-
International Journal of Cardiology Dec 2014Whether physical activity increases or decreases the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Whether physical activity increases or decreases the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains controversial. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between AF and extent of physical activity. We searched Medline and EMBASE in June 2014 for studies that reported on the associated risk of AF according to history of physical activity. Pooled risk ratios for AF were calculated using inverse variance random effects model, and heterogeneity assessed using I(2). Subgroup analysis was performed according to the nature of the physical activity, and the quality of the studies. We identified 19 relevant studies with a total of over half a million participants (n=511,503). The pooled analysis showed no association between intensive physical activity and AF (RR 1.00 95% CI 0.82-1.22, I(2)=73%, 8 studies, 152,925 participants) with no difference considering low and moderate to high risk of bias studies. Pooled analysis of studies reporting on increasing amount of time spent on physical activities did not show a significant association with AF (RR 0.95 95% CI 0.72-1.26, I(2)=84%, 4 studies, 112,784 participants). Studies of athletes or participants with a history of sports activity which were of poor methodology quality showed a borderline significant association with AF (pooled RR 1.98 95% CI 1.00-3.94, I(2)=59%, 6 studies, 1973 participants). In conclusion, we found no significant increase in AF with a higher level of physical activity. These findings support clinical guidelines encouraging patients to exercise as there is no evidence for harm associated with increased physical activity.
Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Exercise; Humans; Incidence; Motor Activity
PubMed: 25443248
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2014.09.104 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Jun 2021The day-to-day variations of sleep and physical activity are associated with various health outcomes in adults, and previous studies suggested a bidirectional... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The day-to-day variations of sleep and physical activity are associated with various health outcomes in adults, and previous studies suggested a bidirectional association between these behaviors. The daily associations between sleep and physical activity have been examined in observational or interventional contexts. The primary goal of the current systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize existing evidence about daily associations between sleep and physical activity outcomes at inter- and intra-individual level in adults. A systematic search of records in eight databases from inception to July 2019 identified 33 peer-reviewed empirical publications that examined daily sleep-physical activity association in adults. The qualitative and quantitative analyses of included studies did not support a bidirectional daily association between sleep outcomes and physical activity. Multilevel meta-analyses showed that three sleep parameters were associated with physical activity the following day: sleep quality, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset. However, the associations were small, and varied in terms of direction and level of variability (e.g., inter- or intra-individual). Daytime physical activity was associated with lower total sleep time the following night at an inter-person level with a small effect size. From a clinical perspective, care providers should monitor the effects of better sleep promotion on physical activity behaviors in their patients. Future studies should examine sleep and physical activity during a longer period and perform additional sophisticated statistical analyses. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: https://osf.io/w6uy5/.
Topics: Adult; Exercise; Humans; Motor Activity; Polysomnography; Sleep
PubMed: 33571893
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101426 -
European Journal of Epidemiology Apr 2015Physical activity may prevent pancreatic cancer by regulating body weight and decreasing insulin resistance, DNA damage, and chronic inflammation. Previous meta-analyses... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Physical activity may prevent pancreatic cancer by regulating body weight and decreasing insulin resistance, DNA damage, and chronic inflammation. Previous meta-analyses found inconsistent evidence for a protective effect of physical activity on pancreatic cancer but those studies did not investigate whether the association between physical activity and pancreatic cancer varies by smoking status, body mass index (BMI), or level of consistency of physical activity over time. To address these issues, we conducted an updated meta-analysis following the PRISMA guidelines among 30 distinct studies with a total of 10,501 pancreatic cancer cases. Random effects meta-analysis of cohort studies revealed a weak, statistically significant reduction in pancreatic cancer risk for high versus low levels of physical activity (relative risk (RR) 0.93, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.88-0.98). By comparison, case-control studies yielded a stronger, statistically significant risk reduction (RR 0.78, 95 % CI 0.66-0.94; p-difference by study design = 0.07). When focusing on cohort studies, physical activity summary risk estimates appeared to be more pronounced for consistent physical activity over time (RR 0.86, 95 % CI 0.76-0.97) than for recent past physical activity (RR 0.95, 95 % CI 0.90-1.01) or distant past physical activity (RR 0.95, 95 % CI 0.79-1.15, p-difference by timing in life of physical activity = 0.36). Physical activity summary risk estimates did not differ by smoking status or BMI. In conclusion, physical activity is not strongly associated with pancreatic cancer risk, and the relation is not modified by smoking status or BMI level. While overall findings were weak, we did find some suggestion of potential pancreatic cancer risk reduction with consistent physical activity over time.
