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Health Equity 2021Previous research has documented that Latinos report higher levels of stress than other ethnicities and are an increasing portion of the demographics of the United... (Review)
Review
Previous research has documented that Latinos report higher levels of stress than other ethnicities and are an increasing portion of the demographics of the United States. While there are many measures to assess stress and other stress-related conditions, there are no systematic reviews to date to assess whether the current measures of generalized stress are valid or reliable in Latinos in the United States. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the current state of the literature assessing the psychometric properties in stress measures in this population. We used Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to review the literature from January 1990 to May 2020 for studies, which measured the psychometric properties of scales measuring generalized stress in Latinos in the United States. Twelve studies measured the psychometric properties of eight scales of generalized stress. The 10-item Perceived Stress Scale, the Hispanic Stress Inventory, the Hispanic Women's Social Stressor Scale, and the Family Obligation Stress Scale show the strongest reliability and validity for measuring stress in Latinos in the United States. Most studies were done in traditional immigration destinations in the United States. While four scales which show acceptable reliability and validity for measuring stress in Latinos in the United States, continuing to develop and further validate these scales within Latino communities will be critical to understand and address Latino stress more comprehensively. Our findings can inform health research and clinical interventions for this at-risk community.
PubMed: 34036218
DOI: 10.1089/heq.2020.0112 -
Emergency Medicine Journal : EMJ Nov 2017Triage systems are scales developed to rate the degree of urgency among patients who arrive at EDs. A number of different scales are in use; however, the way in which... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Triage systems are scales developed to rate the degree of urgency among patients who arrive at EDs. A number of different scales are in use; however, the way in which they have been validated is inconsistent. Also, it is difficult to define a surrogate that accurately predicts urgency. This systematic review described reference standards and measures used in previous validation studies of five-level triage systems.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, EMBASE and CINAHL to identify studies that had assessed the validity of five-level triage systems and described the reference standards and measures applied in these studies. Studies were divided into those using criterion validity (reference standards developed by expert panels or triage systems already in use) and those using construct validity (prognosis, costs and resource use).
RESULTS
A total of 57 studies examined criterion and construct validity of 14 five-level triage systems. Criterion validity was examined by evaluating (1) agreement between the assigned degree of urgency with objective standard criteria (12 studies), (2) overtriage and undertriage (9 studies) and (3) sensitivity and specificity of triage systems (7 studies). Construct validity was examined by looking at (4) the associations between the assigned degree of urgency and measures gauged in EDs (48 studies) and (5) the associations between the assigned degree of urgency and measures gauged after hospitalisation (13 studies). Particularly, among 46 validation studies of the most commonly used triages (Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale, Emergency Severity Index and Manchester Triage System), 13 and 39 studies examined criterion and construct validity, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Previous studies applied various reference standards and measures to validate five-level triage systems. They either created their own reference standard or used a combination of severity/resource measures.
Topics: Emergency Medical Services; Humans; Prognosis; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index; Triage
PubMed: 28751363
DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2016-206295 -
Validation and use of the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool questionnaire: a scoping review.Public Health Oct 2023Patient safety incidents can impact not only patients and families but also healthcare providers, who may experience negative emotions and symptoms, such as anxiety,... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Patient safety incidents can impact not only patients and families but also healthcare providers, who may experience negative emotions and symptoms, such as anxiety, guilt, stress, and loss of confidence. To identify and support these "second victims," a screening tool called the Second Victim Experience and Support Tool (SVEST) has been developed. This scoping review aims to map our current knowledge of the SVEST in terms of its scope of use, validation and limitations.
STUDY DESIGN
Scoping review.
METHODS
In accordance with the framework outlined by Arksey and O'Malley and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews, we conducted a literature search in MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, Embase and PsycINFO databases from database inception up till 1 March 2023.
RESULTS
A total of 31 studies were reviewed. The SVEST has been cross-culturally adapted from English into other languages. The SVEST has been successfully used in different contexts and with various healthcare professionals, including doctors, nurses, allied health professionals, midwives and pharmacists. The tool has been used to assess the impact of second victim experiences and the effectiveness of support interventions in addressing the phenomenon. Validity assessment of translated versions of SVEST in the reviewed studies revealed good content validity in most cases, although some studies did not report clear values for scale-level Content Validity Index. On the whole, SVEST is generally a reliable and valid tool, although further refinements and modifications may improve its validity and reliability.
