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Dermatologic Therapy Mar 2021Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease of the centrofacial region. However, the association between rosacea and smoking remains controversial. To evaluate the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease of the centrofacial region. However, the association between rosacea and smoking remains controversial. To evaluate the association between rosacea and smoking, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis. A comprehensive systematic search of literature published before October 15, 2020 on online databases (including Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase) was performed. The pooled odds ratios (ORs) were calculated. 12 articles were included, covering 80 156 controls and 54 132 patients with rosacea. Tobacco consumption was not found to increase the risk of rosacea. However, using subtype analysis (involving 5 articles), we found there was a decreased risk of rosacea in current smokers but an increased risk in ex-smokers. In addition, smoking appears to increase the risk of papulopustular rosacea and phymatous rosacea. Analysis of all included studies also showed that ex-smoking was associated with an increased risk, while current smoking was associated with a reduced risk of rosacea. In order to prevent many diseases, including rosacea, the public should be encouraged to avoid smoking.
Topics: Humans; Odds Ratio; Rosacea; Smoking
PubMed: 33406295
DOI: 10.1111/dth.14747 -
Clinical Psychology Review Mar 2015Although craving is a frequent phenomenon in addictive behaviors, and laboratory paradigms have robustly established that presentation of cues can elicit self-reported... (Review)
Review
Although craving is a frequent phenomenon in addictive behaviors, and laboratory paradigms have robustly established that presentation of cues can elicit self-reported craving responses, extant work has not established whether cue exposure influences subsequent behavior. We systematically review extant literature assessing the effects of cue exposure to smoking, food, and alcohol cues on behavioral outcomes framed by three questions: (1) Is there value in distinguishing between the effects of cue exposure on behavior from the responses to cues (e.g., self-reported craving) predicting behavior?; (2) What are the effect of cues on behavior beyond lapse, such as broadly considering both target-syntonic (e.g., do cigarette cues predict smoking-related behaviors) and target-dystonic behaviors (e.g., do cigarette cues predict other outcomes besides smoking)?; (3) What are the lessons to be learned from examining cue exposure studies across smoking, food and alcohol domains? Evidence generally indicates an effect of cue exposure on both target-syntonic and target-dystonic behavior, and that self-report cue-reactivity predicts immediate target-syntonic outcomes. Effects of smoking, food and alcohol cues on behavior are compared to elucidate generalizations about the effects of cue exposure as well as methodological differences that may serve the study of craving in the future.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Behavior, Addictive; Craving; Cues; Feeding Behavior; Humans; Qualitative Research; Smoking
PubMed: 25618485
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.001 -
Journal of Medical Internet Research Jul 2023Rapid advancements in eHealth and mobile health (mHealth) technologies have driven researchers to design and evaluate numerous technology-based interventions to promote... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Rapid advancements in eHealth and mobile health (mHealth) technologies have driven researchers to design and evaluate numerous technology-based interventions to promote smoking cessation. The evolving nature of cessation interventions emphasizes a strong need for knowledge synthesis.
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize recent evidence from randomized controlled trials regarding the effectiveness of eHealth-based smoking cessation interventions in promoting abstinence and assess nonabstinence outcome indicators, such as cigarette consumption and user satisfaction, via narrative synthesis.
METHODS
We searched for studies published in English between 2017 and June 30, 2022, in 4 databases: PubMed (including MEDLINE), PsycINFO, Embase, and Cochrane Library. Two independent reviewers performed study screening, data extraction, and quality assessment based on the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) framework. We pooled comparable studies based on the population, follow-up time, intervention, and control characteristics. Two researchers performed an independent meta-analysis on smoking abstinence using the Sidik-Jonkman random-effects model and log risk ratio (RR) as the effect measurement. For studies not included in the meta-analysis, the outcomes were narratively synthesized.