Topics: Body Mass Index; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Motor Activity; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction Behavior
PubMed: 25773752
DOI: 10.1007/s10654-015-0014-9 -
European Journal of Epidemiology May 2015Physical activity is related to decreased endometrial cancer risk. However, a comprehensive investigation of activity domains, intensities, time periods in life, and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Physical activity is related to decreased endometrial cancer risk. However, a comprehensive investigation of activity domains, intensities, time periods in life, and potential interaction with body mass index is unavailable. We performed a meta-analysis of physical activity and endometrial cancer studies published through October 2014. We identified 33 eligible studies comprising 19,558 endometrial cancer cases. High versus low physical activity was related to reduced endometrial cancer risk [relative risk (RR) = 0.80; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.75-0.85]. The corresponding RRs for recreational activity, occupational activity, household activity, and walking were 0.84 (95% CI 0.78-0.91), 0.81 (95% CI 0.75-0.87), 0.70 (95% CI 0.47-1.02), and 0.82 (95% CI 0.69-0.97), respectively (Pdifference). Walking/biking for transportation, walking for recreation, and walking without specification revealed summary RRs of 0.70 (95% CI 0.58-0.85), 0.94 (95% CI 0.76-1.17), and 0.88 (95% CI 0.52-1.50), respectively (Pdifference). Inverse associations were noted for light (RR 0.65; 95% CI 0.49-0.86), moderate to vigorous (RR 0.83; 95 % CI 0.71-0.96), and vigorous activity (RR 0.80; 95% CI 0.72-0.90; (Pdifference). A statistically significant inverse relation was found for postmenopausal (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.67-0.97), but not premenopausal women (RR 0.74; 95% CI 0.49-1.13; (Pdifference). Physical activity performed during childhood/adolescence, young adulthood/midlife, and older age yielded RRs of 0.94 (95% CI 0.82-1.08), 0.77 (95% CI 0.58-1.01), and 0.69 (95% CI 0.37-1.28), respectively (Pdifference). An inverse relation was evident in overweight/obese (RR 0.69; 95% CI 0.52-0.91), but not normal weight women (RR 0.97; 95% CI 0.84-1.13; (Pdifference). In conclusion, recreational physical activity, occupational physical activity, and walking/biking for transportation are related to decreased endometrial cancer risk. Inverse associations are evident for physical activity of light, moderate to vigorous, and vigorous intensities. The inverse relation with physical activity is limited to women who are overweight or obese.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Mass Index; Endometrial Neoplasms; Exercise; Female; Humans; Leisure Activities; Life Style; Motor Activity; Overweight; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 25800123
DOI: 10.1007/s10654-015-0017-6 -
Ageing Research Reviews Dec 2023Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, that still lacks of a disease-modifying treatment. Consistent... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms, that still lacks of a disease-modifying treatment. Consistent evidence proved the benefits of physical therapy on motor and non-motor symptoms in PD patients, leading the scientific community to propose physical activity as disease-modifying therapy for PD and suggesting the involvement of neurotrophic factors (NFs) as key mediators of neuroplasticity. However, the lack of standardized exercise training and methodological flaws of clinical trials have limited the evidence demonstrating the exercise-induced changes in serum and plasma neurotrophic factors concentration. A systematic search, covering 20 years of research in this field and including randomized and non-randomized controlled trials (RCTs and non-RCTs), which reported changes in serum and plasma NFs after a specific intervention, were reviewed. Pooled effect sizes (p-ESs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) were calculated using a random effects model with R software. A total of 18 articles, of which exercise programs of interventions were codified in terms of type, intensity and duration adopting a standardisation methodology, were included in the systematic review. Six papers, describing the effect of different training programs on BDNF and IGF-1 levels, were included and independently analysed in two meta-analyses. Quantitative analysis for BDNF indicated a statistically significant improvement in serum concentration of PD patients (MD: 5.99 ng/mL; 95%IC: 0.15 -11.83; I = 77%) performing physical activity compared with control conditions in RCTs. Preliminary evidence supported the hypothesis that a moderate intensity aerobic exercise (MIAE) would be necessary to induce the changes in NFs. However, sensitivity analysis of meta-analysis and the few studies included in subgroup analysis did not support these results. Alongside, meta-analysis followed by sensitivity analysis revealed a potential change in serum IGF-1 (MD: 33.47 ng/mL; 95%IC: 8.09-58.85) in PD patients performing physical activity with respect controls in RCT studies. Considering the limited evidence to support or refute the increase in NFs levels in PD patients performing physical activity, there is a need to develop a rigorous controlled randomized trial, with standardization for loading intensity of physical activity, greater sample size, and a correct stratification of PD patients to establish a well-defined correlation between physical activity and NFs levels.
