-
British Journal of Sports Medicine Jun 2023Concern exists about possible problems with later-in-life brain health, such as cognitive impairment, mental health problems and neurological diseases, in former...
OBJECTIVE
Concern exists about possible problems with later-in-life brain health, such as cognitive impairment, mental health problems and neurological diseases, in former athletes. We examined the future risk for adverse health effects associated with sport-related concussion, or exposure to repetitive head impacts, in former athletes.
DESIGN
Systematic review.
DATA SOURCES
Search of MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL Plus and SPORTDiscus in October 2019 and updated in March 2022.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA
Studies measuring future risk (cohort studies) or approximating that risk (case-control studies).
RESULTS
Ten studies of former amateur athletes and 18 studies of former professional athletes were included. No postmortem neuropathology studies or neuroimaging studies met criteria for inclusion. Depression was examined in five studies in former amateur athletes, none identifying an increased risk. Nine studies examined suicidality or suicide as a manner of death, and none found an association with increased risk. Some studies comparing professional athletes with the general population reported associations between sports participation and dementia or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) as a cause of death. Most did not control for potential confounding factors (eg, genetic, demographic, health-related or environmental), were ecological in design and had high risk of bias.
CONCLUSION
Evidence does not support an increased risk of mental health or neurological diseases in former amateur athletes with exposure to repetitive head impacts. Some studies in former professional athletes suggest an increased risk of neurological disorders such as ALS and dementia; these findings need to be confirmed in higher quality studies with better control of confounding factors.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42022159486.
Topics: Humans; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Sports; Brain Concussion; Cohort Studies; Case-Control Studies; Dementia
PubMed: 37316187
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2023-106890 -
Bulletin of Emergency and Trauma Jan 2019To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of self-immolation epidemiology and characteristics in Iran. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of self-immolation epidemiology and characteristics in Iran.
METHODS
This was a systematic review and meta-analysis study. PubMed, Scopus, Web of science and Science Direct were searched for English literature and SID and Magiran for Persian in the time period of 2000 to 2016. The retrieved studies were screened and reviewed then quality assessed. Random Effect model was applied for meta-analysis. The qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis method.
RESULTS
After literature screening, 39 studies included in the analysis. Women were subject to self-immolation more than men. The rate of self-immolation estimated to be 4.5 cases in every 100,000 populations and it was the reason of 16% of hospitalized burns. The average length of hospital stay calculated to be 12.24 (95% CI: 8.85-15.59) days. The total burnt surface area was 65.3% (95% CI: 56.71-73.89). Death due to self-immolation was 62.1%. The major risk factors of self-immolation were having mental health issues, family problems and characteristics and problems in relation/communication with spouses.
CONCLUSION
Despite the low rate of self-immolation in Iran, it comprises one sixth of the hospitalized burns. The mortality rate of self-immolation also is high and this highlights the importance of providing special care. Psychological consultations and mental health screening in the primary health care would help to prevent the self-immolation.
PubMed: 30719460
DOI: 10.29252/beat-070101 -
Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica... Dec 2022The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between caffeine and alcohol consumption and in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between caffeine and alcohol consumption and in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcomes.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The protocol was registered in the PROSPERO database on May 23, 2021 (registration number: CRD42021256649), and updated on August 4, 2022. Two researchers performed a literature search in the PubMed, Embase, and MEDLINE databases for articles published before July 15, 2022 independently. Studies investigating the association between caffeine and alcohol consumption and IVF/ICSI outcomes were included, and studies reporting the consumption amount were analyzed using a one-stage robust error meta-regression-based method to explore potential dose-response relation. Funnel plot was used to assess publication bias if more than 10 studies were included.
RESULTS
Twelve studies on caffeine consumption and 14 studies on alcohol consumption were included in the systematic review, of which seven and nine were eligible for the meta-analysis. These studies included 26 922 women and/or their spouses who underwent IVF/ICSI treatment. Women's and men's caffeine consumption was not significantly associated with the pregnancy rate (odds ratio [OR] 0.97, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85-1.12; OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.75-1.14; respectively) and the live birth rate (OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.89-1.08; OR 0.98, 95% CI 0.86-1.12; respectively) of IVF/ICSI. Maternal alcohol consumption was negatively associated with pregnancy after IVF/ICSI treatment (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.69-1.01). Paternal alcohol consumption was negatively associated with partner's live birth after IVF/ICSI treatment (OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.79-0.99). Compared with abstainers, the chance of achieving a pregnancy after IVF/ICSI treatment decreased by 7% for women who consumed 84 g alcohol per week (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.90-0.98), and the chance of partners achieving a live birth decreased by 9% for men who consumed 84 g alcohol per week (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.88-0.94).
