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Scientific Reports Nov 2023To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and ocular characteristics. Systematic review with meta-analysis. Six databases (PubMed, Scopus, APA PsycInfo, Embase, EBSCOhost, and Cochrane library) were selected for a systematic literature search from database inception to July 2022. The observational studies assessing and reporting at least one outcome regarding ocular characteristics in children and adolescents with ADHD or ASD aged 6-17 were included. Studies in languages other than English, studies of adult or elderly human populations, and animal studies were excluded. The results were analyzed following the PRISMA guideline 2020. The findings of 15 studies, including 433 participants with ADHD, 253 participants with ASD, and 514 participants with typical development (TD), revealed that there were no significant differences in retinal nerve fiber layer, ganglion cell complex, and macular thickness between the ADHD group and the TD group. In subgroup analysis, significant differences in inferior ganglion cell (MD = - 3.19; 95% CI = [- 6.06, - 0.31], p = 0.03) and nasal macular thickness (MD = 5.88; 95% CI = [- 0.01, 11.76], p = 0.05) were detected between the ADHD group and the TD group. A significant difference in pupillary light reflex (PLR) was also observed between the ASD group and the TD group (MD = 29.7; 95% CI = [18.79, 40.63], p < 0.001). Existing evidence suggests a possible association between children and adolescents with ADHD or ASD and ocular characteristics. Given the limited number of studies, further research on a larger cohort is necessary to claim a possible diagnosis of ADHD or ASD through ocular characteristics.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Aged; Adolescent; Child; Humans; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Face; Retina; Nose; Neurodevelopmental Disorders
PubMed: 37938638
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46206-9 -
Romanian Journal of Ophthalmology 2015The objective of our study was to review the current knowledge on the diagnosis and treatment options of plateau iris configuration and syndrome. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The objective of our study was to review the current knowledge on the diagnosis and treatment options of plateau iris configuration and syndrome.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW METHODOLOGY
Relevant publications on plateau iris that were published until 2014.
CONCLUSIONS
Plateau iris syndrome is a form of primary angle closure glaucoma caused by a large or anteriorly positioned ciliary body that leads to mechanical obstruction of trabecular meshwork. This condition is most often found in younger patients. Plateau iris has been considered an abnormal anatomic variant of the iris that can be diagnosed on ultrasound biomicroscopy or optical coherence tomography of anterior segment. Patients with plateau iris syndrome can be recognized by the lack of response in angle opening after iridotomy. The treatment of choice in these cases is argon laser peripheral iridoplasty.
Topics: Argon; Ciliary Body; Diagnosis, Differential; Glaucoma, Angle-Closure; Humans; Iridectomy; Iris; Laser Therapy; Microscopy, Acoustic; Syndrome; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Trabecular Meshwork; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27373109
DOI: No ID Found -
International Ophthalmology Feb 2021To review the basic principles of ultra-widefield fundus autofluorescence (UWF-FAF) and discuss its clinical application for a variety of retinal and choroidal disorders. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To review the basic principles of ultra-widefield fundus autofluorescence (UWF-FAF) and discuss its clinical application for a variety of retinal and choroidal disorders.
METHODS
A systematic review of the PubMed database was performed using the search terms "ultra-widefield," "autofluorescence," "retinal disease" and "choroidal disease."
RESULTS
UWF-FAF imaging is a recently developed noninvasive retinal imaging modality with a wide imaging range that can locate peripheral fundus lesions that traditional fundus autofluorescence cannot. Multiple commercially available ultra-widefield imaging systems, including Heidelberg Spectralis and Optomap Ultra-Widefield systems, are available to the clinician. Imaging by UWF-FAF is more comprehensive; it can reflect the content and distribution of the predominant ocular fluorophore in retinal pigment epithelial cells and evaluate the metabolic status of RPE of various retinal and choroidal disorders.