CONCLUSIONS
The review highlights the significance of SVEST as a crucial resource for healthcare providers and organisations that prioritise well-being and safety in health care. It also underscores the importance of recognising the needs of second victims and offering them appropriate interventions to manage the aftermath of adverse events.
Topics: Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Health Personnel; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 37672831
DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.08.003 -
Journal of Vascular Surgery. Venous and... Apr 2015We conducted a systematic review of the literature about quality-of-life (QOL) scales in chronic venous disorders (CVDs) comprising leg ulcers to identify the respective... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
We conducted a systematic review of the literature about quality-of-life (QOL) scales in chronic venous disorders (CVDs) comprising leg ulcers to identify the respective advantages and deficits of existing tools.
METHODS
A research protocol was built following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and the PICO (population, intervention, comparator, and outcome) criteria. The following databases were screened: MEDLINE, SCOPUS, EMBASE, CINHAL, and Cochrane. Psychometric and linguistic validation studies in English were included, as were clinical trials that have used QOL scales in CVDs. The data search was up to date as of October 31, 2013.
RESULTS
Inclusion criteria were met in 103 of the 511 recorded references, in which 10 scales were identified: two for the full spectrum of CVDs, three for patients with CVDs without leg ulceration, four for leg ulcers, and one exclusively for patients with varicose veins. Among them, the ChronIc Venous Insufficiency Questionnaire (CIVIQ), Aberdeen Varicose Vein Questionnaire (AVVQ), and VEnous INsufficiency Epidemiological and Economic Study on Quality of Life (VEINES-QOL) scales were the most highly used according to the literature, and CIVIQ and VEINES-QOL were the most extensively validated scales and had the longest iterative validation process. A total of 31 psychometric and linguistic validations of the 10 QOL scales and 66 clinical trials that have used these scales were identified. The validation studies were based on acceptability, content validity, construct validity, reliability, and responsiveness. The clinical trials were composed of 25 randomized controlled trials and 41 observational studies. Only the randomized controlled trials are considered in the present article.
CONCLUSIONS
This systematic review confirmed that CVDs have an important effect on QOL. The majority of the studies addressed the application rather than the validation of the 10 identified scales. Two scales, CIVIQ and VEINES-QOL, emerged as being thoroughly validated instruments, although factorial stability was not demonstrated for the VEINES-QOL. Our findings confirm a paucity of validation studies.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Humans; Leg; Psychometrics; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires; Varicose Ulcer; Varicose Veins; Venous Insufficiency
PubMed: 26993844
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2014.08.005 -
Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County,... Jun 2023Assessing food intake of pregnant women is extremely important, because maternal dietary patterns can influence fetal development as well as have either positive or... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Assessing food intake of pregnant women is extremely important, because maternal dietary patterns can influence fetal development as well as have either positive or negative effects on both the mother and fetus. Thus, the aim of the present study was to carry out a systematic review of the literature on food frequency questionnaires developed and validated for pregnant women, in order to assess their methodological quality and validation process.
METHODS
A systematic review of studies focused on validating food frequency questionnaires for pregnant women was carried out in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, LILACS, and OpenGrey databases. The selected studies were assessed based on their correlation coefficient in validation and reproducibility analyses, whereas their methodological quality was assessed based on the scoring system proposed by the EURopean micronutrient RECommendations Aligned Network of Excellence.
RESULTS
In total, 10 965 articles were identified in these databases; among them, 14 studies, with sample sizes ranging from 46 to 221 participants, and with participants (pregnant women) at a mean age of 28.68 ± 4.34 y, were selected. Most of the included studies used the 24-h food recall as the method for developing the food list (n = 6), with composition ranging from 46 to 255 items. With respect to the methodological assessment of the selected articles, half of the assessed tools were classified as having excellent methodological quality; their validation and reproducibility correlation coefficients were classified as moderate and high (r ≥ 0.40).
