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Neurologia May 2023No formal indication currently exists for seizure prophylaxis in neurosurgical oncology patients. Neither have specific recommendations been made on the use of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
No formal indication currently exists for seizure prophylaxis in neurosurgical oncology patients. Neither have specific recommendations been made on the use of antiepileptic drugs (AED) in seizure-free patients with meningiomas scheduled for surgery. AEDs are generally prescribed on a discretionary basis, taking into consideration a range of clinical and radiological risk factors. We present a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring the effectiveness of antiepileptic prophylaxis in patients with meningioma and no history of seizures.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, and clinicaltrials.gov databases. Of a total of 4368 studies initially identified, 12 were selected for extraction of data and qualitative analysis. Based on the clinical data presented, we were only able to include 6 studies in the meta-analysis. We performed heterogeneity studies, calculated a combined odds ratio, evaluated publication bias, and conducted a sensitivity analysis.
RESULTS
AED prophylaxis in patients with meningioma and no history of seizures did not significantly reduce the incidence of post-operative seizures in comparison to controls (Mantel-Haenszel combined odds ratio, random effects model: 1.26 [95% confidence interval, 0.60-2.78]; 2041 patients). However, we are unable to establish a robust recommendation against this treatment due to the lack of prospective studies, the presence of selection bias in the studies reviewed, the likelihood of underestimation of seizure frequency during follow-up, and the strong influence of one study on the overall effect.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the limitations of this review, the results of the meta-analysis do not support the routine use of seizure prophylaxis in patients with meningioma and no history of seizures.
Topics: Humans; Meningioma; Phenytoin; Anticonvulsants; Incidence; Meningeal Neoplasms
PubMed: 35781420
DOI: 10.1016/j.nrleng.2022.03.002 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jun 2021Older adults are the most sedentary segment of society, often spending in excess of 8.5 hours a day sitting. Large amounts of time spent sedentary, defined as time spend... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Older adults are the most sedentary segment of society, often spending in excess of 8.5 hours a day sitting. Large amounts of time spent sedentary, defined as time spend sitting or in a reclining posture without spending energy, has been linked to an increased risk of chronic diseases, frailty, loss of function, disablement, social isolation, and premature death.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing sedentary behaviour amongst older adults living independently in the community compared to control conditions involving either no intervention or interventions that do not target sedentary behaviour.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PEDro, EPPI-Centre databases (Trials Register of Promoting Health Interventions (TRoPHI) and the Obesity and Sedentary behaviour Database), WHO ICTRP, and ClinicalTrials.gov up to 18 January 2021. We also screened the reference lists of included articles and contacted authors to identify additional studies.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster-RCTs. We included interventions purposefully designed to reduce sedentary time in older adults (aged 60 or over) living independently in the community. We included studies if some of the participants had multiple comorbidities, but excluded interventions that recruited clinical populations specifically (e.g. stroke survivors).
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two review authors independently screened titles and abstracts and full-text articles to determine study eligibility. Two review authors independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias. We contacted authors for additional data where required. Any disagreements in study screening or data extraction were settled by a third review author.
