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Experimental Eye Research Sep 2023Animal models of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) are extensively used in translational studies of CNV formation and to evaluate angiostatic treatment strategies.... (Review)
Review
Animal models of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) are extensively used in translational studies of CNV formation and to evaluate angiostatic treatment strategies. However, the current paucity of large animal models compared with rodent models constitutes a knowledge gap regarding the clinical translation of findings. Ocular anatomical and physiological similarities to humans suggest the pig as a relevant model animal. Thus, a systematic survey of porcine CNV models was performed to identify pertinent model parameters and suggest avenues for model standardization and optimization. A systematic search was performed in PubMed and EMBASE on November 28, 2022 for porcine models of CNV. Following inclusion by two investigators, data from the articles were extracted according to a predefined protocol. A total of 14 articles, representing 19 independent porcine CNV models were included. The included models were almost equally divided between laser-induced (53%) and surgically-induced (47%) models. Different specified breeds of domestic pigs (71%) were most commonly used in the studies. All studies used normal animals. Female pigs were reported used in 43% of the studies, while 43% did not report on sex of the animals. Younger pigs were typically used. The surgical models reported consistent CNV induction following mechanical Bruch's membrane rupture. The laser models used variants of the infrared diode laser (40%) or the frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser (50%). Both lasers enabled successful CNV induction with reported induction rates ranging from 60 to 100%. Collateral damage to the neuroretina was reported for the infrared diode laser. CNV evaluation varied across studies with fluorescein angiography (50%) as the most used in vivo method and retinal sections (71%) as the most used ex vivo method. In interventional studies, quantification of lesions was in general performed between 7 and 14 days. The field of porcine CNV models is relatively small and heterogeneous and almost equally divided between surgically-induced and laser-induced models. Both methods have allowed successful modeling of CNV formation with induction rates comparable to those of non-human primates. However, the field would benefit from standardization of model parameters and reporting. This includes laser parameters and validation of CNV formation as well as methods of CNV evaluation and statistical analysis.
Topics: Female; Humans; Swine; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Choroidal Neovascularization; Retina; Bruch Membrane; Fluorescein Angiography
PubMed: 37474015
DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2023.109590 -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Nov 2023There is no consensus on the role of surgery in the treatment of chronic rhinitis (CR). Should it be considered when nasal symptoms are not controlled by medical... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
There is no consensus on the role of surgery in the treatment of chronic rhinitis (CR). Should it be considered when nasal symptoms are not controlled by medical treatment? Various targets (turbinates and secretory nerves) and techniques (surgical, laser, cryotherapy, radiofrequency and phototherapy) have been reported, but benefit varies between reports. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate results of surgical and instrumental procedures in CR care.
METHODS
Two systematic reviews of the US National Library of Medicine, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Embase databases were conducted in October 15, 2021 (registration numbers CRD42021284257 and CRD42021295227). A database watch was performed until submission of the manuscript. The review focuses on total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and quality of life (QoL) after treatment. All controlled studies reporting nasal surgery/instrumental procedures in adult patients with CR were included.
RESULTS
The database search yielded a total of 5628 articles; after eligibility screening, 2091 patients were included from 21 studies. QoL results favored surgery/instrumental procedures over medical treatment (SMD -1.27; 95% CI [-2.38; -0.16]; I=97%), as did TNSS (SMD -1.40; 95% CI [-2.30; -0.50]; I=98%). The small number of studies and their heterogeneity did not allow meta-regression to be performed.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review supports the use of surgical/instrumental procedures to improve nasal symptom score and QoL of adult patients with CR poorly controlled by medical treatment.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Rhinitis; Quality of Life; Research Design; Nose; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 37867008
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2023.10.009 -
Journal of Voice : Official Journal of... Jul 2023Laryngopharyngeal reflux-associated symptoms embrace a wide variety of head and neck manifestations. Its participation in eye disorders has recently been postulated, and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Laryngopharyngeal reflux-associated symptoms embrace a wide variety of head and neck manifestations. Its participation in eye disorders has recently been postulated, and there is currently no consensus in this regard. The aim of this manuscript is to review the role of reflux in the development of ocular signs and symptoms, and its physio-pathological mechanisms.