CONCLUSIONS
Food frequency questionnaires developed for pregnant women appear to be reliable tools to assess food intake by this group. Overall, they had good methodological quality and adequate correlation coefficients compared with reference methods.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Young Adult; Adult; Pregnant Women; Diet; Reproducibility of Results; Nutrition Assessment; Diet Records; Micronutrients; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36965239
DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.111979 -
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes May 2018Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic condition associated with high mortality and morbidity. It is characterized by acute clinical symptoms such as painful... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a chronic condition associated with high mortality and morbidity. It is characterized by acute clinical symptoms such as painful vaso-occlusive crises, which can impair health-related quality of life (HRQL). This study was conducted to identify validated patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments for use in future trials of potential treatments for SCD.
METHODS
A systematic literature review (SLR) was performed using MEDLINE and EMBASE to identify United States (US)-based studies published in English between 1997 and 2017 that reported on validated PRO instruments used in randomized controlled trials and real-world settings. The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist was used to assess the quality of PRO instruments.
RESULTS
The SLR included 21 studies assessing the psychometric properties of 24 PRO instruments. Fifteen of those instruments were developed and validated for adults and 10 for children (one instrument was used in both children and young adults aged up to 21 years). Only five of the 15 adult instruments and three of the 10 pediatric instruments were developed specifically for SCD. For most instruments, there were few or no data on validation conducted in SCD development cohorts. Of the 24 PRO instruments identified, 16 had strong internal reliability (Cronbach's α ≥0.80). There was often insufficient information to assess the content validity, construct validity, responsiveness, or test-retest reliability of the instruments identified for both child and adult populations. No validated PRO instruments measuring caregiver burden in SCD were identified.
CONCLUSIONS
The evidence on the psychometric properties of PRO instruments was limited. However, the results of this SLR provide key information on such tools to help inform the design of future clinical trials for patients with SCD in the US.
Topics: Adult; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Male; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Psychometrics; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Reproducibility of Results; Validation Studies as Topic; Young Adult
PubMed: 29784054
DOI: 10.1186/s12955-018-0930-y -
Global Mental Health (Cambridge,... 2019Mental health issues, often manifested as behavioural difficulties, in children are estimated to be high in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) settings. There is a... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Mental health issues, often manifested as behavioural difficulties, in children are estimated to be high in low and middle-income countries (LMIC) settings. There is a paucity of definitive data due to a lack of well-validated tools to use across settings. This review aims to provide evidence on what tools are used and which have been adapted and validated in LMIC settings.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review to identify tools used to assess or screen externalising behaviour problems in children and adolescents in LMIC and assess their cultural adaptations. We searched for studies measuring externalising behaviour in children from 0 to 19 years published up to September 2018. Articles were assessed to identify tools used and analysed using the Ecological Validity Framework.
RESULTS
We identified 82 articles from over 50 LMICs who had studied externalising behaviour in children. Twenty-seven tools were identified, with a predominance of studies using tools from the USA and Europe. Most studies did not describe an adaptation and evaluation process, with only one study following recommended criteria. New tools were identified which both screen and assess externalising behaviour which have not yet been utilised across settings.
CONCLUSIONS
Although tools from the USA and Europe are often utilised to screen and assess for externalising behaviour problems in children in LMICs, the conceptual frameworks behind the use of these tools in other cultural contexts are not always carefully examined. In order to have valid data across cultures, we should aim to adapt and validate tools before use. Provision of processes to validate tools across LMIC settings would be beneficial.
PubMed: 31391945
DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2019.11 -
Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy Nov 2022Secure attachment in adulthood is associated with many markers of adaptive functioning. Valid and reliable self-report measures of attachment security could provide a... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Secure attachment in adulthood is associated with many markers of adaptive functioning. Valid and reliable self-report measures of attachment security could provide a practical tool to help advance strengths-based research and clinical work. Previous reviews have not specifically examined the psychometric properties of self-report instruments with respect to secure attachment or systematically appraised the methodological quality of relevant validation studies.