MAIN RESULTS
We included seven studies in the review, six RCTs and one cluster-RCT, with a total of 397 participants. The majority of participants were female (n = 284), white, and highly educated. All trials were conducted in high-income countries. All studies evaluated individually based behaviour change interventions using a combination of behaviour change techniques such as goal setting, education, and behaviour monitoring or feedback. Four of the seven studies also measured secondary outcomes. The main sources of bias were related to selection bias (N = 2), performance bias (N = 6), blinding of outcome assessment (N = 2), and incomplete outcome data (N = 2) and selective reporting (N=1). The overall risk of bias was judged as unclear. Primary outcomes The evidence suggests that interventions to change sedentary behaviour in community-dwelling older adults may reduce sedentary time (mean difference (MD) -44.91 min/day, 95% confidence interval (CI) -93.13 to 3.32; 397 participants; 7 studies; I = 73%; low-certainty evidence). We could not pool evidence on the effect of interventions on breaks in sedentary behaviour or time spent in specific domains such as TV time, as data from only one study were available for these outcomes. Secondary outcomes We are uncertain whether interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour have any impact on the physical or mental health outcomes of community-dwelling older adults. We were able to pool change data for the following outcomes. • Physical function (MD 0.14 Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) score, 95% CI -0.38 to 0.66; higher score is favourable; 98 participants; 2 studies; I = 26%; low-certainty evidence). • Waist circumference (MD 1.14 cm, 95% CI -1.64 to 3.93; 100 participants; 2 studies; I = 0%; low-certainty evidence). • Fitness (MD -5.16 m in the 6-minute walk test, 95% CI -36.49 to 26.17; higher score is favourable; 80 participants; 2 studies; I = 29%; low-certainty evidence). • Blood pressure: systolic (MD -3.91 mmHg, 95% CI -10.95 to 3.13; 138 participants; 3 studies; I = 73%; very low-certainty evidence) and diastolic (MD -0.06 mmHg, 95% CI -5.72 to 5.60; 138 participants; 3 studies; I = 97%; very low-certainty evidence). • Glucose blood levels (MD 2.20 mg/dL, 95% CI -6.46 to 10.86; 100 participants; 2 studies; I = 0%; low-certainty evidence). No data were available on cognitive function, cost-effectiveness or adverse effects.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
It is not clear whether interventions to reduce sedentary behaviour are effective at reducing sedentary time in community-dwelling older adults. We are uncertain if these interventions have any impact on the physical or mental health of community-dwelling older adults. There were few studies, and the certainty of the evidence is very low to low, mainly due to inconsistency in findings and imprecision. Future studies should consider interventions aimed at modifying the environment, policy, and social and cultural norms. Future studies should also use device-based measures of sedentary time, recruit larger samples, and gather information about quality of life, cost-effectiveness, and adverse event data.
Topics: Aged; Behavior; Bias; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Female; Goals; Humans; Independent Living; Male; Middle Aged; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sedentary Behavior; Selection Bias; Sitting Position; Time Factors; Waist Circumference; Walk Test
PubMed: 34169503
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD012784.pub2 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Sep 2014Until recently, phimosis has been treated surgically by circumcision or prepuceplasty; however, recent reports of non-invasive treatment using topical corticosteroids... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Until recently, phimosis has been treated surgically by circumcision or prepuceplasty; however, recent reports of non-invasive treatment using topical corticosteroids applied for four to eight weeks have been favourable. The efficacy and safety of topical corticosteroids for treating phimosis in boys has not been previously systematically reviewed.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to 1) compare the effectiveness of the use of topical corticosteroid ointment applied to the distal stenotic portion of the prepuce in the resolution of phimosis in boys compared with the use of placebo or no treatment, and 2) determine the rate of partial resolution (improvement) of phimosis, rate of re-stenosis after initial resolution or improvement of phimosis, and the rate of adverse events of topical corticosteroid treatment in boys with phimosis.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Renal Group's Specialised Register through contact with the Trials' Search Co-ordinator using search terms relevant to this review. Date of last search: 16 June 2014.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that compared use of any topical corticosteroid ointment with placebo ointment or no treatment for boys with phimosis.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Two authors independently assessed titles, abstracts and the full-text of eligible studies, extracted data relating to the review's primary and secondary outcomes, and assessed studies' risk of bias. Statistical analyses were performed using the random-effects model and results were expressed as risk ratios (RR) for dichotomous outcomes with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We contacted authors of primary articles asking for details of study design and specific outcome data.
MAIN RESULTS
We included 12 studies that enrolled 1395 boys in this review. We found that both types of corticosteroids investigated and treatment duration varied among studies.Compared with placebo, corticosteroids significantly increased complete or partial clinical resolution of phimosis (12 studies, 1395 participants: RR 2.45, 95% CI 1.84 to 3.26). Our analysis of studies that compared different types of corticosteroids found that these therapies also significantly increased complete clinical resolution of phimosis (8 studies, 858 participants: RR 3.42, 95% CI 2.08 to 5.62). Although nine studies (978 participants) reported that assessment of adverse effects were planned in the study design, these outcomes were not reported.Overall, we found that inadequate reporting made assessing risk of bias challenging in many of the included studies.Selection bias, performance and detection bias was unclear in the majority of the included studies: two studies had adequate sequence generation, none reported allocation concealment; two studies had adequate blinding of participants and personnel and one had high risk of bias; one study blinded outcome assessors. Attrition bias was low in 8/12 studies and reporting bias was unclear in 11 studies and high in one study.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Topical corticosteroids offer an effective alternative for treating phimosis in boys. Although sub optimal reporting among the included studies meant that the size of the effect remains uncertain, corticosteroids appear to be a safe, less invasive first-line treatment option before undertaking surgery to correct phimosis in boys.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Beclomethasone; Betamethasone; Clobetasol; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Mometasone Furoate; Ointments; Phimosis; Pregnadienediols; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Triamcinolone
PubMed: 25180668
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD008973.pub2 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... May 2015Cocaine misuse is a disorder for which no pharmacological treatment of proven efficacy exists. Advances in neurobiology could guide future medication development. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Cocaine misuse is a disorder for which no pharmacological treatment of proven efficacy exists. Advances in neurobiology could guide future medication development.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the efficacy and acceptability of dopamine agonists alone or in combination with any psychosocial intervention for the treatment of of people who misuse cocaine.