RESULTS
A total of 464 studies were identified through an initial database search after removing duplicates. Following screening and full-text assessments, we deemed 39 studies (n=37,341 participants) eligible for this review. Of these, 28 studies were shortlisted for meta-analysis. According to the meta-analysis, SMS or app text messaging can significantly increase both short-term (3 months) abstinence (log RR=0.50, 95% CI 0.25-0.75; I=0.72%) and long-term (6 months) abstinence (log RR=0.77, 95% CI 0.49-1.04; I=8.65%), relative to minimal cessation support. The frequency of texting did not significantly influence treatment outcomes. mHealth apps may significantly increase abstinence in the short term (log RR=0.76, 95% CI 0.09-1.42; I=88.02%) but not in the long term (log RR=0.15, 95% CI -0.18 to 0.48; I=80.06%), in contrast to less intensive cessation support. In addition, personalized or interactive interventions showed a moderate increase in cessation for both the short term (log RR=0.62, 95% CI 0.30-0.94; I=66.50%) and long term (log RR=0.28, 95% CI 0.04-0.53; I=73.42%). In contrast, studies without any personalized or interactive features had no significant impact. Finally, the treatment effect was similar between trials that used biochemically verified or self-reported abstinence. Among studies reporting outcomes besides abstinence (n=20), a total of 11 studies reported significantly improved nonabstinence outcomes in cigarette consumption (3/14, 21%) or user satisfaction (8/19, 42%).
CONCLUSIONS
Our review of 39 randomized controlled trials found that recent eHealth interventions might promote smoking cessation, with mHealth being the dominant approach. Despite their success, the effectiveness of such interventions may diminish with time. The design of more personalized interventions could potentially benefit future studies.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42022347104; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=347104.
Topics: Humans; Smoking Cessation; Health Behavior; Smoking; Text Messaging; Telemedicine
PubMed: 37505802
DOI: 10.2196/45111 -
International Journal of Epidemiology Jun 2017Tobacco smoking harms health, so why do people smoke and fail to quit? An explanation originating in behavioural economics suggests a role for time-discounting, which... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Tobacco smoking harms health, so why do people smoke and fail to quit? An explanation originating in behavioural economics suggests a role for time-discounting, which describes how the value of a reward, such as better health, decreases with delay to its receipt. A large number of studies test the relationship of time-discounting with tobacco outcomes but the temporal pattern of this relationship and its variation according to measurement methods remain unclear. We review the association between time-discounting and smoking across (i) the life course, from initiation to cessation, and (ii) diverse discount measures.
METHODS
We identified 69 relevant studies in Web of Science and PubMed. We synthesized findings across methodologies and evaluated discount measures, study quality and cross-disciplinary fertilization.
RESULTS
In 44 out of 54 studies, smokers more greatly discounted the future than non-smokers and, in longitudinal studies, higher discounting predicted future smoking. Smokers with lower time-discount rates achieved higher quit rates. Findings were consistent across studies measuring discount rates using hypothetical monetary or cigarette reward scenarios. The methodological quality of the majority of studies was rated as 'moderate' and co-citation analysis revealed an isolation of economics journals and a dearth of studies in public health.
CONCLUSION
There is moderate yet consistent evidence that high time-discounting is a risk factor for smoking and unsuccessful cessation. Policy scenarios assuming a flat rate of population discounting may inadequately capture smokers' perceptions of costs and benefits.
Topics: Delay Discounting; Health Policy; Humans; Risk Factors; Smoking; Smoking Cessation
PubMed: 27818375
DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw233 -
Clinical Oral Implants Research Apr 2015The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the role of smoking as a risk factor for peri-implantitis. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the role of smoking as a risk factor for peri-implantitis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Six electronic databases and a manual search resulted in 5876 unique publications. After selection, only seven studies were included in the systematic review. Dichotomous data were expressed as risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A generic inverse variance statistical model was used. Due to the expected interstudy heterogeneity, a random effect model was used for both data types. Heterogeneity was assessed with the Cochrane χ(2) and I(2) tests. The pooled effect was considered significant for a P-value <0.05.
RESULTS
The implant-based meta-analysis revealed a higher and significant risk of peri-implantitis in smokers (RR: 2.1, 95% CI: 1.34-3.29, P = 0.001) compared with nonsmokers, but the patient-based meta-analysis did not reveal any significant differences for risk of peri-implantitis in smokers (RR: 1.17, 95% CI: 0.78-1.75, P = 0.46). No evidence of significant heterogeneity was detected for the two analyses (χ(2) = 0.64, P = 0.89; I(2) = 0% and χ(2) = 2.44, P = 0.30; I(2) = 18%, respectively, for implant- and patient-based meta-analyses).
