-
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Nov 2018Biomarkers of antioxidant and biotransformation systems are commonly used to assess polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in fish. Despite their extensive... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Biomarkers of antioxidant and biotransformation systems are commonly used to assess polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in fish. Despite their extensive application of biomarkers, contradictory results are vastly reported in the literature, even for the same species in similar contamination scenarios. This study aims to verify response patterns of biomarkers in fish exposed to PAHs. Through systematic reviews and meta-analyses, we were able to evaluate: (i) overall magnitude of PAHs effects on biotransformation and oxidative stress biomarkers; (ii) patterns of response among experimental approaches (laboratory, field and active biomonitoring), environment (marine and freshwater) and fish habitat (pelagic, demersal, etc.); (iii) effects of exposure route, time and concentration of PAHs; and (iv) which biomarkers respond best to PAHs exposure. Overall, biomarker responses were significantly affected by PAHs exposure. The activities of ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and levels of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and lipid peroxide (LPO) significantly increased in fish exposed to PAHs, whereas catalase (CAT) and glutathione reductase (GR) activities and levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) were not affected. Amongst responsive biomarkers, EROD and GST activities significantly differed among approaches and between marine and freshwater environments, but were not affected by fish habitat. GSSG levels were higher in fish from laboratory bioassays compared to the field, but did not differ between environments nor habitats. Exposure route played a major role only for GST and GPx responses. Finally, increasing PAHs concentration and exposure time had a significant effect on all assessed biomarkers, except for CAT. We conclude that EROD and GST are robust biomarkers to assess PAHs effects in fish. Contrarily, CAT is an inadequate biomarker of PAHs exposure since no significant response was observed. Our study also highlighted some research gaps in PAHs contamination studies, such as a clear lack of active biomonitoring experiments.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Biomarkers; Biotransformation; Catalase; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; Environmental Monitoring; Fishes; Fresh Water; Glutathione; Glutathione Peroxidase; Glutathione Transferase; Oxidative Stress; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Superoxide Dismutase; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 30005257
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.07.004 -
Nutrition Reviews Dec 2023Carnosine and histidine-containing dipeptides (HCDs) are suggested to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative benefits, but their effects on circulating adipokines and...
CONTEXT
Carnosine and histidine-containing dipeptides (HCDs) are suggested to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidative benefits, but their effects on circulating adipokines and inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers remain unclear.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the present systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the impact of HCD supplementation on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers.
DATA SOURCES
A systematic search was performed on Medline via Ovid, Scopus, Embase, ISI Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases from inception to 25 January 2023.
DATA EXTRACTION
Using relevant key words, trials investigating the effects of carnosine/HCD supplementation on markers of inflammation and oxidative stress, including C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), adiponectin, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and catalase (CAT) were identified. Meta-analyses were conducted using random-effects models to calculate the weighted mean differences (WMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
DATA ANALYSIS
A total of 9 trials comprising 350 participants were included in the present meta-analysis. Carnosine/HCD supplementation led to a significant reduction in CRP (WMD: -0.97 mg/L; 95% CI: -1.59, -0.36), TNF-α (WMD: -3.60 pg/mL; 95% CI: -7.03, -0.18), and MDA (WMD: -0.34 μmol/L; 95% CI: -0.56, -0.12) and an elevation in CAT (WMD: 4.48 U/mL; 95% CI: 2.43, 6.53) compared with placebo. In contrast, carnosine/HCD supplementation had no effect on IL-6, adiponectin, GSH, SOD, and TAC levels.
CONCLUSION
Carnosine/HCD supplementation may reduce inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers, and potentially modulate the cardiometabolic risks associated with chronic low-grade inflammation and lipid peroxidation.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42017075354.