SEARCH METHODS
We run the search on 12 January 2015. We searched the Cochrane Drugs and Alcohol Group (CDAG) Specialized Register, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, ICTRP, clinicaltrials.gov and screened reference lists.
SELECTION CRITERIA
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) comparing dopamine agonists alone or associated with psychosocial intervention with placebo, no treatment or other pharmacological interventions.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
We used standard Cochrane methodological procedures.
MAIN RESULTS
Twenty four studies, including 2147 participants, met the inclusion criteria. Comparing any dopamine agonist versus placebo, we found no differences for any of the outcomes considered: dropout (moderate quality of evidence), abstinence (low quality of evidence), severity of dependence (low quality of evidence), adverse events (moderate quality of evidence). This was also observed when single dopamine agonists were compared against placebo. Comparing amantadine versus antidepressants, we found low quality of evidence that antidepressants performed better for abstinence (RR 0.25, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.53) based on two studies with 44 participants. No differences were found for dropout or adverse events, for both moderate quality of evidence.The major flaws of the included studies concerned selection bias because most studies did not report information about sequence generation (80%) and allocation concealment methods (86%): half of the included studies were judged at unclear risk of performance bias and 62.5% at unclear risk of detection bias for what concerns subjective outcomes.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Current evidence from RCTs does not support the use of dopamine agonists for treating cocaine misuse. This absence of evidence may leave to clinicians the alternative of balancing the possible benefits against the potential adverse effects of the treatment. Even the potential benefit of combining a dopamine agonist with a more potent psychosocial intervention, which was suggested by the previous Cochrane Review (Soares 2003), is not supported by the results of this Cochrane Review update.
Topics: Amantadine; Antidepressive Agents; Bromocriptine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Depression; Dopamine Agonists; Humans; Levodopa; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Selection Bias
PubMed: 26014366
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003352.pub4 -
Hemodialysis International.... Oct 2022Thrice weekly hemodialysis (HD) is currently the norm in high income countries but there is mounting interest in twice weekly HD in certain settings. We performed this... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Thrice weekly hemodialysis (HD) is currently the norm in high income countries but there is mounting interest in twice weekly HD in certain settings. We performed this systematic review to summarize the available evidence comparing twice to thrice weekly HD.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was performed in Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials to identify cohort and randomized controlled trials evaluating outcomes of twice versus thrice weekly HD. The bibliographies of identified studies were hand searched to find any additional studies. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for observational studies.
FINDINGS
No randomized controlled trials and 21 cohort studies were identified. Overall study quality was modest with high risk of selection bias and inadequate controlling for confounders. The most commonly evaluated outcome measures were survival and residual kidney function. No studies assessed quality of life. Study results were variable and there was no clear signal for overwhelming risk or benefit of twice versus thrice weekly HD with the exception of residual kidney function which consistently showed slower decline in the twice weekly group.
DISCUSSION
There is a paucity of high quality data comparing the risks and benefits of twice vs thrice weekly HD. Randomized controlled trial evidence is required to inform clinicians and HD prescription guidelines.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Quality of Life; Renal Dialysis
PubMed: 36097718
DOI: 10.1111/hdi.13045 -
Archives of Disease in Childhood Dec 2016Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common disorder that can cause hypertension during childhood, but the true prevalence of hypertension during... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
CONTEXT
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common disorder that can cause hypertension during childhood, but the true prevalence of hypertension during childhood is not known.
OBJECTIVE
We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the prevalence of hypertension in children with ADPKD.
DATA SOURCES
Systematic review of articles published between 1980 and 2015 in MEDLINE and EMBASE.