CONCLUSION
There is little evidence that smoking is a risk factor for peri-implantitis. However, given the low number of included studies, future studies are needed to confirm these results.
Topics: Humans; Peri-Implantitis; Risk Factors; Smoking
PubMed: 24438442
DOI: 10.1111/clr.12333 -
Addiction (Abingdon, England) Mar 2017Despite decades of research on co-occurring smoking and depression, cessation rates remain consistently lower for depressed smokers than for smokers in the general... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Despite decades of research on co-occurring smoking and depression, cessation rates remain consistently lower for depressed smokers than for smokers in the general population, highlighting the need for theory-driven models of smoking and depression. This paper provides a systematic review with a particular focus upon psychological states that disproportionately motivate smoking in depression, and frame an incentive learning theory account of smoking-depression co-occurrence.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, Scopus, PsychINFO and CINAHL to December 2014, which yielded 852 papers. Using pre-established eligibility criteria, we identified papers focused on clinical issues and motivational mechanisms underlying smoking in established, adult smokers (i.e. maintenance, quit attempts and cessation/relapse) with elevated symptoms of depression. Two reviewers determined independently whether papers met review criteria. We included 297 papers in qualitative synthesis.
RESULTS
Our review identified three primary mechanisms that underlie persistent smoking among depressed smokers: low positive affect, high negative affect and cognitive impairment. We propose a novel application of incentive learning theory which posits that depressed smokers experience greater increases in the expected value of smoking in the face of these three motivational states, which promotes goal-directed choice of smoking behavior over alternative actions.
CONCLUSIONS
The incentive learning theory accounts for current evidence on how depression primes smoking behavior and provides a unique framework for conceptualizing psychological mechanisms of smoking maintenance among depressed smokers. Treatment should focus upon correcting adverse internal states and beliefs about the high value of smoking in those states to improve cessation outcomes for depressed smokers.
Topics: Cigarette Smoking; Comorbidity; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Models, Theoretical; Smoking
PubMed: 27628300
DOI: 10.1111/add.13604 -
The Laryngoscope Aug 2017A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was undertaken, examining the association between tobacco smoking and olfactory function in humans, utilizing... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature was undertaken, examining the association between tobacco smoking and olfactory function in humans, utilizing PubMed and Web of Science (1970-2015) as data sources.
STUDY DESIGN
Systematic literature review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
This database review of studies of smoking and olfaction, with a focus on identifying high-quality studies (based on modified versions of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale), used validated olfactory tests among the generally healthy population.
RESULTS
We identified 11 studies meeting inclusion criteria. Of 10 cross-sectional studies, two were excluded from meta-analysis because the cohorts they studied were included in another article in the review. In meta-analysis, current smokers had substantially higher odds of olfactory dysfunction compared to never smokers (odds ratio [OR] = 1.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.37-1.85). In contrast, former smokers were found to have no difference in risk of impaired olfaction compared to never smokers (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.91-1.21). The single longitudinal study reviewed found a trend toward increased risk of olfactory decline over time in ever smokers; this trend was stronger in current as compared to former smokers.
CONCLUSIONS
Current smoking, but not former smoking, is associated with significantly increased risk of olfactory dysfunction, suggesting that the effects of smoking on olfaction may be reversible. Future studies that prospectively evaluate the impact of smoking cessation on improvement in olfactory function are warranted.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
N/A. Laryngoscope, 127:1753-1761, 2017.