PubMed: 38086332
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad150 -
Food & Function May 2022Quercetin, a flavonoid possessing numerous biological activities, is reported to improve renal injury in diabetic animals. Here, the aim of this systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Quercetin, a flavonoid possessing numerous biological activities, is reported to improve renal injury in diabetic animals. Here, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the effect of quercetin on diabetic nephropathy and summarize its possible mechanisms. We searched in four databases PubMed, Web of Sciences (WOS), Cochrane and Embase from inception to May 2021 and ultimately included 20 animal studies in this review. A total of 12 outcome measurements including renal function indexes, oxidative stress biomarkers and inflammatory cytokines were extracted for meta-analysis using RevMan 5.4 software. Apart from creatinine clearance and uric acid with no significant difference, quercetin significantly decreased the levels of renal index, serum/plasma creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urine protein, urine albumin, malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β, and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activity. In short, quercetin improves renal function and attenuates the renal oxidative stress level and inflammatory response in DN animal models. Its possible action mechanisms include anti-oxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, and regulation of renal lipid accumulation.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Humans; Kidney; Male; Oxidative Stress; Quercetin
PubMed: 35416188
DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03958j -
Heliyon Jun 2023(MO), has been studied extensively, and has numerous medicinal and socioeconomic benefits. Emerging research has investigated the efficacy of MO extract and/or its... (Review)
Review
(MO), has been studied extensively, and has numerous medicinal and socioeconomic benefits. Emerging research has investigated the efficacy of MO extract and/or its phytochemical derivatives against ischemic stroke . To date, no studies comprehensively reviewing the effects of MO extract and/or its phytochemical derivatives against ischemic stroke have been published. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the effects of MO extract and/or its phytochemical derivatives against focal ischemic stroke, modeled . Compared with control groups, significant reduction in infarct volume and malondialdehyde levels, and signficant increase in antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase. The primary mechanism of action of MO extract and its phytochemical derivatives which confers neuroprotection is reduction in oxidative stress by increasing antioxidant enzymes. On the whole, the present systematic review critically assessed evidence which demonstrated that MO extract may confer protective effect on experimental ischemic stroke. Although effect size may have been overestimated due to the limited number of included studies, small sample sizes and possible publication bias, results generated in this meta-analysis dmeonstrate that MO extract may be a promising neuroprotective agent against human ischemic stroke.
PubMed: 37303567
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16622 -
Journal of Exercise Nutrition &... Dec 2016This systematic review was performed to summarize clinical trials assessing the effect of Red Ginseng (RG) supplementation on exercise performance and fatigue recovery. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
This systematic review was performed to summarize clinical trials assessing the effect of Red Ginseng (RG) supplementation on exercise performance and fatigue recovery.
METHODS
Two English databases (PUBMED, MEDLINE) and two Korean databases (KISS, RISS) were used as systematic searching engines. We included only articles written in the English and Korean languages. Clinical trials, which evaluated exercise performance and recovery variables with RG supplementation, were included in this review. The methodological quality of all studies was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool. Analysis was conducted with Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Version 3.
RESULTS
In total, 135 potentially relevant studies were identified, and 14 studies were included. Overall, the aerobic capacity (VO2max, heart rate, time to exhaustion, shuttle run, and anaerobic threshold) exhibited no improvement with RG supplementation. In anaerobic capacity (peak power, mean power, and 30 m dash run), no significant improvements with RG supplementation was described in most of the studies. The antioxidant function predominantly measured by levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) showed mixed results. Red Ginseng's effects on fatigue recovery were evaluated using lactate as a main outcome. Two studies observed significant effects while other 5 studies showed no significant effects.
CONCLUSION
The clinical effects of RG have been assessed in various conditions. Although the number of studies presented in this review is small and results of studies are mixed, it is hypothesized that this review article may provide useful guideline to design and conduct future studies investigating efficacy of RG supplementation on exercise performance and fatigue recovery in human trials.