CONCLUSIONS
There was no association between caffeine consumption and pregnancy or live birth rate of IVF/ICSI. Women's alcohol consumption was associated with decreased pregnancy rate after IVF/ICSI treatment when weekly consumption was greater than 84 g. Men's alcohol consumption was associated with decreased live birth rate after IVF/ICSI treatment when weekly consumption was greater than 84 g.
Topics: Pregnancy; Male; Female; Humans; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic; Caffeine; Semen; Pregnancy Rate; Fertilization in Vitro; Live Birth; Alcohol Drinking
PubMed: 36259227
DOI: 10.1111/aogs.14464 -
Journal of Cancer Survivorship :... Feb 2021The purpose of this study is to systematically review the current literature on the post-treatment survivorship experiences of African-American men with prostate cancer... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study is to systematically review the current literature on the post-treatment survivorship experiences of African-American men with prostate cancer by exploring qualitative studies to gain a deep understanding of their survivorship experiences.
METHOD
We searched five databases for studies published from 2008 to 2018. We identified ten relevant qualitative studies, conducted a meta-synthesis using Noblit and Hare's meta-ethnography approach, and evaluated their quality appraisal using the validated Critical Appraisal Skills Program.
RESULTS
This review generated a total of four main themes and nine subthemes. The Four main themes included coping strategy, psychophysical impact, health system influence, and socioeconomic impact. Spirituality, healthy behaviors, supportive care of spouse/family/friends and non-communicating/reticent were subthemes identified in the coping strategy theme; physical well-being and sexuality and masculinity were subthemes in the psychophysical impact theme; healthcare provider interaction and treatment decision-making were subthemes identified in the health system influence theme, and health insurance status was the subtheme in the socioeconomic impact theme.
CONCLUSION
Our findings reveal that the experiences of African-American prostate cancer survivors are complex and multidimensional.
IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS
This review highlights the need for further studies with African-American prostate cancer survivors, precisely identify their needs and plan a culturally appropriate intervention to meet those needs.
Topics: Black or African American; Cancer Survivors; Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Qualitative Research; Survivors
PubMed: 32666419
DOI: 10.1007/s11764-020-00909-4 -
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Aug 2021Studies investigating the association between pesticide exposure and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk have been inconclusive.
BACKGROUND
Studies investigating the association between pesticide exposure and colorectal cancer (CRC) risk have been inconclusive.
OBJECTIVES
Investigate the association between pesticide exposure and CRC risk through a systematic literature review.
METHODS
CRC has the fourth-highest rate of cancer-caused death in the US after lung cancer, breast cancer in women, and prostate cancer in men. Here we have conducted a systematic literature search on studies examining the association between any pesticide exposure and CRC risk using PubMed, MEDLINE via EBSCO host, and Embase according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist.
RESULTS
Following the review, 139 articles were included for qualitative evaluation. Study participants were farmers, pesticide applicators, pesticide manufacturers, spouses of pesticide applicators, farm residents, Korean veterans of the Vietnam War, rural communities, and those who consumed food with pesticide residues. The studies' results were split between those with significant positive (39 significant results) and inverse (41 significant results) associations when comparing pesticide exposure and CRC risk.
DISCUSSION
From our literature review, we have identified a similar number of significant positive and inverse associations of pesticide exposure with CRC risk and therefore cannot conclude whether pesticide exposure has a positive or inverse association with CRC risk overall. However, certain pesticides such as terbufos, dicamba, trifluralin, S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC), imazethapyr, chlorpyrifos, carbaryl, pendimethalin, and acetochlor are of great concern not only for their associated elevated risk of CRC, but also for the current legal usage in the United States (US). Aldicarb and dieldrin are of moderate concern for the positive associations with CRC risk, and also for the illegal usage or the detection on imported food products even though they have been banned in the US. Pesticides can linger in the soil, water, and air for weeks to years and, therefore, can lead to exposure to farmers, manufacturing workers, and those living in rural communities near these farms and factories. Approximately 60 million people in the US live in rural areas and all of the CRC mortality hotspots are within the rural communities. The CRC mortality rate is still increasing in the rural regions despite the overall decreasing of incidence and mortality of CRC elsewhere. Therefore, the results from this study on the relationship between pesticide exposure and CRC risk will help us to understand CRC health disparities.
