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Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric... Nov 2016The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies that examined the relationship between anxiety disorders, or... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies that examined the relationship between anxiety disorders, or clinically significant anxiety symptoms, at baseline and all-cause mortality at follow-up relative to control participants without clinically significant anxiety.
METHODS
PubMed, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and CINAHL were searched through July 2015, along with manual searches of published reviews and forward and backward snowball searches of included studies. Studies were excluded if anxiety was not defined with a standardized instrument, or if participants were followed-up for 1 year or less. The initial search yielded 7901 articles after the removal of duplicates, of which 328 underwent full-text screening.
RESULTS
Forty-two estimates from 36 articles were included in the meta-analysis with a total sample of 127,552 participants and over 11,573 deaths. The overall hazard ratio (HR) estimate of mortality in clinically anxious participants relative to controls was 1.09 (95 % CI 1.01-1.16); however, this was reduced after adjusting for publication bias (1.03; 95 % CI 0.95-1.13). There was no evidence of increased mortality risk among anxious participants derived from community samples (0.99; 95 % CI 0.96-1.02) and in studies that adjusted for a diagnosis of depression (1.01; 95 % CI 0.96-1.06).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that positive associations in the literature are attributable to studies in smaller samples, comorbid depression (or other psychiatric conditions) among participants, and possible confounding in medical patient samples followed-up for short durations.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Humans; Survival Rate
PubMed: 27628244
DOI: 10.1007/s00127-016-1284-6 -
Urology Aug 2022The purpose of this study was to determine long-term survival of inflatable penile prosthesis (PP) and identify potential factors that may influence device survival. We... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The purpose of this study was to determine long-term survival of inflatable penile prosthesis (PP) and identify potential factors that may influence device survival. We performed a systematic review of Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials for studies of men treated with inflatable PP with at least 5 years of device survival data. We performed a random effects meta-analysis to estimate device survival at 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years of follow-up. The robustness of the meta-analysis results was evaluated in a 1-study removed sensitivity analysis and sources of heterogeneity among studies were investigated with subgroup analysis. In 12 studies (20,161 patients; median age 57 years), PP device survival was 93.3% at 1 year, 91.0% at 3 years, 87.2% at 5 years, 76.8% at 10 years, 63.7% at 15 years, and 52.9% at 20 years. The results of the meta-analysis were not significantly influenced by single study effects in a 1-study removed sensitivity analysis. In a subgroup analysis, 5-year device survival rates were 90.6% vs 82.1% (P = .01) comparing newer vs older studies; no other patient or study design characteristic was statistically associated with device survival rates. In conclusion, the median device survival time of an inflatable PP is approximately 20 years. The factors responsible for improved device survival in newer studies remain unclear and warrant further study.
Topics: Erectile Dysfunction; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Penile Implantation; Penile Prosthesis; Prosthesis Design; Prosthesis Failure; Survival Rate
PubMed: 35421510
DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2022.03.026 -
Cardiology Journal 2016There is growing controversy regarding the association between digoxin and mortality in atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this analysis was to systematically review... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
There is growing controversy regarding the association between digoxin and mortality in atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this analysis was to systematically review digoxin use and risk of mortality in patients with AF.
METHODS
MEDLINE, EMBASE, GoogleScholar, CINAHL, meeting abstracts, presentations, and Cochrane central databases were searched from inception through December 2014, without language restrictions. For a study to be selected, it had to report the risk of mortality associated with digoxin use in AF patients as an outcome measure. Data were extracted by 2 independent authors. Evidence tables were created.
RESULTS
A total of 16 studies (6 post hoc analyses of randomized controlled trials) with 111,978 digoxin users and 389,643 non-digoxin users were included. In a random effects model, patients treated with digoxin had a 27% increased risk of all-cause mortality (pooled HR 1.27; 95% CI 1.19-1.36) and 21% increased risk of cardiovascular mortality (pooled HR 1.21; 95% CI 1.12-1.30) compared with those who did not use digoxin. In a random effects model, the association of digoxin with all-cause mortality was stronger for AF patients without heart failure (pooled HR 1.47; 95% CI 1.25-1.73) than AF patients with heart failure (pooled HR 1.21; 95% CI 1.07-1.36, interaction p = 0.06).