PubMed: 28150477
DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2016.0034 -
Journal of Ginseng Research Jan 2022Spinal cord injury (SCI) is defined as damage to the spinal cord that temporarily or permanently changes its function. There is no definite treatment established for... (Review)
Review
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is defined as damage to the spinal cord that temporarily or permanently changes its function. There is no definite treatment established for neurological complete injury patients. This study investigated the effect of ginseng extract and ginsenosides on neurological recovery and antioxidant efficacies in rat models following SCI and explore the appropriate dosage. Searches were done on PubMed, Embase, and Chinese databases, and animal studies matches the inclusion criteria were selected. Pair-wise meta-analysis and subgroup analysis were performed. Ten studies were included, and the overall methodological qualities were low quality. The result showed ginseng extract and ginsenosides significantly improve neurological function, through the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor rating scale (pooled MD = 4.40; 95% CI = 3.92 to 4.88; p < 0.00001), significantly decrease malondialdehyde (MDA) (n = 290; pooled MD = -2.19; 95% CI = -3.16 to -1.22; p < 0.0001) and increase superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels (n = 290; pooled MD = 2.14; 95% CI = 1.45 to 2.83; p < 0.00001). Both low (<25 mg/kg) and high dosage (≥25 mg/kg) showed significant improvement in the motor function recovery in SCI rats. Collectively, this review suggests ginseng extract and ginsenosides has a protective effect on SCI, with good safety and a clear mechanism of action and may be suitable for future clinical trials and applications.
PubMed: 35058723
DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.05.009 -
Inflammopharmacology Dec 2022Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, potentially cancerous disease with limited treatment options. Quercetin may be a novel treatment for IBD. However, its... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic, potentially cancerous disease with limited treatment options. Quercetin may be a novel treatment for IBD. However, its efficacy and safety are unknown. Our goal was to conduct a systematic evaluation to summarize the preclinical effects of quercetin, which may help guide future studies.
METHODS
The literature was drawn from three English databases (PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science), and the quality of the included literature was assessed using the SYRCLE list (10 items). The meta-analysis was performed using STATA 15.1 software.
RESULTS
A total of 11 animal studies with 199 animals were involved. The current meta-analysis showed that quercetin could reduce histological score (HS), Disease Activity Index (DAI), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nitric oxide(NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and increase colon length (CL), weight change degree (WCD), interleukin-10 (IL-10), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and catalase (CAT) activity, which may involve anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, cytoprotective, barrier protection, flora regulation.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, preclinical evidence suggests that quercetin is an ideal agent for IBD treatment. However, the validity of the findings may be compromised by the low methodological quality and the small number of studies included. There may be some discrepancies between the results of the current analysis and the real situation. More rigorous experimental designs and more comprehensive studies are needed to test the protection of quercetin against IBD.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Glutathione; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Malondialdehyde; Nitric Oxide; Oxidative Stress; Quercetin
PubMed: 36227442
DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01079-8 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022Accumulated evidence indicates that astragalus polysaccharide (APS) may have a beneficial impact on ulcerative colitis (UC) by suppressing inflammation and decreasing...
Accumulated evidence indicates that astragalus polysaccharide (APS) may have a beneficial impact on ulcerative colitis (UC) by suppressing inflammation and decreasing oxidative stress. Nevertheless, the credibility of the evidence for this practice is unclear. Therefore, we intended to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of animal studies to assess the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of APS when used in the treatment of UC. Electronic bibliographic databases including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Chinese Biomedical Literature (CBM), Wanfang Database, CQVIP Database and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were retrieved for relevant animal studies. The methodological quality of animal studies was evaluated based on the SYstematic Review Center for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE's RoB tool). A meta-analysis was performed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions by using STATA 12.0 software. This study was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42021272595. Twenty qualified publications involving 591 animals were included in this study. There was a significant association of APS with levels of disease activity index (DAI), colon macroscopic damage index (CMDI), colon histopathologic score (CHS), myeloperoxidase (MPO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) compared with that in the control group. Sensitivity analysis that eliminated one study at each stage did not change these results. Egger's test and funnel plot showed that publication bias was existed. In this meta-analysis, APS treatment significantly mitigated colonic damage by reducing the levels of MPO, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, and MDA and recovering the SOD activity. These results demonstrated a protective role of APS in the treatment of UC and showed that the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity were implicated in the underlying mechanisms. Hence, APS may represent a promising candidate for treating UC. However, due to potential publication bias, a cautious interpretation is needed. (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/).
