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Quality of Life Research : An... Aug 2018This study aimed to systematically review the available literature on "quality of life" (QoL) or "health-related quality of life" (HRQoL) in Turner syndrome (TS)...
PURPOSE
This study aimed to systematically review the available literature on "quality of life" (QoL) or "health-related quality of life" (HRQoL) in Turner syndrome (TS) patients and to analyze the relations among height, puberty, and the use of growth hormone (GH) and the QoL of TS patients.
METHODS
An electronic bibliographic search was conducted through the PubMed, Embase, Bireme, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The main terms were "Quality of Life" and "Turner syndrome."
RESULTS
Among the databases, 559 articles were found; after the selection process, 13 studies were selected. A quality assessment was conducted, and all the studies were of high quality. Eight well-known QoL questionnaires were used, and the selected studies presented factors that may be related to the QoL of TS patients, such as height, puberty, and GH use. However, a more detailed understanding of which factors are associated with the QoL of TS patients is still needed, which may be due to the lack of specific QoL instruments involving important aspects related to TS.
CONCLUSION
The QoL of TS patients appears to be compromised, but existing data regarding the relations among height, puberty, and GH and QoL are still controversial. Although these factors should be carefully considered in TS patients, it was not possible to determine whether they have a significant relation with the QoL of TS patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Height; Child; Female; Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Quality of Life; Sexual Maturation; Surveys and Questionnaires; Turner Syndrome
PubMed: 29427215
DOI: 10.1007/s11136-018-1810-y -
Neuropsychologia Jun 2018The extent of sex differences in childhood language development is unclear. We conducted a systematic literature review synthesizing results from studies examining sex...
The extent of sex differences in childhood language development is unclear. We conducted a systematic literature review synthesizing results from studies examining sex differences in brain structure and function relevant to language development during childhood. We searched PubMed and Scopus databases, and this returned a total of 46 published studies meeting criteria for inclusion that directly examined sex differences in brain development relevant to language function in children. The results indicate that: (a) sex differences in brain structure or function do not necessarily lead to differences in language task performance; (b) evidence for sex differences in brain and language development are limited; (c) when present, sex differences often interact with a variety of factors such as age and task. Overall, the magnitude of sexual dimorphism of brain developmental trajectories associated with language is not as significant as previously thought. Sex differences were found, however, in studies employing tighter age ranges. This suggests that sex differences may be more prominent during certain developmental stages but are negligible in other stages, likely due to different rates of maturation between the sexes. More research is needed to improve our understanding of how sex differences may arise due to the influence of sex hormones and developmental stages, and how these differences may lead to differences in various language task performance. These studies are expected to provide normative information that may be used in studies examining neurodevelopmental disorders that frequently affect more males than females, and also often affect language development.
Topics: Brain; Child; Child Language; Electroencephalography; Female; Functional Laterality; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Sex Characteristics
PubMed: 29654881
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.011 -
Pediatric Surgery International May 2021Although surgical therapy for testicular tumors (TT) is often radical orchidectomy, tumor resection with preservation of healthy testicular parenchyma has been proposed....
PURPOSE
Although surgical therapy for testicular tumors (TT) is often radical orchidectomy, tumor resection with preservation of healthy testicular parenchyma has been proposed. This study herein reports a 20 year single center experience applying testicular sparing surgery (TSS) as a primary operative strategy in pediatric patients. A systematic literature review summarizes the utility and outcomes of TSS in appropriately selected patients.
METHODS
Pediatric patients with TT who underwent TSS between 1997 and 2018 were studied. TSS was indicated if patients presented evidence of adequately spared healthy testicular parenchyma on preoperative ultrasound and negative serum tumor markers. A systematic review of the literature was also performed.
RESULTS
12 cases met full inclusion criteria with 10 of 12 subjects in the prepubertal age group. Follow-up was 73 months (range 18-278 months). Only a single male patient (GSCCT) presented with early recurrence and orchidectomy was then performed. No cases of postoperative testicular atrophy were identified. Sexual maturation (Tanner stage) expected for age in each patient was documented. Review of the literature identified 34 published studies including 269 patients (94% prepubertal). Pathologic lesions here were mainly mature teratoma(s)-(62%) with a follow-up period of 4 years. Recurrent tumors were observed in only three patients (1.1%) notably two Leydig Cell Tumors and one Teratoma. Testicular atrophy reportedly occurred in only one single case (0.37%).
DISCUSSION
TSS is a feasible alternative to radical orchidectomy in pediatric male patients with localized TT and negative tumor markers. Long term follow-up is essential to monitor testicular growth, puberty with sexual development and psychological male health.
Topics: Adolescent; Biomarkers, Tumor; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Leydig Cell Tumor; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Orchiectomy; Teratoma; Testicular Neoplasms; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 33454815
DOI: 10.1007/s00383-020-04850-6 -
Supportive Care in Cancer : Official... Jan 2023The purpose of this systematic review update is to synthesize available data on management of genitourinary symptoms (GUS) in breast cancer patients, a common and...