METHODS
A systematic approach based on the preferred reporting Items for a systematic review and meta-analysis checklist with a modified population, intervention, comparison, and outcome framework was used to structure the review process of studies that evaluated the possible association, with clear diagnostic methods, of laryngopharyngeal reflux and ocular signs and symptoms. Search was conducted in different indexed databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, the Cochrane Library, Scielo and Web of Science) and through the meta-searcher Trip Database with the keywords: reflux, laryngitis, laryngopharyngeal, gastroesophageal, ocular, eye, symptoms, signs, conjunctivitis, keratitis, dacryocystitis, dry eye.
RESULTS
Seven studies met the inclusion criteria, in which the primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction and the ocular surface disease were evaluated. The local increase of eye pepsin concentration (>2.5 ng/mL) may affect ocular surface though its direct proteolytic activity and the local expression of proinflammatory cytokines. The H. Pylori, with a similar mechanism to reach the lacrimonasal duct, would be associated with the release of proinflammatory and vasoactive substances that would lead to a mucosa injury and chronic inflammation. Ocular Surface Disease Index seems to correlate directly with the reflux severity, with cut-off of 41.67 score as predictor for disease.
DISCUSSION
The role of laryngopharyngeal reflux in the development of ocular disorders has not yet been demonstrated and data are limited and heterogeneous. It seems theoretically conceivable that pepsin may reach lachrymal duct area through hypopharyngeal-nasal gaseous reflux events. Future studies using objective testing for diagnosis and pepsin detection into the tear and nasal mucosa are needed in order to explore this potential relationship.
Topics: Humans; Lacrimal Duct Obstruction; Laryngitis; Laryngopharyngeal Reflux; Nasolacrimal Duct; Pepsin A
PubMed: 33849761
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2021.03.010 -
BioMed Research International 2017To evaluate the efficacy of collagen cross-linking (CXL) one year after treatment for keratoconus compared to no treatment by summarizing randomized controlled trials... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
To evaluate the efficacy of collagen cross-linking (CXL) one year after treatment for keratoconus compared to no treatment by summarizing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using a systematic review.
METHODS
Trials meeting the selection criteria were quality appraised, and the data were extracted by two independent authors. The outcome parameters included maximum keratometry (), corneal thickness at the thinnest point, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), spherical equivalent (SE) refraction, and cylindrical refraction one year after CXL. We compared the changes in the above parameters with the control group.
RESULTS
We identified five RCTs involving 289 eyes that met the eligibility criteria for this systematic review. The changes in BSCVA from baseline to one year exhibited a significant difference between the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups for changes in corneal thickness and cylindrical refraction. We did not conduct a meta-analysis in , UCVA, and SE refraction because their values were greater than 50%.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the systematic review, CXL may be effective in halting the progression of keratoconus for one year under certain conditions, although evidence is limited due to the significant heterogeneity and paucity of RCTs.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Collagen; Cornea; Corneal Pachymetry; Cross-Linking Reagents; Humans; Keratoconus; Publication Bias; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Refraction, Ocular; Treatment Outcome; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 28691035
DOI: 10.1155/2017/8145651 -
Documenta Ophthalmologica. Advances in... Dec 2017The aim of the meta-analysis was to derive a range of mean normal clinical electrooculogram (EOG) values from a systematic review of published EOG studies that followed... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The aim of the meta-analysis was to derive a range of mean normal clinical electrooculogram (EOG) values from a systematic review of published EOG studies that followed the guidelines of the ISCEV standard for clinical electro-oculography.
METHODS
A systematic literature review was performed using four relevant databases limited to peer-reviewed articles in English between 1967 and February 2017. Studies reporting clinical EOG or FO normal values were included when the report used a standard 30° horizontal saccade, a retinal luminance of between 100 and 250 cd m, and had > 10 subjects in their normative values. The search identified 1145 articles after duplicates were removed with subsequent screening of the abstracts excluding a further 1098, resulting in 47 full-text articles that were then assessed by the author (PC) with a final nine articles meeting the inclusion criteria. An overall effect estimate using inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis was performed to estimate the mean values for the light peak/dark trough ratio (LP:DT ratio) (dilated and undilated), the time to the LP, the amplitude of the LP, dark trough (DT) and the fast oscillation (FO) peak-to-trough ratio from the included studies.
RESULTS
The mean dilated LP:DT ratio was 2.35 (95% CI 2.28-2.42); undilated LP:DT ratio was 2.37 (95% CI 2.28-2.45); LP amplitude was 835 (95% CI 631-1039) µV and the mean time to the LP being 8.2 (95% CI 7.7-8.7) min. The mean DT amplitude was 358 (95% CI 292-424) µV, and the mean FO peak-to-trough ratio was 1.13 (95% CI 1.11-1.16). The results of the LP/DT ratio are drawn from studies with a mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of 34.08 ± 12.93 years for dilated and 33.65 ± 12.28 years for undilated LP/DT ratios.