CONCLUSION
UWF-FAF can detect abnormalities that traditional fundus autofluorescence cannot; therefore, it can be used to better elucidate disease pathogenesis, analyze genotype-phenotype correlations, diagnose and monitor disease.
Topics: Fluorescein Angiography; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Optical Imaging; Retina; Retinal Diseases
PubMed: 33040254
DOI: 10.1007/s10792-020-01609-9 -
Survey of Ophthalmology 2023The toxicology of secondhand smoke (SHS), along with the harm of its exposure to human health, has been generally acknowledged; however, specific evidence is lacking on... (Review)
Review
The toxicology of secondhand smoke (SHS), along with the harm of its exposure to human health, has been generally acknowledged; however, specific evidence is lacking on the association between SHS exposure and ocular health. In this systematic review (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022247992), we included 55 original articles published by 12 May 2023, which dealt with SHS exposure and ocular disorders, such as eye irritation, conjunctivitis, dry eye diseases, uveitis, myopia, astigmatism, contact lens discomfort, age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, and thyroid eye disease that addressed the ocular neurovascular structures of the macular, retinal nerve fiber layer, choroid, and corneal biomechanical parameters. We found compelling correlational evidence for eye irritation, conjunctivitis, and dry eye symptoms-supporting that SHS exposure was positively associated with inflammatory and allergic changes in the eyes. Yet, evidence about the associations between SHS exposure and other ocular disorders, structures, and parameters is still limited or controversial. Given the limitations of existing literature, more investigations with high quality and rigorous design are warranted to elucidate the potentially harmful effects of SHS exposure on ocular health.
Topics: Humans; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Eye; Macular Degeneration; Conjunctivitis
PubMed: 37479063
DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.07.001 -
The Ocular Surface Jul 2023Environmental risk factors that have an impact on the ocular surface were reviewed and associations with age and sex, race/ethnicity, geographical area, seasonality,...
Environmental risk factors that have an impact on the ocular surface were reviewed and associations with age and sex, race/ethnicity, geographical area, seasonality, prevalence and possible interactions between risk factors are reviewed. Environmental factors can be (a) climate-related: temperature, humidity, wind speed, altitude, dew point, ultraviolet light, and allergen or (b) outdoor and indoor pollution: gases, particulate matter, and other sources of airborne pollutants. Temperature affects ocular surface homeostasis directly and indirectly, precipitating ocular surface diseases and/or symptoms, including trachoma. Humidity is negatively associated with dry eye disease. There is little data on wind speed and dewpoint. High altitude and ultraviolet light exposure are associated with pterygium, ocular surface degenerations and neoplastic disease. Pollution is associated with dry eye disease and conjunctivitis. Primary Sjögren syndrome is associated with exposure to chemical solvents. Living within a potential zone of active volcanic eruption is associated with eye irritation. Indoor pollution, "sick" building or house can also be associated with eye irritation. Most ocular surface conditions are multifactorial, and several environmental factors may contribute to specific diseases. A systematic review was conducted to answer the following research question: "What are the associations between outdoor environment pollution and signs or symptoms of dry eye disease in humans?" Dry eye disease is associated with air pollution (from NO) and soil pollution (from chromium), but not from air pollution from CO or PM. Future research should adequately account for confounders, follow up over time, and report results separately for ocular surface findings, including signs and symptoms.