METHOD
A systematic review was completed in accordance with the COSMIN guidelines for reviews of patient-reported outcome measures. The methodological quality of individual studies was evaluated, and results were rated against criteria for good measurement properties.
RESULTS
A total of 40 studies were included in the review, which collectively reported on 24 self-report instruments. The methodological quality of individual studies was variable, and no single instrument was identified as having sufficient evidence of a range of psychometric properties. However, the Attachment Style Questionnaire-Short Form (ASQ-SF), the Cartes-Modèles Individuels de Relations (CAMIR), Cartes-Modèles Individuels de Relations-Reduced (CAMIR-R), and the Psychological Treatment Inventory-Attachment Style Scales (PTI-ASS) had the most robust evidence for the properties assessed.
CONCLUSION
Existing self-report measures assessing adult secure attachment have limited psychometric support. More methodologically robust studies of content validity, reliability, measurement invariance, and construct validity in particular are needed.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Self Report; Reproducibility of Results; Psychometrics; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35623630
DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2756 -
Implementation Science : IS Aug 2021The important role of leaders in the translation of health research is acknowledged in the implementation science literature. However, the accurate measurement of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The important role of leaders in the translation of health research is acknowledged in the implementation science literature. However, the accurate measurement of leadership traits and behaviours in health professionals has not been directly addressed. This review aimed to identify whether scales which measure leadership traits and behaviours have been found to be reliable and valid for use with health professionals.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Cochrane, CINAHL, Scopus, ABI/INFORMIT and Business Source Ultimate were searched to identify publications which reported original research testing the reliability, validity or acceptability of a leadership-related scale with health professionals.
RESULTS
Of 2814 records, a total of 39 studies met the inclusion criteria, from which 33 scales were identified as having undergone some form of psychometric testing with health professionals. The most commonly used was the Implementation Leadership Scale (n = 5) and the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (n = 3). Of the 33 scales, the majority of scales were validated in English speaking countries including the USA (n = 15) and Canada (n = 4), but also with some translations and use in Europe and Asia, predominantly with samples of nurses (n = 27) or allied health professionals (n = 10). Only two validation studies included physicians. Content validity and internal consistency were evident for most scales (n = 30 and 29, respectively). Only 20 of the 33 scales were found to satisfy the acceptable thresholds for good construct validity. Very limited testing occurred in relation to test-re-test reliability, responsiveness, acceptability, cross-cultural revalidation, convergent validity, discriminant validity and criterion validity.
CONCLUSIONS
Seven scales may be sufficiently sound to be used with professionals, primarily with nurses. There is an absence of validation of leadership scales with regard to physicians. Given that physicians, along with nurses and allied health professionals have a leadership role in driving the implementation of evidence-based healthcare, this constitutes a clear gap in the psychometric testing of leadership scales for use in healthcare implementation research and practice.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) (see Additional File 1) (PLoS Medicine. 6:e1000097, 2009) and the associated protocol has been registered with the PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (Registration Number CRD42019121544 ).
Topics: Health Personnel; Humans; Leadership; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34454567
DOI: 10.1186/s13012-021-01141-z -
A systematic review of the measurement properties of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ).Hand Surgery & Rehabilitation Oct 2022This systematic review of the literature aimed to identify studies examining the measurement properties of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) in various... (Review)
Review
This systematic review of the literature aimed to identify studies examining the measurement properties of the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire (MHQ) in various international populations and investigate its use in various diagnoses and health conditions. The search was conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed), SCOPUS, CINAHL and Web of Science, with no restrictions on publication date, country or patient age. Study quality and risk of bias were assessed using the COnsensus-based Standards to select the health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) checklist. 312 publications were identified and screened; 55 studies met the inclusion criteria and were critically reviewed. These publications comprised 16 languages and 11 pathologies and mainly investigated the internal consistency, construct validity and reliability of the MHQ. In general, all the measurement properties of the instrument showed good scores. The present review shows that the MHQ is a valid patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) and can be properly used in different clinical and rehabilitative contexts. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2A.
Topics: Consensus; Humans; Michigan; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35995419
DOI: 10.1016/j.hansur.2022.08.005