PURPOSE
The purpose of this systematic review update is to synthesize available data on management of genitourinary symptoms (GUS) in breast cancer patients, a common and challenging clinical scenario.
METHODS
EMBASE, Ovid Medline, and the Cochrane Library were searched from September 2014 to December 2021 for randomized controlled trials which examined various interventions for GUS in breast cancer patients. Outcomes of interest included improvements in vaginal symptoms (e.g., dryness, pain, dyspareunia, itching), vaginal hormone response measured by validated scales (e.g., Vaginal Health Index, and Vaginal Maturation Index), and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). A team of reviewers participated in the processes of study selection, data collection, and risk of bias appraisal. A descriptive approach to synthesis was used.
RESULTS
Of 842 unique citations identified (412 from this update, 430 from previous review), eight studies (n = 539) met inclusion criteria. Interventions included 0.005% estriol gel (EG; n = 50), intravaginal testosterone (IVT; n = 21), intravaginal prebiotic (n = 13), hyaluronic acid (HA; n = 12), polyacrylic acid (PA; n = 25), pH-balanced gel (n = 118), Replens® (n = 24), and Lidocaine (n = 22). These were compared to placebo/saline/lubricants/usual care (n = 228). FSFI total score was significantly improved by all interventions except IVT and lidocaine, and not measured for Replens®. Significant improvements in vaginal hormone responses were reported for EG and pH-balanced gel; however, no significant effects were found for IVT, HA, or prebiotics. Vaginal symptoms were significantly improved by EG, IVT, PA, and PH-balanced gel.
CONCLUSION
Treatment of GUS remains a challenging issue. It is evident that more prospective trials are needed.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Administration, Intravaginal; Prospective Studies; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Testosterone
PubMed: 36695978
DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-07583-z -
Research Quarterly For Exercise and... Mar 2021: To estimate temporal trends in broad jump performance for United States youth, a marker of muscular fitness and health. : Electronic databases, topical systematic...
: To estimate temporal trends in broad jump performance for United States youth, a marker of muscular fitness and health. : Electronic databases, topical systematic reviews, and personal libraries were systematically searched for studies reporting descriptive standing broad jump data for apparently healthy United States youth (age 10-17 years). Temporal trends at the sex-age level were estimated using sample-weighted regression models associating the year of testing to mean jump performance, with national trends standardized to the year 1985 using a post-stratified population-weighting procedure. : Collectively, there was a small increase of 12.6 cm (95%CI: 12.5 to 12.7) or 7.9% (95%CI: 7.1 to 8.6) in 65,527 United States youth between 1911 and 1990. Increases were greater for girls (change in means [95% CI]: 17.1 cm [16.9 to 17.3]; 11.4% [10.7 to 12.2]) compared to boys (change in means [95% CI]: 8.5 cm [8.3 to 8.7]; 4.6% [3.8 to 5.4]), but did not differ between children (10-12 years) and adolescents (13-17 years). Increases in broad jump performance were not always uniform across time, with steady and progressive increases observed for boys and children, respectively, and a diminishing rate of increase observed for girls and adolescents. : Muscular fitness is a good marker of health, so greater broad jump performance from 1911 to 1990 may reflect corresponding changes in health. Routine assessment of broad jump performance may be useful to monitor trends in health and muscular fitness of United States youth due to its practicality, scalability, and predictive utility.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Muscle Strength; Physical Fitness; Sex Factors; Sexual Maturation; Time Factors; Track and Field; United States
PubMed: 32053474
DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2019.1710446 -
European Journal of Endocrinology Jan 2021The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been on the rise, driven by maternal obesity. In parallel, pubertal tempo has increased in the general...
CONTEXT
The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been on the rise, driven by maternal obesity. In parallel, pubertal tempo has increased in the general population, driven by childhood obesity.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the available evidence on pubertal timing of boys and girls born to mothers with GDM.
DATA SOURCES
We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane library and grey literature for observational studies up to October 2019.
STUDY SELECTION AND EXTRACTION
Two reviewers independently selected studies, collected data and appraised the studies for risk of bias. Results were tabulated and narratively described as reported in the primary studies.
RESULTS
Seven articles (six for girls and four for boys) were included. Study quality score was mostly moderate (ranging from 4 to 10 out of 11). In girls born to mothers with GDM, estimates suggest earlier timing of pubarche, thelarche and menarche although for each of these outcomes only one study each showed a statistically significant association. In boys, there was some association between maternal GDM and earlier pubarche, but inconsistency in the direction of shift of age at onset of genital and testicular development and first ejaculation. Only a single study analysed growth patterns in children of mothers with GDM, describing a 3-month advancement in the age of attainment of peak height velocity and a slight increase in pubertal tempo.
CONCLUSIONS
Pubertal timing may be influenced by the presence of maternal GDM, though current evidence is sparse and of limited quality. Prospective cohort studies should be conducted, ideally coupled with objective biochemical tests.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Child; Child Development; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Puberty; Sexual Maturation; Time Factors
PubMed: 33112263
DOI: 10.1530/EJE-20-0296