CONCLUSIONS
The meta-analysis of EOG studies has generated a reference range of normal mean values for clinicians to refer to when using the ISCEV clinical EOG. It provides a potential method to generate similar data sets from published normal values in related visual electrophysiology tests.
Topics: Electrooculography; Humans; Reference Values; Retina; Retinal Pigment Epithelium; Vision Tests; Vision, Ocular
PubMed: 29019002
DOI: 10.1007/s10633-017-9616-8 -
European Archives of... Feb 2023To investigate the impact of with tympanostomy tubes (TT) on infrared tympanic membrane thermometer (ITMT) results and to provide a systematic review of ITMT results in...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the impact of with tympanostomy tubes (TT) on infrared tympanic membrane thermometer (ITMT) results and to provide a systematic review of ITMT results in non-naïve tympanic membranes.
STUDY DESIGN
Original prospective blinded case series and systematic literature review.
SETTINGS
A single tertiary university-affiliated medical center.
METHODS
ITMT measurements of patients with unilateral TT and contralateral naïve control ear were randomly conducted by a single investigator blinded to the TT side before and after cerumen was removed from the external auditory canals. A systematic literature search of "MEDLINE" via "PubMed," "Embase," and "Google Scholar" on comparable published cases was performed.
RESULTS
The mean paired differences (95% confidence interval [CI]) between ventilated and non-ventilated ears before and after cerumen removal were 0.08 ºC/0.14 ºF (-0.04 to 0.19 ºC/- 0.07º-0.34º) and 0.62 ºC/1.12 ºF (0.04-0.25 ºC/0.07-0.45 ºF), respectively (P < 0.001 and P = 0.01, respectively).
CONCLUSION
These findings support the validity and accuracy of ITMT in the setting of ventilated ears.
Topics: Humans; Tympanic Membrane; Prospective Studies; Thermometers; Ear Canal; Infrared Rays; Thermometry
PubMed: 35716181
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07488-3 -
European Archives of... Jan 2022Cochlear implantation became a valid hearing rehabilitation option in common cavity deformity. This study aimed to assess the audiological and speech outcomes of... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Cochlear implantation became a valid hearing rehabilitation option in common cavity deformity. This study aimed to assess the audiological and speech outcomes of cochlear implantation in common cavity deformity patients and to address the surgical aspect used in this population.
METHODS
A comprehensive systematic literature review based on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guideline from database inception through April 2020. Eighteen published articles including 138 patients with common cavity deformity met the inclusion criteria. These articles studied the surgical techniques and the audiological outcomes of cochlear implantation in patients with common cavity deformity in English language.
RESULTS
Trans-mastoid labyrinthotomy was the common surgical approach in these patients. The average speech intelligibility rating and categories of auditory performance scores in common cavity deformity were lower than in normal cochlea subjects (p < 0.05), and non-significant (p > 0.05) compared with other types of inner ear malformations.
CONCLUSION
Patients with common cavity deformity who underwent cochlear implantation showed a beneficial audiological and speech outcome. However, their performance is highly variable. Therefore, pre-operative counseling of the parents is necessary. The surgical approaches should be individualized according to clinical, radiological, and surgical findings.
Topics: Cochlear Implantation; Cochlear Implants; Ear, Inner; Humans; Speech Intelligibility; Speech Perception; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34052873
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-021-06884-5 -
Optometry and Vision Science : Official... Mar 2023This study aimed to use meta-analysis to estimate the association between dyslipidemia and meibomian gland dysfunction. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
PURPOSE
This study aimed to use meta-analysis to estimate the association between dyslipidemia and meibomian gland dysfunction.
METHODS
The following databases were searched: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Case-control and cohort studies assessing the association between dyslipidemia and meibomian gland dysfunction were included. The association was assessed using odds ratios. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed with the χ2 statistic and degree of inconsistency. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022347982).