Topics: Humans; Air Pollution; Particulate Matter; Dry Eye Syndromes; Conjunctiva; Life Style
PubMed: 37062427
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.007 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology May 2021The incidence of leishmaniasis is reported to be up to 1 million per year. To date, there has been no comprehensive review describing the diversity of clinical... (Review)
Review
The incidence of leishmaniasis is reported to be up to 1 million per year. To date, there has been no comprehensive review describing the diversity of clinical presentations of ocular leishmaniasis (OL) and its treatment. This systematic review aims to address this knowledge gap and provide a summary of the clinical presentation, natural course, and treatment options for OL. Our study identified a total of 57 published articles as describing cases of OL involving: adnexa (n = 26), orbit (n = 1), retina (n = 7), uvea (n = 18) and cornea (n = 6). Though well described and easily treated, palpebral leishmaniasis is often misdiagnosed and may lead to chronic issues if untreated. The retinal manifestations of Leishmaniasis consist of self-resolving hemorrhages secondary to thrombocytopenia. Two main uveitis etiologies have been identified: uveitis in the context of active Leishmanial infection (associated with immunosuppression) and uveitis occurring as an immune reconstitution syndrome. Corneal involvement in most geographic areas generally follows an aggressive course, most often ending in corneal perforation if left untreated. In the Americas, a chronic indolent interstitial keratitis may also occur. Topical steroids are of little use in keratitis (systemic antileishmanials being the cornerstone of treatment). However, these are essential in cases of uveitis, with or without concomitant systemic antileishmanial therapy. In conclusion, though ocular involvement in Leishmaniasis is rare, severe sight-threatening consequences follow if left untreated. Early diagnosis, enthusiastic follow-up and aggressive treatment are essential for good outcomes.
Topics: Cornea; Corneal Perforation; Humans; Keratitis; Leishmaniasis; Uveitis
PubMed: 33913831
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_2232_20 -
Survey of Ophthalmology 2023Choroidal osteoma is a benign ossifying tumor within the choroid. Complications associated with choroidal osteoma, including disruption of retinal pigment epithelium,... (Review)
Review
Choroidal osteoma is a benign ossifying tumor within the choroid. Complications associated with choroidal osteoma, including disruption of retinal pigment epithelium, atrophy of photoreceptors, subretinal fluid, and choroidal neovascularization, present challenges for clinicians, and management remain controversial. We performed a comprehensive search in the PubMed, EMBASE, and Ovid databases for published studies and case reports relating to the management of choroidal osteoma. Since it was first described in 1978, various case reports of ocular complications associated with choroidal osteoma have been documented, and various therapies have yielded different outcomes. We systematically evaluate the literature published on this rare entity.
Topics: Humans; Choroid Neoplasms; Choroid; Osteoma; Choroidal Neovascularization; Retinal Pigment Epithelium; Fluorescein Angiography; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 37321477
DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.06.002 -
International Ophthalmology Oct 2018To perform a systematic review of the literature examining about the pachychoroid diseases spectrum. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To perform a systematic review of the literature examining about the pachychoroid diseases spectrum.
METHODS
A systematic literature search was performed using the Medline database. A total of four studies directly relevant to our search are reviewed here.
RESULTS
A structurally and functionally intact choroid tissue is vitally important for the retina function. While central retinal artery is responsible to supply the 2/3, internal part of the retina, choroidal vein network is responsible for the remaining 1/3 external part. Abnormal choroidal blood flow leads to photoreceptor dysfunction and photoreceptor death in the retina. The methods used in the visualization of the choroid are ICG angiography (indocyanine green angiography), OCT (optic coherence tomography) devices which are often used nowadays, and its advanced version, OCT angiography. Pachychoroid diseases are a spectrum of 4 different disease groups. These groups are essentially the stages of the disease itself, as the increased severity in the previous group leads the patient to the next group of disease.
CONCLUSION
The spectrum comprises the following 4 disease groups: Pachychoroid Pigment Epitheliopathy, Central Serous Chorioretinopathy, Pachychoroid Neovasculopathy, Polipoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy. Common Characteristics: Increased choroidal thickening, pathologically dilated veins in the Haller's layer (pachy-veins), thinning in Sattler's and choriocapilleris layers.