CONCLUSIONS
Digoxin use in AF is associated with increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortalities. The effect size was larger for AF patients without heart failure than AF patients with heart failure. The study suggests further directed analyses to study the effect that is suggested by this meta-analysis, especially in AF without heart failure.
Topics: Anti-Arrhythmia Agents; Atrial Fibrillation; Digoxin; Global Health; Humans; Survival Rate
PubMed: 27064796
DOI: 10.5603/CJ.a2016.0016 -
Neoplasma Nov 2019Colorectal cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. Effective screening, surveillance and prevention can decrease its incidence, mortality and burden. This... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Colorectal cancer is one of the deadliest cancers worldwide. Effective screening, surveillance and prevention can decrease its incidence, mortality and burden. This meta-analysis aims to provide a pooled estimation of 5-year survival rate for colorectal cancer based on topography codes and treatment in Iranian population. A systematic search for literature was done in international and national databases up to July 2018. Twenty-seven studies from 4929 articles met the eligible criteria. The overall pooled 5-year survival rates of colorectal cancer, colon, rectal and sigmoid were 56% (95% CI: 49, 63), 53% (95% CI: 41, 65), 52% (95% CI: 41, 62) and 38% (95% CI: 22, 55), respectively. In addition, 5-year survival rate of colorectal cancer after surgery was 64% (95%CI: 50, 78). Subgroup analysis by type of data source showed significantly higher rate of survival in oncology center (29%) than hospital-based (p=0.005). As a conclusion, low survival rate of colorectal cancer in Iran necessitates effective screening and surveillance strategies to find precancerous polyps and detect early-stage cases with lower stage risk of cancer.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Iran; Rectal Neoplasms; Survival Rate
PubMed: 31607130
DOI: 10.4149/neo_2019_190131N92 -
Journal of Neurosurgery Mar 2022The tumor characteristics and surgical outcomes of intracranial subependymomas are poorly defined. In this study the authors aimed to provide a comprehensive review of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
The tumor characteristics and surgical outcomes of intracranial subependymomas are poorly defined. In this study the authors aimed to provide a comprehensive review of all clinical, pathological, radiological, and surgical aspects of this important neoplasm to inform future management strategies.
METHODS
A systematic review and meta-analysis of MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases adherent to PRISMA guidelines was conducted.
RESULTS
Of the 1145 articles initially retrieved, 24 studies encompassing 890 cases were included. The authors identified 3 retrospective cohort studies and 21 case series, but no controlled trials. Mean age at presentation was 46.7 ± 18.1 years with a male predominance (70.2%). Common sites of tumor origin were the lateral ventricle (44.5%) and fourth ventricle (43.1%). Cumulative postoperative mortality and morbidity rates were 3.4% and 24.3% respectively. Meta-analysis revealed that male sex (HR 3.15, 95% CI 1.39-7.14, p = 0.006) was associated with poorer 5-year overall mortality rates. All-cause mortality rates were similar when performing subgroup meta-analyses for age (HR 0.50, 95% CI 0.03-7.36, p = 0.61), smaller subependymoma size (HR 1.51, 95% CI 0.78-2.92, p = 0.22), gross-total resection (HR 0.65, 95% CI 0.35-1.23, p = 0.18), and receipt of postoperative radiation therapy (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.27-2.88, p = 0.84). Postoperative Karnofsky Performance Index scores improved by a mean difference of 1.62 ± 12.14 points (p = 0.42). The pooled overall 5-year survival rate was 89.2%, while the cumulative recurrence rate was 1.3% over a median follow-up ranging from 15.3 to 120.0 months. The pure subependymoma histopathological subtype was most prevalent (85.6%), followed by the mixed subependymoma-ependymoma tumor variant (13.7%).