RESULTS
The systematic review included three case-control and two cohort studies. The odds of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia in meibomian gland dysfunction were 5.45 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.65 to 17.95) and 3.28 (95% CI, 1.25 to 8.62), respectively. The odds of elevated serum low-density lipoprotein and reduced high-density lipoprotein in meibomian gland dysfunction were 2.72 (95% CI, 1.24 to 5.98) and 1.15 (95% CI, 0.74 to 1.79), respectively. The current study's limitation is that the effects of sex, age, and meibomian gland dysfunction severity on the association between dyslipidemia and meibomian gland dysfunction were not assessed.
CONCLUSIONS
The current study suggests a significant association between dyslipidemia and meibomian gland dysfunction. This finding suggests that meibomian gland dysfunction diagnosis may call for dyslipidemia screening.
Topics: Humans; Meibomian Gland Dysfunction; Meibomian Glands; Eyelid Diseases; Dyslipidemias; Cohort Studies; Tears
PubMed: 36722777
DOI: 10.1097/OPX.0000000000001994 -
Medicine Aug 2023Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) have been extensively studied as the main surgical methods for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) have been extensively studied as the main surgical methods for corneal refractive surgery. However, there is no consensus on whether SMILE is superior to FS-LASIK in corneal biomechanics. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis used the results of ocular response analyzer and corvis ST to explore whether SMILE is superior to FS-LASIK in corneal biomechanics.
METHODS
The literature was searched in PubMed, EMBASE, and Controlled Trials Register databases. The Cochrane Collaboration's "risk of bias" tool was used to evaluate the quality of the included randomized clinical trials, and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate the included non-randomized controlled trials. The results were analyzed using Revman 5.3.
RESULTS
Sixteen studies (3 randomized clinical trials and 13 non-randomized controlled trials) were included in this meta-analysis. There was no statistical difference in corneal biomechanics between SMILE and FS-LASIK in corneal hysteresis [mean difference (MD), 0.20; 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.09, 0.49; P = .18] and corneal resistant factor (MD, 0.31; 95% CI: -0.09, 0.71; P = .13), A1 time (MD, -0.02; 95% CI: -0.11, 0.07; P = .66), A1 length (MD, 0.01; 95% CI: -0.01, 0.03; P = .42), A1 velocity (MD, 0.00; 95% CI: -0.01, 0.01; P = .85), A2 velocity (MD, -0.01; 95% CI: -0.11, 0.09; P = .86), HC time (MD, 0.12; 95% CI: -0.13, 0.38; P = .35), The stiffness parameter at first applanation (MD, -7.91; 95% CI: -17.96, 2.14; P = .12), The ratio between the deformation amplitude 2 mm away from apex and the apical deformation (MD, 0.01; 95% CI: -0.26, 0.27; P = .96).
CONCLUSION
A comprehensive assessment of the parameters of ocular response analyzer and corvis ST showed that SMILE is not superior to LASIK in corneal biomechanics 3 months post-surgery.
Topics: Humans; Keratomileusis, Laser In Situ; Biomechanical Phenomena; Myopia; Cornea; Prospective Studies; Surgical Wound; Corneal Stroma
PubMed: 37565903
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000034580 -
Experimental Brain Research Sep 2023Ocular microtremor (OMT) is the smallest of three involuntary fixational micro eye movements, which has led to it being under researched in comparison. The link between...
Ocular microtremor (OMT) is the smallest of three involuntary fixational micro eye movements, which has led to it being under researched in comparison. The link between OMT and brain function generates a strong rationale for further study as there is potential for its use as a biomarker in populations with neurological injury and disease. This structured review focused on populations previously studied, instrumentation used for measurement, commonly reported OMT outcomes, and recommendations concerning protocol design and future studies. Current methods of quantifying OMT will be reviewed to analyze their efficacy and efficiency and guide potential development and understanding of novel techniques. Electronic databases were systematically searched and compared with predetermined inclusion criteria. 216 articles were identified in the search and screened by two reviewers. 16 articles were included for review. Findings showed that piezoelectric probe is the most common method of measuring OMT, with fewer studies involving non-invasive approaches, such as contact lenses and laser imaging. OMT frequency was seen to be reduced during general anesthesia at loss of consciousness and in neurologically impaired participants when compared to healthy adults. We identified the need for a non-invasive technique for measuring OMT and highlight its potential in clinical applications as an objective biomarker for neurological assessments. We highlight the need for further research on the clinical validation of OMT to establish its potential to identify or predict a meaningful clinical or functional state, specifically, regarding accuracy, precision, and reliability of OMT.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Consciousness; Eye; Face; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 37632535
DOI: 10.1007/s00221-023-06691-w