Topics: Humans; Parkinson Disease; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Exercise; Neuronal Plasticity; Quality of Life
PubMed: 37844764
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102089 -
Lung Cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands) May 2016We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between recreational physical activity and lung cancer risk to update previous analyses and to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between recreational physical activity and lung cancer risk to update previous analyses and to examine population subgroups of interest defined by smoking status and histology.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We searched the PubMed database for studies up to May 2015. Individual study characteristics were abstracted including study design, number of cases, assessment of recreational physical activity and type and level of adjustment for confounding factors. Combined effect estimates were calculated for the overall associations and across subgroups of interest.
RESULTS
We identified 28 studies that were eligible for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The overall analysis indicated an inverse association between recreational physical activity and lung cancer risk (Relative Risk (RR), 0.76; 95% Confidence Interval (CI), 0.69-0.85, p-value: <0.001). Similar inverse associations with risk were also noted for all evaluated histological subtypes, including adenocarcinoma (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.72-0.88), squamous (RR, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.71-0.90) and small cell (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.66-0.94). When we examined effects by smoking status, inverse associations between recreational physical activity and lung cancer risk were observed among former (RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.69-0.85) and current smokers (RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.72-0.83), but not among never smokers (RR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.79-1.18).
CONCLUSION
Results from this meta-analysis suggest that regular recreational physical activity may be associated with reduced risk of lung cancer. Only four studies examining never smokers were identified, suggesting the need for additional research in this population.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Humans; Leisure Activities; Lung Neoplasms; Motor Activity; Odds Ratio; Risk; Smoking
PubMed: 27040847
DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2016.01.021 -
BMC Public Health Jan 2023Health-related behaviors may change after retirement and induce changes in the mental health. This systematic review aimed to investigate the nature of changes in...
BACKGROUND
Health-related behaviors may change after retirement and induce changes in the mental health. This systematic review aimed to investigate the nature of changes in physical activity and leisure activities, as well as the relationship between physical activity, leisure, and psychological adjustment among retirees.
METHODS
Search of papers was done in three electronic databases of PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and Scopus without constraints on time, geographical regions, or languages in February 2022. The papers that had examined the relationship between physical activity and adjustment among retirees using observational design (cross-sectional or longitudinal) were included in the present study. To evaluate the methodological quality of cross-sectional studies, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklist, and for longitudinal studies, Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) were used.
RESULTS
The search results identified 1458 records. Twenty-six papers were included in this review based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The findings of most of these studies indicated a significant positive correlation between physical activity, leisure, and psychological adjustment in retirees. Retirees were mostly engaged in passive leisure activities such as reading, watching TV and movies, and less engaged in physical activities, sport, or physical exercise. General organized assessment of the total physical activity among retirees was not possible.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the study findings, it can be stated that there is a positive correlation between physical activity, leisure, and the retirees' adjustment. Usage of the same and valid measurement method specific to old age and retirement period can be useful in more precise assessment of physical activity and its association with adjustment among retirees.