STUDY SELECTION
Studies selected by two authors independently if reporting data on prevalence of hypertension in children and young persons aged <21 years with a diagnosis of ADPKD. Observational series were included with study populations of >15 children. Articles were excluded if inadequate diagnostic criteria for hypertension were used. Studies with selection bias were included but analysed separately.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data extracted on prevalence of hypertension, proteinuria and reduced renal function using standardised form. Meta-analysis was performed to calculate weighted mean prevalence.
RESULTS
903 articles were retrieved from our search; 14 studies met the inclusion criteria: 1 prospective randomised controlled trial; 8 prospective observational studies; and 5 retrospective cross-sectional studies. From 928 children with clinically confirmed ADPKD, 20% (95% CI 15% to 27%) were hypertensive. The estimated prevalence of proteinuria in children with ADPKD is 20% (8 studies; 95% CI 9% to 40%) while reduced renal function occurred in 8% (5 studies; 95% CI 2% to 26%).
LIMITATIONS
Studies showed a high degree of methodological heterogeneity (I=73.4%, τ=0.3408, p<0.0001). Most studies did not use ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring to diagnose hypertension.
CONCLUSIONS
In this meta-analysis we estimate 20% of children with ADPKD have hypertension. In the population, many children with ADPKD are not under regular follow-up and remain undiagnosed. We recommend that all children at risk of ADPKD have regular BP measurement.
Topics: Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Hypertension, Renal; Polycystic Kidney, Autosomal Dominant; Prevalence; Proteinuria
PubMed: 27288429
DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-310221 -
Primary Care Diabetes Dec 2016The influenza virus is an important cause of morbidity and mortality for diabetics. The seasonal influenza vaccine's immunologic effectiveness is proven within the type... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The influenza virus is an important cause of morbidity and mortality for diabetics. The seasonal influenza vaccine's immunologic effectiveness is proven within the type 1 and type 2 diabetic populations, but the level of evidence is low. This article presents a systematic review for the bias in the measure of the effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccination among diabetics.
METHODS
Using systematic review methods, we searched three electronic databases for published literature (MEDLINE, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library) and two grey literature (SIGLE and NHS EED) databases, to identify studies published between 1997 and 2013, examining the effect of seasonal influenza vaccination, among diabetics, on any measure for influenza morbidity or mortality.
RESULTS
725 records were identified from the three databases and screening, short-listing was undertaken independently by two reviewers. After de-duplication, all records were screened by title and then abstract, and 34 short-listed records were reviewed in full, with 7 studies included: 4 cohort studies and 3 case-control studies, conducted in 7 countries. The most common outcome of interest in studies (n=4) was all-cause mortality among elderly diabetics (>65 years), with individual studies reporting reductions in risk of between 33% [95%CI: 4%-54%] and 68% [95%CI: 58%-75%]. We found only two studies for working-age adult diabetics: one reporting that vaccination prevented hospitalizations due to pneumonia or influenza (vaccine effectiveness [VE] 43%, [95%CI: 28%-54%]) and all-cause hospitalizations (VE: 28% [95%CI: 24%-32%]); and, another reporting no significant decrease in all-cause mortality for working-age adult diabetics. We have identified three major biases: the use of indirect health outcomes, a risk of selection bias (health-seeking bias), and no adjustment for participant pneumococcal vaccination status. The most recent included article finds that morbimortality is still lower during off-season influenza in both vaccinated and non-vaccinated diabetics, indicating important residual confounding.
CONCLUSION
To date, the strength of evidence supporting the routine use of seasonal influenza vaccination is low for diabetics older than 65, and very low for working-age diabetics.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Influenza Vaccines; Influenza, Human; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Seasons; Selection Bias; Treatment Outcome; Vaccination; Young Adult
PubMed: 27290610
DOI: 10.1016/j.pcd.2016.05.005 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jul 2016Sedentary lifestyle is frequent in psychiatric disorders, however the directions of this association and benefits of physical activity are unclear. This is a systematic... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Sedentary lifestyle is frequent in psychiatric disorders, however the directions of this association and benefits of physical activity are unclear. This is a systematic review about exercise in patients with bipolar disorder.
METHODS
We performed a systematic literature search of studies published in English (1995 Jan to 2016 Jan) in PubMed, and Cochrane Library combining the medical terms 'physical activity' or 'sedentary' or 'physical exercise' with 'bipolar disorder' or 'mania' or 'bipolar depression'.