CONCLUSIONS
Surgical extirpation without postoperative radiotherapy results in excellent postoperative survival and functional outcomes in the treatment of intracranial subependymomas. Aggressive tumor behavior should prompt histological reevaluation for a mixed subependymoma-ependymoma subtype. Further high-quality controlled trials are still required to investigate this rare tumor.
Topics: Female; Glioma, Subependymal; Humans; Lateral Ventricles; Male; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34416731
DOI: 10.3171/2021.2.JNS204052 -
Head & Neck Sep 2020The aim of this review was to provide an update on survival rates of osseointegrated implants into common composite free flaps used for maxillary and mandibular... (Review)
Review
The aim of this review was to provide an update on survival rates of osseointegrated implants into common composite free flaps used for maxillary and mandibular reconstructions and identify factors affecting outcomes. PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched. Included studies reported implant survival by flap type. Results were pooled and survival was estimated with the Kaplan-Meier method. Variables affecting survival were assessed using Cox regression. Thirty-two of the 2631 articles retrieved were included, totaling 2626 implants placed into fibula, iliac crest, scapula, and radial forearm free flaps. Pooled survival showed 94% 5-year survival of implants in fibula and iliac crest with no difference between groups (P = .3). Factors effecting survival included radiotherapy (HR 2.3, 95% CI 1.2-4.6, P = .027) and malignant disease (HR 2.2, 95%CI 1.6-3.1, P < .001). Implant survival appears adequate across common flap types; however, there are limited numbers reported in less common flaps.
Topics: Bone Transplantation; Bone-Anchored Prosthesis; Fibula; Free Tissue Flaps; Humans; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Retrospective Studies; Survival Rate
PubMed: 32400954
DOI: 10.1002/hed.26238 -
Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine :... May 2021Salivary gland tumors are a diverse group of uncommon neoplasms that are rare in pediatric patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Salivary gland tumors are a diverse group of uncommon neoplasms that are rare in pediatric patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological profile and survival outcomes of pediatric patients affected by salivary gland tumors.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
An extensive search was carried out using the MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus databases, and grey literature. The risk of bias was available in all papers included.
RESULTS
A total of 2,830 articles were initially retrieved with 54 remaining for data extraction, resulting in 2,937 cases. This comprised forty-five case series' and nine cohort studies. These tumors were slightly more prevalent in females (57.4%). The patients' age ranged from 0.3 to 19 years old, with a mean age of 13.3 years. Parotid was the most affected site (81.9%), and 99.2% of cases clinically exhibited a swelling. Presence of pain/tenderness was reported in 13.5% of the cases, with an average duration of 12.6 months for the appearance of symptoms. Most of the reported cases were malignant tumors (75.4%), with mucoepidermoid carcinoma the most common tumor of all tumors (44.8%), followed by pleomorphic adenoma (24.1%). Surgery alone was the leading treatment choice in 74.9% cases, and the 5-year overall survival rate of patients was 93.1%. Patients with symptoms (P = .001), local recurrence (P < .001), metastasis (P < .001), and those not undergoing surgery or surgery combined with radiotherapy (P < .001) showed lower survival rates.
CONCLUSION
The pediatric patients present a high frequency of malignant salivary neoplasms and a high overall survival rate.
Topics: Adenoma, Pleomorphic; Adolescent; Adult; Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Retrospective Studies; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Survival Rate; Young Adult
PubMed: 33314344
DOI: 10.1111/jop.13151 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... 2016Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Iranian women. Since development of the disease in Iranian women occurs relatively early, the survival rate matters... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among Iranian women. Since development of the disease in Iranian women occurs relatively early, the survival rate matters considerably. In different countries, survival of breast cancer patients varies considerably. Therefore, the one-year, three-year, five-year, and ten- year survival rates for breast cancer in Iran were assessed using a meta-analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This systematic review and meta-analysis was based on valid Iranian sources including SID, MAGIRAN and IRANMEDEX, along with reliable English databases, namely, PUBMED and SCOPUS. In domestic databases, a search was conducted based on key words of breast cancer and survival rate, and in international databases, with "breast cancer" and the equivalent of "neoplasm" of Mesh Word, "survival rate" and "Iran. " Then all reviewed papers and theses which met the inclusion criteria were selected for investigation. To conduct the analysis STATA 11.2 software and random-effects models were used.