Topics: Choroid; Choroid Diseases; Fluorescein Angiography; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 28766279
DOI: 10.1007/s10792-017-0666-4 -
Journal of Glaucoma May 2016Numerous studies have detected choroidal thickness abnormalities and changes in open-angle glaucoma (OAG), as measured by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
Numerous studies have detected choroidal thickness abnormalities and changes in open-angle glaucoma (OAG), as measured by enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography technologies, but the results have not always been consistent. Therefore, a meta-analysis and systematic review was performed to evaluate the choroidal thickness in OAG.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A comprehensive literature search was performed on Medline, Embase, ISI Web of Science, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Google Scholar, and Chinese databases including Wangfang and CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure). Eligible articles were identified by reviewing the retrieved results. For continuous outcomes, we calculated the weighted mean difference (WMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Statistical analysis was performed using STATA 12.0 software.
RESULTS
Twenty-two case-control or cross-sectional studies were included in the present meta-analysis. The results of our study showed that there was no significant difference in subfoveal choroidal thickness between patients with OAG and controls (WMD=-7.94; 95% CI, -26.01 to 10.13; P=0.389). Similar findings were obtained for the average peripapillary choroidal thickness (WMD=-14.24; 95% CI, -30.20 to 1.73; P=0.08).
CONCLUSIONS
Our meta-analysis found no significant difference in the choroidal thickness both under the fovea and around the optic nerve head between OAG patients and controls. On the basis of the anatomic features of blood supply in optic nerve head, it is plausible that the choroidal thickness is not an appropriate parameter to evaluate the damage of OAG, and choroidal thinning may not be an important component of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Choroid; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Glaucoma, Open-Angle; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Optic Disk; Organ Size; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 25943737
DOI: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000000275 -
Ophthalmology. Retina Jun 2023To characterize the presentation, management, and outcomes of suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SCH). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
TOPIC
To characterize the presentation, management, and outcomes of suprachoroidal hemorrhage (SCH).
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Suprachoroidal hemorrhage is a potentially devastating condition but there is no high-quality evidence for the prognosis or management of SCH.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of peer-reviewed studies of SCH published in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, or Google Scholar between January 1, 1990, and September 1, 2022. The protocol was prospectively registered on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/69v3q/). Random-effects models were used to calculate the pooled estimate and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for visual acuity (VA) and anatomic outcomes. Univariable and multivariable random-effects meta-regressions were performed to determine factors associated with VA outcomes and anatomic success, defined as the retina attached at the last follow-up.
RESULTS
Sixty-eight studies comprising 1246 eyes of 1245 patients were included, with mean (standard deviation [SD]) follow-up of 14.0 (9.4) months. The pooled estimate (95% CI) for mean change in logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) VA from baseline to the last follow-up was -0.98 (-1.22 to -0.74) (I = 88.4%), with 72.0% (63.5%-80.5%) (I = 74.3%) achieving VA improvement of ≥ 0.3 logMAR (3-line improvement in ETDRS VA), 39.6% (32.5%-46.7%) (I = 83.2%) achieving final VA of 1.0 logMAR (Snellen equivalent 20/200) or better, and 75.5% (68.4%-82.7%) (I = 74.7%) achieving anatomic success. Studies with predominantly nonspontaneous SCH and greater percent of eyes receiving systemic steroids were associated with greater improvement in logMAR VA, a greater proportion of eyes with VA improvement ≥ 0.3 logMAR, and greater proportion of eyes achieving anatomic success (all P < 0.05 univariable meta-regression). Studies with greater percent of eyes treated surgically were associated with greater proportion of eyes with VA improvement of ≥ 0.3 logMAR in (P < 0.05, univariable and multivariable analysis). The mean (SD) quality score across studies was 13.9 (2.3) out of 24, and outcomes were of very low certainty of evidence.
CONCLUSION
Although limited by heterogeneous observational studies, published reports of SCH indicate that most eyes with SCH experience some degree of VA improvement and anatomic success. However, final VA outcomes remain poor, with most cases resulting in severe visual impairment or blindness.
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S)
Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references.
Topics: Humans; Retina; Prognosis; Hemorrhage
PubMed: 36858317
DOI: 10.1016/j.oret.2023.02.011