RESULTS
Thirty-one studies were selected and included 15,587 patients with bipolar disorder. Sedentary lifestyle varied from 40% to 64.9%. Physical activity was associated with less depressive symptoms, better quality of life and increased functioning. Some evidence indicates a relationship between vigorous exercises and mania. Three prospective cohorts were reported; and no prospective randomized controlled trial was identified. Three studies focused on biomarkers in bipolar patients; and one reported the relationship between exercise and sleep in this group. Two assessed physical exercise in adolescents.
LIMITATIONS
(1) Differences between studies preventing a unified analysis; (2) most studies were cross-sectional; (3) motivation for exercising is a selection bias in most studies; (4) no intervention study assessing only physical exercise; (5) lack of studies comparing exercise across mood states.
CONCLUSION
Generally, exercise was associated with improved health measures including depressive symptoms, functioning and quality of life. Evidence was insufficient to establish a cause-effect relationship between mood and physical exercise. Future research including randomized trials is needed to clarify the role of physical activity in bipolar patients.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Exercise; Humans; Quality of Life
PubMed: 26998794
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.004 -
Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology Oct 2016The effects of inflammatory and degenerative arthritis on carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) are not well known. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
The effects of inflammatory and degenerative arthritis on carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) are not well known. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess whether rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) increase the risk of CTS.
METHOD
Literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate until January 2015. Twenty-three (five cohort, 10 case control, and eight cross sectional) studies qualified for the meta-analyses. A random-effects meta-analysis was used and heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed.
RESULTS
Both RA and OA were associated with CTS. Pooled unadjusted odds ratios (ORs) were 1.91 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.33-2.75, I(2) = 55.2%, nine studies, n = 10 688] for arthritis (either inflammatory or degenerative), 2.91 (95% CI 2.33-3.62, I(2) = 22.3%, 11 studies, n = 74 730) for RA, and 2.13 (95% CI 1.65-2.76, I(2) = 39.2%, five studies, n = 20 574) for OA of any joint. Pooled confounder-adjusted ORs were 1.96 (95% CI 1.21-3.18, I(2) = 73.1%, six studies, n = 11 542) for arthritis, 1.96 (95% CI 1.57-2.44, I(2) = 32.2%, eight studies, n = 72 212) for RA, and 1.87 (95% CI 1.64-2.13, I(2) = 0%, two studies, n = 19 480) for OA. There was no evidence of publication bias, and excluding cross-sectional studies or studies appraised as having a high risk of selection bias did not change the magnitude of the associations.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings of this systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that both RA and OA increase the risk of CTS. Further prospective studies on the effect of wrist OA on CTS are needed.
Topics: Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Carpal Tunnel Syndrome; Humans; Odds Ratio; Osteoarthritis; Risk Factors
PubMed: 27022991
DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2015.1114141 -
Neurologia Sep 2020No formal indication currently exists for seizure prophylaxis in neurosurgical oncology patients. Neither have specific recommendations been made on the use of... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
No formal indication currently exists for seizure prophylaxis in neurosurgical oncology patients. Neither have specific recommendations been made on the use of antiepileptic drugs (AED) in seizure-free patients with meningiomas scheduled for surgery. AEDs are generally prescribed on a discretionary basis, taking into consideration a range of clinical and radiological risk factors. We present a systematic review and meta-analysis exploring the effectiveness of antiepileptic prophylaxis in patients with meningioma and no history of seizures.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase, and clinicaltrials.gov databases. Of a total of 4368 studies initially identified, 12 were selected for extraction of data and qualitative analysis. Based on the clinical data presented, we were only able to include 6 studies in the meta-analysis. We performed heterogeneity studies, calculated a combined odds ratio, evaluated publication bias, and conducted a sensitivity analysis.
RESULTS
AED prophylaxis in patients with meningioma and no history of seizures did not significantly reduce the incidence of post-operative seizures in comparison to controls (Mantel-Haenszel combined odds ratio, random effects model: 1.26 [95% confidence interval, 0.60-2.78]; 2041 patients). However, we are unable to establish a robust recommendation against this treatment due to the lack of prospective studies, the presence of selection bias in the studies reviewed, the likelihood of underestimation of seizure frequency during follow-up, and the strong influence of one study on the overall effect.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the limitations of this review, the results of the meta-analysis do not support the routine use of seizure prophylaxis in patients with meningioma and no history of seizures.
PubMed: 32896461
DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2020.06.014