Topics: Humans; Emotional Adjustment; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Leisure Activities; Health Behavior; Retirement
PubMed: 36709282
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15080-5 -
European Journal of Public Health May 2017Reduced physical activity is a known risk factor for many illnesses. Research in adolescent populations found increased physical activity levels improves objective... (Review)
Review
Reduced physical activity is a known risk factor for many illnesses. Research in adolescent populations found increased physical activity levels improves objective health outcomes, but there is conflicting evidence regarding the relationship between physical activity levels and self-reported health status. To synthesise current evidence on the association between physical activity and self-reported health status in adolescents. Secondary objectives are to assess whether the relationship is dose dependant, and the appropriateness of WHO recommendations on adolescents' physical activity. The main databases were searched using keywords for the main outcome of interest (health status, health behaviour and self-perception) and exposure of interest (motor activity, physical activity and exercise), supplemented with manual searches, secondary citation and reference searches. Quality appraisal was carried out using the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology checklist. Eleven studies entered this review. Nine studies reported a significant relationship between increased levels of physical activity and improved self-reported health status, however two did not. Two studies followed up participants and found that the relationship persisted over time. Two papers described a dose-response relationship. Improvements in self-perceived health can be observed even below the current recommended levels of physical activity. The review supports initiatives to encourage adolescents to engage in physical activity as it improves self-reported health status. Sub-optimal levels of physical activity can also be beneficial. Further research should use standardised measurement scales and objectively measured physical activity levels. The roles of gender, income and culture should be further investigated.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Health; Exercise; Female; Health Status; Humans; Male
PubMed: 28340201
DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw187 -
Ciencia & Saude Coletiva Sep 2022This study aimed to systematically review scientific evidence on the barriers and facilitators of physical activity (PA) among the Brazilian population, considering...
This study aimed to systematically review scientific evidence on the barriers and facilitators of physical activity (PA) among the Brazilian population, considering different domains (leisure, travel, work/study, and household). The search was conducted in the MEDLINE/PubMed, ISI Web of Science, SCOPUS, BIREME/LILACS, and APA PsycNET databases and was limited to papers published between 2010 and 2020. A manual search of the Brazilian Journal of Physical Activity & Health was also conducted. The selection process consisted of screening titles and abstracts, followed by the analysis of full texts. Each paper was assessed by two independent reviewers, and when discrepancies arose, a third reviewer was consulted. Leisure, environmental barriers and facilitators were the most investigated domains in the 78 included studies. There was consistency in the positive associations between six different intrapersonal and social facilitators for leisure PA and one environmental factor for travel. There have been a small number of investigations on the work/study and household domains, and future investigations on intrapersonal and social barriers and facilitators in the travel domain are important.
Topics: Brazil; Exercise; Humans; Motor Activity
PubMed: 36000639
DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232022279.04902022 -
BMC Public Health Oct 2022Knowing what facilitates and hinders physical activity behaviour across domains (leisure, travel, work or education, and household) is central for the development of...
BACKGROUND
Knowing what facilitates and hinders physical activity behaviour across domains (leisure, travel, work or education, and household) is central for the development of actions for more active lifestyles. Thus, the aim of this systematic review of reviews was to summarize the evidence on barriers and facilitators of domain-specific physical activity.
METHODS
We included systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis that investigated the association between modifiable barriers and facilitators and levels of domain-specific physical activity. Reviews published until September 2020 were retrieved from PubMed, ISI Web of Science, Scopus, Regional Library of Medicine (BIREME), and PsycNET, and from the reference list of selected articles. Each review was screened by two independent reviewers for eligibility. Data extracted from selected papers included methodological aspects (number of primary studies, study designs, and age groups); physical activity domains and barriers and facilitators investigated; and direction of association. For each pair of barrier/facilitator and domain-specific physical activity, we recorded the number of positive, negative, and null associations reported across reviews. Quality assessment of each systematic review was performed using the AMSTAR-2 tool.
RESULTS
Forty-four systematic reviews were selected. The evidence base was largest for leisure-time followed by travel-related physical activity. A very small number of reviews included physical activity in work, educational and domestic settings. Across all physical activity domains, factors related to the built environment were more abundant in the reviews than intra and interpersonal factors. Very consistent positive associations were observed between a range of intrapersonal factors and leisure-time physical activity, as well as moderately consistent evidence of positive association for general social support and support from family members. Evidence of moderate consistency was found for the positive association between transport-related physical activity and positive beliefs about consequences, walkability, and existence of facilities that support active travel. Evidence on barriers and facilitators for physical activity at work, educational, and domestic settings was limited in volume and consistency.
CONCLUSIONS
Efforts and resources are required to diversify and strength the evidence base on barriers and facilitators of domain-specific physical activity, as it is still limited and biased towards the leisure domain and built environment factors.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42020209710.
Topics: Humans; Travel; Travel-Related Illness; Exercise; Leisure Activities; Life Style
PubMed: 36289461
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14385-1