RESULTS
In 24 studies, 22,745 participants were included. The one-year, three-year, five-year and ten-year survival rates were 0.956, 0.808, 0.695 and 0.559, respectively. The minimum and maximum survival rates for 5-years were 0.48 and 0.87. The average age of the onset of the disease was 48.3.
CONCLUSIONS
As in Iran, since the onset of the disease is at low age, in spite of the relatively high survival rate as compared to other cancers, prevention and screening programs at early age for early stage diagnosis seems necessary.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Prevalence; Prognosis; Survival Rate
PubMed: 27221922
DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2016.17.4.2223 -
Expert Review of Gastroenterology &... Jun 2015This paper aimed to systematically review the survival of Budd-Chiari syndrome and to identify the most robust prognostic predictors. Overall, 79 studies were included.... (Review)
Review
This paper aimed to systematically review the survival of Budd-Chiari syndrome and to identify the most robust prognostic predictors. Overall, 79 studies were included. According to the treatment modalities, the median 1-, 5- and 10-year survival rate was 93, 83 and 73% after interventional radiological treatment; 81, 75 and 72.5% after surgery other than liver transplantation; 82.5, 70.2 and 66.5% after liver transplantation and 68.1, 44.4% and unavailable after medical therapy alone. According to the publication years, the median 1-, 5- and 10-year survival rate was 68.6, 44.4% and unavailable before 1990; 75.1, 69.5 and 57% during the year 1991-1995; 77, 69.6 and 65.6% during the year 1996-2000; 86.5, 74 and 63.5% during the year 2001-2005 and 90, 82.5 and 72% after 2006. Bilirubin, creatinine and ascites were more frequently identified as significant prognostic factors in univariate analyses. But their statistical significance was less frequently achieved in multivariate analyses.
Topics: Budd-Chiari Syndrome; Humans; Multivariate Analysis; Predictive Value of Tests; Risk Factors; Survival Analysis; Survival Rate; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25754880
DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2015.1024224 -
Thoracic Cancer Jan 2024Using the published survival statistics from cancer registration or population-based studies, we aimed to describe the global pattern and trend of lung cancer survival.
BACKGROUND
Using the published survival statistics from cancer registration or population-based studies, we aimed to describe the global pattern and trend of lung cancer survival.
METHODS
By searching SinoMed, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and SEER, all survival analyses from cancer registration or population-based studies of lung cancer were collected by the end of November 2022. The survival rates were extracted by sex, period, and country. The observed, relative, and net survival rates of lung cancer were applied to describe the pattern and time changes from the late 1990s to the early 21st century.
RESULTS
Age-standardized 5-year relative/net survival rate of lung cancer was typically low, with 10%-20% for most regions. The highest age-standardized relative/net survival rate was observed in Japan (32.9%, 2010-2014), and the lowest was in India (3.7%, 2010-2014). In most countries, the five-year age-standardized relative/net survival rates of lung cancer were higher in females and younger people. The patients with adenocarcinoma had a better prognosis than other groups. In China, the highest 5-year overall relative/net survival rates were 27.90% and 31.62% in men and women in Jiangyin (2012-2013).
CONCLUSION
Over the past decades, the prognosis of lung cancer has gradually improved, but significant variations were also observed globally. Worldwide, a better prognosis of lung cancer can be observed in females and younger patients. It is essential to compare and evaluate the histological or stage-specific survival rates of lung cancer between different regions in the future.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Lung Neoplasms; Survival Rate; Adenocarcinoma; Prognosis; Survival Analysis; Incidence
PubMed: 37986711
DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.15170