Topics: Humans; Olfaction Disorders; Smoking
PubMed: 28561327
DOI: 10.1002/lary.26558 -
Journal of the European Academy of... Jul 2015Tobacco smoking is known to influence various inflammatory skin diseases. A systematic review with a meta-analysis was conducted to analyse a possible association... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Tobacco smoking is known to influence various inflammatory skin diseases. A systematic review with a meta-analysis was conducted to analyse a possible association between the lifestyle factor tobacco smoking and hand dermatitis. We performed a systematic review using the MEDLINE, Embase and Cochrane Central Register databases. Our search was limited to English and German language, human-subject studies published between January 1, 1980 and December 31, 2013. A total of 43 articles were identified from the initial search, and after taking into account exclusion criteria, only three studies remained investigating the risk factors for hand eczema in the general and in high-risk populations (e.g. bakers, hairdressers, dental technicians). The extracted data were pooled and analysed by standard statistical methods. The studies meeting inclusion criteria consisted of one cohort study and two cross-sectional studies based on a total of 4.113 subjects with hand dermatitis and 34.875 subjects without hand dermatitis. While one of the studies had reported a significant association between hand dermatitis and smoking, the meta-analysis did not confirm this finding (OR 0.99; 95% CI 0.88-1.11). However, heterogeneity across studies was high (I(2) = 72%). Our meta-analysis did not show tobacco smoking to be a risk factor for hand dermatitis. However, these results depend mainly on two large studies from one country. From present data, it cannot be excluded that smoking may influence the course of hand dermatitis. Even though smoking does not seem to be associated with hand dermatitis, it may still negatively influence the course of the disease.
Topics: Acrodermatitis; Hand; Humans; Smoking
PubMed: 25650777
DOI: 10.1111/jdv.12971 -
Addiction (Abingdon, England) Oct 2016Preventing young people from initiating smoking is a vital public health objective. There is strong evidence that exposure to smoking imagery in movies is associated... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Preventing young people from initiating smoking is a vital public health objective. There is strong evidence that exposure to smoking imagery in movies is associated with an increased risk of smoking uptake. However, the estimate of the magnitude of effect is not clear, as previous reviews have synthesized estimates of cross-sectional and longitudinal associations. Therefore, we have performed a systematic review to quantify cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between exposure to smoking in movies and initiating smoking in adolescents.
METHODS
Four electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and International Bibliography of the Social Sciences, IBSS) and grey literature were searched from inception to May 2015 for comparative epidemiological studies (cross-sectional and cohort studies) that reported the relation between exposure to smoking in movies and smoking initiation in adolescence (10-19 years). Reference lists of studies and previous reviews were also screened. Two authors screened papers and extracted data independently.
RESULTS
Seventeen studies met our inclusion criteria. Random-effects meta-analysis of nine cross-sectional studies demonstrated higher exposure (typically highest versus lowest quantile) to smoking in movies was associated significantly with a doubling in risk of ever trying smoking [relative risk (RR) = 1.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.66-2.25]. In eight longitudinal studies (all deemed high quality), higher exposure to smoking in movies was associated significantly with a 46% increased risk of initiating smoking (RR = 1.46; 95% CI = 1.23-1.73). These pooled estimates were significantly different from each other (P = 0.02). Moderate levels of heterogeneity were seen in the meta-analyses.
CONCLUSIONS
The cross-sectional association between young people reporting having seen smoking imagery in films and smoking status is greater than the prospective association. Both associations are substantial, but it is not clear whether or not they are causal.
Topics: Adolescent; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Motion Pictures; Motivation; Smoking
PubMed: 27043456
DOI: 10.1111/add.13418 -
Annals of Oncology : Official Journal... Aug 2014Smoking is a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality. However, little is known on smoking and its association with survival after CRC diagnosis.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Smoking is a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality. However, little is known on smoking and its association with survival after CRC diagnosis. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize current evidence. A systematic literature search was carried out in MEDLINE and ISI Web of Science. We included studies that analyzed recurrence-free survival, disease-free survival, all-cause, and CRC-specific mortality according to smoking status. Data were extracted in duplicate. Standard methods of meta-analysis were applied. Sixteen studies from 11 countries were identified, comprising a total sample size of 62 278 CRC patients. Overall, in the 16 included studies, current smoking and, to a lesser extent, former smoking were rather consistently associated with a poorer prognosis compared with never smokers. Meta-analyses yielded random-effects hazard ratio estimates (95% confidence intervals) for all-cause mortality of 1.26 (1.15-1.37) and 1.11 (0.93-1.33) for current and former smokers, compared with never smokers, respectively. In particular, 30-day mortality was found to be increased by between 49% and 100% among current compared with never smokers. Our results support the existence of detrimental effects of smoking on survival also after CRC diagnosis. Perspectives for enhancing prognosis of CRC patients by smoking abstinence deserve increased attention in further research and clinical practice.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Male; Prognosis; Risk Factors; Smoking; Smoking Cessation
PubMed: 24692581
DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu040