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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 2015Streptococcus suis is the most common cause of meningitis in pork consuming and pig rearing countries in South-East Asia. We performed a systematic review of studies on... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Streptococcus suis is the most common cause of meningitis in pork consuming and pig rearing countries in South-East Asia. We performed a systematic review of studies on S. suis meningitis to define the clinical characteristics, predisposing factors and outcome.
METHODOLOGY
Studies published between January 1, 1980 and August 1, 2015 were identified from main literature databases and reference lists. Studies were included if they were written in West-European languages and described at least 5 adult patients with S. suis meningitis in whom at least one clinical characteristic was described.
FINDINGS
We identified 913 patients with S. suis meningitis included in 24 studies between 1980 and 2015. The mean age was 49 years and 581 of 711 patients were male (82%). Exposure to pigs or pork was present in 395 of 648 patients (61%) while other predisposing factors were less common. 514 of 528 patients presented with fever (97%), 429 of 451 with headache (95%), 462 of 496 with neck stiffness (93%) and 78 of 384 patients (20%) had a skin injury in the presence of pig/pork contact. The case fatality rate was 2.9% and hearing loss was a common sequel occurring in 259 of 489 patients (53%). Treatment included dexamethasone in 157 of 300 (52%) of patients and was associated with reduced hearing loss in S. suis meningitis patients included in a randomized controlled trial.
CONCLUSION
S. suis meningitis has a clear association with pig and pork contact. Mortality is low, but hearing loss occurs frequently. Dexamethasone was shown to reduce hearing loss.
Topics: Age Distribution; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Asia, Southeastern; Dexamethasone; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Meningitis, Bacterial; Mortality; Occupational Exposure; Risk Factors; Sex Distribution; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus suis; Swine
PubMed: 26505485
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004191 -
One Health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) Jun 2023is one of the most important pathogens affecting pig production worldwide. It can be also transmitted to human through the behaviors of eating undercooked pork or... (Review)
Review
is one of the most important pathogens affecting pig production worldwide. It can be also transmitted to human through the behaviors of eating undercooked pork or slaughtering sick pigs. A meta-analysis was conducted to estimate the prevalence across different geographical areas in China. Forty-three articles were included and distributed in 22 provinces of China. The prevalence of infection in pigs varied from 4.2% to 93.7%, with a summary estimate of 40.8% (95%CI, 32.9-48.6%). Six provinces, classified as frequent outbreaks in human cases, had a higher prevalence (52.7%, 95%CI: 43.7-61.6%) than other provinces (36.0%, 95%CI: 27.0-44.9%). Jiangsu province had the highest prevalence with 73.1% (95%CI: 70.42-75.68%), followed by Hunan (59.64%, 95%CI: 55.83-63.37%), Shanxi (55.56%, 95%CI: 47.05-63.83%), and Guangxi (50.55%, 95%CI: 49.45-51.64%). The prevalence has been decreasing gradually, from 47.6% (95%CI: 38.1-57.1%) before 2010, then dropped to 39.1% (95%CI: 25.5-52.8%) during 2011-2015, and reached the lowest in recent five years (2016-2020), with 34.3% (95%CI: 23.1-45.4%). The study findings showed that was presented in pig populations of most provinces of China, which indicated that effective control measures in pigs should be implemented. Our results also provided solid evidence for the early warning and prevention of human infection in China, which would mitigate the risk to humans.
PubMed: 37363255
DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100513 -
Virulence Dec 2021is an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Over 100 putative virulence factors have been described, but it is unclear to what extent these virulence factors could contribute to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
is an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Over 100 putative virulence factors have been described, but it is unclear to what extent these virulence factors could contribute to zoonotic potential of . We identified all virulence factors studied in experimental models of human origin in a systematic review and assessed their contribution to zoonotic potential in a subsequent genomic meta-analysis. PubMed and Scopus were searched for English-language articles that studied virulence published until 31 March 2021. Articles that analyzed a virulence factor by knockout mutation, purified protein, and/or recombinant protein in a model of human origin, were included. Data on virulence factor, strain characteristics, used human models and experimental outcomes were extracted. All publicly available genomes with available metadata on host, disease status and country of origin, were included in a genomic meta-analysis. We calculated the ratio of the prevalence of each virulence factor in human and pig isolates. We included 130 articles and 1703 genomes in the analysis. We identified 53 putative virulence factors that were encoded by genes which are part of the core genome and 26 factors that were at least twice as prevalent in human isolates as in pig isolates. Hhly3 and NisK/R were particularly enriched in human isolates, after stratification by genetic lineage and country of isolation. This systematic review and genomic meta-analysis have identified virulence factors that are likely to contribute to the zoonotic potential of .
Topics: Animals; Genomics; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus suis; Swine; Swine Diseases; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 34666617
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1985760 -
Scientific Reports Sep 2018Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a gram-positive bacterial pathogen in pigs which can cause serious infections in human including meningitis, and septicaemia resulting in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a gram-positive bacterial pathogen in pigs which can cause serious infections in human including meningitis, and septicaemia resulting in serious complications. There were discrepancies between different data and little is known concerning associated risk factors of S. suis. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to investigate on S. suis infection risk factors in human. We searched eight relevant databases using the MeSH terms "Streptococcus suis" OR "Streptococcus suis AND infection" limited in human with no time nor language restriction. Out of 4,999 articles identified, 32 and 3 studies were included for systematic review and meta-analysis respectively with a total of 1,454 Streptococcus suis cases reported. S. suis patients were generally adult males and the elderly. The mean age ranged between 37 to 63 years. Meningitis was the most common clinical manifestation, and deafness was the most common sequelae found among survivors followed by vestibular dysfunction. Infective endocarditis was also noted as among the most common clinical presentations associated with high mortality rate in a few studies. Meta-analyses categorized by type of control groups (community control, and non-S. suis sepsis) were done among 850 participants in 3 studies. The combined odd ratios for studies using community control groups and non-S. Suis sepsis as controls respectively were 4.63 (95% CI 2.94-7.29) and 78.00 (95% CI 10.38-585.87) for raw pork consumption, 4.01 (95% CI 2.61-6.15) and 3.03 (95% CI 1.61-5.68) for exposure to pigs or pork, 11.47, (95% CI 5.68-23.14) and 3.07 (95% CI 1.81-5.18) for pig-related occupation and 3.56 (95% CI 2.18-5.80) and 5.84 (95% CI 2.76-12.36) for male sex. The results were found to be significantly associated with S. suis infection and there was non-significant heterogeneity. History of skin injury and underlying diseases were noted only a small percentage in most studies. Setting up an effective screening protocol and public health interventions would be effective to enhance understanding about the disease.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Animals; Endocarditis; Female; Humans; Male; Meningitis, Bacterial; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus suis; Swine
PubMed: 30190575
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31598-w -
Veterinary World Feb 2024Among serotypes, serotype 2 is the most significant serotype that causes serious diseases in pigs and humans worldwide. The present study aimed to estimate the global...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Among serotypes, serotype 2 is the most significant serotype that causes serious diseases in pigs and humans worldwide. The present study aimed to estimate the global prevalence of serotype 2 isolated from pigs, determine its trend, and explore the factors associated with this serotype.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We retrieved relevant published studies from PubMed, Scopus, and the Web of Science. The retrieved citations were screened for possible inclusion. Relevant data were then extracted from the included studies. The random-effects model was used for all meta-analyses. A subgroup meta-analysis was used to assess the heterogeneity of the prevalence for four characteristics (continents, sampling organs, reporting unit, and pig's health status). A cumulative meta-analysis was performed to determine the cumulative prevalence over time. Meta-regression analysis was used to determine the trend of pooled prevalence of serotype 2 over time.
RESULTS
Of 600 articles retrieved, 36 studies comprising a total sample size of 6939 isolates or samples from 16 countries of four continents were included for meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of serotype 2 isolated from pigs was 13.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 10.7%-17.1%), with high heterogeneity among the included studies (Cochran's Q, 431.6; p < 0.001; I = 91.9%; Table-1). No statistical significance was observed among subgroups of the four characteristics examined. However, the pooled prevalence of serotype 2 was as high as 16.0% (95% CI, 12.5%-20.3%; n = 16) in diseased pigs compared with 9.9% (95% CI, 5.6%-17.0%; n = 15) in healthy pigs. The pooled prevalence of serotype 2 isolated from pigs did not significantly decrease over time [regression coefficient = -0.020 (95% CI, 0.046-0.006, p = 0.139)]. The pooled prevalence of serotype 2 isolated from pigs fluctuated slightly between 13.2% and 17.8% from 2007 to 2023, although the pooled prevalence gradually decreased from 30.6% in 1987 to over 20% in 2003.
CONCLUSION
The global prevalence of serotype 2 isolated from pigs was estimated to be 13.6% (approximately 10% in healthy pigs and around 16% in diseased pigs). serotype 2 isolated from pigs did not change significantly over time. These results indicate that serotype 2 remains a problem for the pig industry and poses a threat to human health.
PubMed: 38595647
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2024.233-244 -
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y... Feb 2022Streptococcus suis (S. suis) infection is poorly described zoonosis in our country, which is related with exposure to pigs or their meat. The most common clinical...
INTRODUCTION
Streptococcus suis (S. suis) infection is poorly described zoonosis in our country, which is related with exposure to pigs or their meat. The most common clinical presentation is meningitis, while spine's involvement is rare.
METHODS
We report 2 cases of S. suis infection and perform a systematic review of the articles published on S. suis spondylodiscitis between January 1994 and May 2020 with the aim of defining the clinical characteristics, predisposing factors and evolution.
RESULTS
17 cases are described, 76.5% males with a mean age of 57.6 years, generally without associated underlying disease. Enolism was a factor present in 17.6%. 70.6% had exposure to pigs or their meat and 20% hand injuries. The mean duration of symptoms was 10.2 days and the most affected segment was the lumbar level. 70.6% had meningitis. All were treated with beta-lactams with an average duration of 53.2 days. There was a recurrence and none died.
CONCLUSION
There are few cases of S. suis spondylodiscitis in the literature. When occurs, it is associated with another type of infection in most cases. They present a good response to medical treatment and a good prognosis.
Topics: Animals; Discitis; Female; Humans; Male; Meningitis; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus suis; Swine; Zoonoses
PubMed: 34866038
DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2021.11.001 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Mar 2024Streptococcus suis, a zoonotic bacterial pathogen circulated through swine, can cause severe infections in humans. Because human S. suis infections are not notifiable in... (Review)
Review
Streptococcus suis, a zoonotic bacterial pathogen circulated through swine, can cause severe infections in humans. Because human S. suis infections are not notifiable in most countries, incidence is underestimated. We aimed to increase insight into the molecular epidemiology of human S. suis infections in Europe. To procure data, we surveyed 7 reference laboratories and performed a systematic review of the scientific literature. We identified 236 cases of human S. suis infection from those sources and an additional 87 by scanning gray literature. We performed whole-genome sequencing to type 46 zoonotic S. suis isolates and combined them with 28 publicly available genomes in a core-genome phylogeny. Clonal complex (CC) 1 isolates accounted for 87% of typed human infections; CC20, CC25, CC87, and CC94 also caused infections. Emergence of diverse zoonotic clades and notable severity of illness in humans support classifying S. suis infection as a notifiable condition.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Swine; Molecular Epidemiology; Streptococcus suis; Europe; Phylogeny; Whole Genome Sequencing
PubMed: 38407169
DOI: 10.3201/eid3003.230348