Topics: Adult; Colorectal Neoplasms; Farmers; Female; Herbicides; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Occupational Exposure; Pesticide Residues; Pesticides
PubMed: 34029839
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112327 -
AIDS Research and Treatment 2019Breastfeeding is the ideal food source for all newborns globally. However, in the era of Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) infection, feeding practice is a challenge... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Breastfeeding is the ideal food source for all newborns globally. However, in the era of Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) infection, feeding practice is a challenge due to mother-to-child HIV transmission. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the national prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and mixed feeding practices among HIV positive mothers and its association with counseling and HIV disclosure status to the spouse in Ethiopia.
METHODS
We searched all available articles from the electronic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, and the Web of Science. Moreover, reference lists of the included studies and the Ethiopian institutional research repositories were used. Searching of articles was limited to the studies conducted in Ethiopia and published in English language. We have included observational studies including cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies. The weighted inverse variance random effects model was used. The overall variations between studies were checked through heterogeneity test (I). Subgroup analysis by region was conducted. To assess the quality of the study, the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) quality appraisal criteria were employed. Publication bias was checked with the funnel plot and Egger's regression test.
RESULT
A total of 18 studies with 4,844 participants were included in this study. The national pooled prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding and mixed feeding practices among HIV positive mothers were 63.43% (95% CI: 48.19, 78.68) and 23.11% (95% CI: 10.10, 36.13), respectively. In the subgroup analysis, the highest prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding practice was observed in Tigray (90.12%) and the lowest in Addis Ababa (41.92%). Counseling on feeding option with an odds ratio of 4.32 (95% CI: 2.75, 6.77) and HIV disclosure status to the spouse with an odds ratio of 6.05 (95% CI: 3.03, 12.06) were significantly associated with exclusive breast feedings practices.
CONCLUSION
Most mothers report exclusive breastfeeding, but there are still almost a quarter of mothers who mix feed. Counseling on feeding options and HIV disclosure status to the spouse should be improved.
PubMed: 31467708
DOI: 10.1155/2019/3862098 -
Scandinavian Journal of Public Health Jul 2017Familicide is a multiple-victim homicide incident in which the killer's spouse and one or more children are slain. A systematic review was conducted to reveal the... (Review)
Review
AIMS
Familicide is a multiple-victim homicide incident in which the killer's spouse and one or more children are slain. A systematic review was conducted to reveal the background factors of western homicide perpetrators.
METHODS
The systematic search was performed in the Arto, Medic, Cinahl, Medline, EBSCOhost Academic Search Premier and Social Services abstracts databases. The keywords were familicide, family homicide, familicide-suicide, filicide-suicide, extended suicide, child, murder, family, filicide and infanticide. The searches revealed 4139 references from the databases. The references were filtered and 32 peer-reviewed research articles revealed in years 2004-2014 were selected as data. The articles were analysed using inductive content analysis, by finding all possible background factors related to homicide.
RESULTS
The factors were described as percentages of the range. The background factors of familicide perpetrators were categorised as follows: perpetrators who had committed homicide of a child and intimate partner and possibly committed suicide; a father had who killed a child; a mother who had killed a child; a father who had committed a filicide-suicide; and a mother who had committed a filicide-suicide.
CONCLUSIONS
Psychological instability, violence and crime were found in all these categories of familicides. Perpetrators who had committed a suicide in addition to the familicide had more often been diagnosed with depression, but they sought treatment for mental health problems less often and had violence and self-destructiveness less often in their background than in other familicide categories. Social and healthcare professionals should be more sensitive to emerging family problems and be prepared for intervention.
Topics: Australia; Canada; Europe; Family; Homicide; Humans; Risk Factors; United States
PubMed: 28565939
DOI: 10.1177/1403494817705587 -
Integrative Cancer Therapies 2023Sleep disturbances are common and bothersome among cancer and noncancer populations. () is commonly used to improve sleep, yet its efficacy and safety are unclear. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Sleep disturbances are common and bothersome among cancer and noncancer populations. () is commonly used to improve sleep, yet its efficacy and safety are unclear.
METHODS
We systematically searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE from inception through October 5, 2021, to identify randomized trials of . We included randomized trials comparing to placebo, medications, cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), or usual care for improving sleep outcomes in cancer and noncancer patients with insomnia or sleep disturbance. We performed a risk of bias analysis following Cochrane guidelines. Depending on heterogeneity, we pooled studies with similar comparators using fixed- and random-effects models.