PubMed: 36532736
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1043236 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023The aim of this meta-analysis is to explore all the available literature to obtain updated data about the potential use of antioxidants in the treatment of rheumatoid... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this meta-analysis is to explore all the available literature to obtain updated data about the potential use of antioxidants in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and its ability to reduce disease progression and cardiovascular risk.
METHODS
This systematic review and meta-analysis was performed strictly in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. English and Chinese databases were searched with a retrieval time up to March 2023. These databases included the PubMed, Embase, Medline Complete, Web of Sciences and Cochrane Collaboration, Wanfang, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and VIP databases. This literature search was formulated by the two researchers independently. The search strategy consists of reading, collecting the literature, and conducting the preliminary screening. After that, they provide the final selection of the literature according to the inclusion criteria and data extraction. Also, for all studies, the risk bias was assessed to evaluate the quality of the included references. The content of the risk assessment of bias included the following criteria: random allocation method, allocation plan hiding, blind method, completeness of result data, and selectivity of reporting of results, as well as other biases. The main outcomes were clinical efficiency of antioxidant therapy (C-reactive protein, DAS28 score, HAQ, Number of tender joints, etc.) and oxidative stress indicators (catalase, superoxide dismutase, or total antioxidant capacity).
RESULTS
We observed, in most of the studies, the small or moderate effects of antioxidant treatment. The mean effect size is 0.525, and that means that moderate effects were observed in 30 selected RCTs. Also, this effect is confirmed in the 1652 patients with RA with the mean confidence interval of 0.276 (lower limit) and 0.983 (upper limit). Cohen coefficient was calculated at 0.05.
CONCLUSION
The existing evidence is that antioxidants can reduce systemic and local oxidative stress and can reduce damage as the main agent involved in autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis.
PubMed: 38001790
DOI: 10.3390/antiox12111938 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2019Rhein is considered to have beneficial influence on diabetic nephropathy. Animal experiments suggested that the mechanisms of rhein against diabetic nephropathy may...
Rhein is considered to have beneficial influence on diabetic nephropathy. Animal experiments suggested that the mechanisms of rhein against diabetic nephropathy may involve many processes, but the credibility of the evidence is unclear. Therefore, we conducted systematic review and meta-analysis of pre-clinical animal data to assess the current evidence for rhein effects and mechanisms in treating diabetic nephropathy. The databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP information database, Wanfang Data Information Site, and Chinese Biomedical Literature were searched for this review. SYRCLE's risk of bias tool for animal studies was applied to assess the methodological quality of studies. A meta-analysis was performed according to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions by using RevMan 5.3 and STATA/SE 12.0 software. This study was registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42018105220. Twenty-five studies involving 537 animals were included. There was significant association of rhein with levels of blood glucose ( < 0.05), serum creatinine (Scr) ( < 0.05), urine protein ( < 0.05), kidney tubules injury index ( < 0.05), relative area of kidney collagen ( < 0.05), transforming growth factor-β ( < 0.05), malondialdehyde ( < 0.05), and superoxide dismutase ( < 0.05) compared with that in the control group. No significant association between rhein and endothelin ( > 0.05) was found. Subgroup analysis showed that the hypoglycemic effect of rhein on type 2 diabetic nephropathy was better than on type 1 diabetic nephropathy ( < 0.05). These findings suggested that rhein has beneficial effects on animal models of diabetic nephropathy, and that the mechanisms are mostly involved with ameliorating levels of TGF-β, renal fibrosis, metabolism, and oxidative stress status. However, some factors such as possible publication bias, methodological quality, and sample size may affect the accuracy of positive findings. These limitations suggested that a cautious interpretation of the positive results of this systematic review and meta-analysis is necessary. Therefore, high methodological quality and well-reported animal experiments are needed in future research.
PubMed: 31920660
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01473