of APs in this relationship. A systematic search identified 35 studies that met our eligibility criteria and were included in our qualitative synthesis. Synthesizing evidence from self-report questionnaires and food surveys, we found that patients with psychosis exhibit increased appetite and craving for fatty food, as well as increased caloric intake and snacking, which may be associated with increased disinhibition. Limited evidence from neuroimaging studies suggested that AP-naïve first episode patients exhibit similar neural processing of food to healthy controls, while chronic AP exposure may lead to decreased activity in satiety areas and increased activity in areas associated with reward anticipation. Overall, this review supports the notion that AP use can lead to disturbed eating patterns in patients, which may contribute to AP-induced weight gain. However, intrinsic illness-related effects on eating behaviors remain less well elucidated, and many confounding factors as well as variability in study designs limits interpretation of existing literature in this field and precludes firm conclusions from being made.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Appetite; Brain; Bulimia; Case-Control Studies; Clozapine; Craving; Diet Surveys; Energy Intake; Feeding Behavior; Food Preferences; Humans; Hunger; Neuroimaging; Olanzapine; Psychotic Disorders; Reward; Satiation; Self Report; Snacks; Weight Gain
PubMed: 33353080
DOI: 10.3390/nu12123883