RESULTS
We included participants with insomnia disorder (N = 785) or sleep disturbance (N = 120) from 9 trials. Compared with placebo, led to significant subjective sleep quality improvements in participants with insomnia and patients with sleep disturbance combined (standard mean difference -0.58, 95% CI -1.04, -0.11; < .01); Compared with benzodiazepines or CBT, was associated with a significant decrease in insomnia severity (mean difference -2.68 points, 95% CI -5.50, -0.22; = .03) at 4 weeks in the general population and cancer patients. The long-term effects of were mixed among trials. did not increase the incidence of major adverse events. The placebo-controlled studies had a low risk of bias.
CONCLUSION
is associated with short-term patient-reported sleep quality improvements among individuals with insomnia or sleep disturbance. Due to the small sample size and variable study quality, the clinical benefits and harms of , particularly in the long term, should be further assessed in a sufficiently powered randomized trial.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42021281943.
Topics: Humans; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Quality Improvement; Seeds; Sleep; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Sleep Wake Disorders; Plants, Medicinal; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37014010
DOI: 10.1177/15347354231162080 -
International Journal of Gynaecology... Jun 2016Intimate partner violence (IPV) has a detrimental impact on the lives of women worldwide. Several studies have examined the effect IPV has on adverse birth outcomes when... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has a detrimental impact on the lives of women worldwide. Several studies have examined the effect IPV has on adverse birth outcomes when it occurs during pregnancy.
OBJECTIVES
To explore the association between IPV and selected adverse birth outcomes.
SEARCH STRATEGY
Multiple databases were searched to identify studies investigating the association between IPV and low birth weight (LBW), preterm birth, and/or intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR).
SELECTION CRITERIA
Included studies defined the perpetrator of violence as an intimate partner, the type of violence as physical and/or sexual, and the study outcomes as LBW, preterm birth, or IUGR, with violence preceding delivery.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Random-effects meta-analysis was used to calculate adjusted/unadjusted odds ratios (ORs). Subanalyses explored the effect of emotional/psychological violence on birth outcomes.
MAIN RESULTS
Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria (15 LBW, 12 preterm birth, 4 IUGR). IPV was associated with LBW (OR 1.18, 95% confidence interval 1.05-1.31; I(2)=0.70, P<0.001) and preterm birth (OR 1.42, 95% confidence interval 1.21-1.63; I(2)=0.20, P<0.001). No statistically significant association was found for IUGR.
CONCLUSIONS
There are associations between IPV and LBW and preterm birth that could be causal.
Topics: Female; Fetal Growth Retardation; Humans; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Odds Ratio; Physical Abuse; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Premature Birth; Sex Offenses; Spouse Abuse
PubMed: 27039053
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.10.023 -
Palliative & Supportive Care Oct 2023Cancer does affect not only the lives of the patients but also that of their spouses. The aims of this systematic review are to (i) explore the gender differences in the... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Cancer does affect not only the lives of the patients but also that of their spouses. The aims of this systematic review are to (i) explore the gender differences in the impact of caregiving for cancer on spousal caregivers, (ii) facilitate the conceptual understanding of gender differences in caregiving, and (iii) identify directions for future research and clinical practice targeting spousal caregivers.
METHODS
A comprehensive search was conducted of the electronic databases of MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EBSCO, and CINAHL Plus for papers published in English between 2000 and 2022. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to identify, select, appraise, and synthesize the studies.
RESULTS
A total of 20 studies from seven countries were reviewed. Findings of the studies were presented using the biopsychosocial model. Spousal caregivers of cancer patients suffered from physical, psychological, and socioeconomic morbidities, with female spousal caregivers reporting a higher level of distress. The gendered positioning of spousal caregivers in the societal context had further brought about over-responsibility and self-sacrifice among women.
SIGNIFICANCE OF RESULTS
The gendered positions of cancer spousal caregivers further illustrated the gender differences in the caregiving experiences and consequences. Health-care professionals in routine clinical practice should be proactive in identifying physical, mental, and social morbidities among cancer spousal caregivers, particularly female ones, and providing timely interventions. Health-care professionals should recognize the pressing need for empirical research, political engagement, and action plans to address the health status and health-related behaviors of patients' spouses along the cancer trajectory.
Topics: Humans; Female; Caregivers; Sex Factors; Spouses; Stress, Psychological; Neoplasms
PubMed: 37334489
DOI: 10.1017/S1478951523000731