-
BMC Cancer May 2022Extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarkers have promising diagnosis and screening capacity for several cancers, but the diagnostic value for pancreatic cancer (PC) is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Extracellular vesicle (EV) biomarkers have promising diagnosis and screening capacity for several cancers, but the diagnostic value for pancreatic cancer (PC) is controversial. The aim of our study was to review the diagnostic performance of EV biomarkers for PC.
METHODS
We performed a systematic review of PubMed, Medline, and Web Of Science databases from inception to 18 Feb 2022. We identified studies reporting the diagnostic performance of EV biomarkers for PC and summarized the information of sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), or receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve) in according to a pre-designed data collection form. Pooled sensitivity and specificity was calculated using a random-effect model.
RESULTS
We identified 39 studies, including 2037 PC patients and 1632 noncancerous, seven of which were conducted independent validation tests. Seventeen studies emphasized on EV RNAs, sixteen on EV proteins, and sixteen on biomarker panels. MiR-10b, miR-21, and GPC1 were the most frequently reported RNA and protein for PC diagnosis. For individual RNAs and proteins, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 79% (95% CI: 77-81%) and 87% (95% CI: 85-89%), 72% (95% CI: 69-74%) and 77% (95% CI: 74-80%), respectively. the pooled sensitivity and specificity of EV RNA combined with protein panels were 84% (95% CI: 81-86%) and 89% (95% CI: 86-91%), respectively. Surprisingly, for early stage (stage I and II) PC EV biomarkers showed excellent diagnostic performance with the sensitivity of 90% (95% CI: 87-93%) and the specificity of 94% (95% CI: 92-95%). Both in sensitivity and subgroup analyses, we did not observe notable difference in pooled sensitivity and specificity. Studies might be limited by the isolation and detection techniques of EVs to a certain extent.
CONCLUSIONS
EV biomarkers showed appealing diagnostic preference for PC, especially for early stage PC. Solving the deficiency of technologies of isolation and detection EVs has important implications for application these novel noninvasive biomarkers in clinical practice.
Topics: Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Extracellular Vesicles; Humans; MicroRNAs; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 35606727
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09463-x -
Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics 2023Early and non-invasive detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is usually asymptomatic, can improve overall survival outcomes. The objective of this... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
Early and non-invasive detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which is usually asymptomatic, can improve overall survival outcomes. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of serum-derived exosomes for diagnosing HCC.
METHODS
PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases were searched for relevant studies up to April 2023. The quality of included studies was assessed using the QUADAS-2 checklist, and data were extracted. Statistical analysis was performed on 18 studies from 3,993 records, and a diagnostic meta-analysis was conducted. Biomarkers were categorized into four groups based on their type (exosomal miRNAs, exosomal RNAs, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), and exosomal RNAs+AFP panel), and a meta-analysis was conducted for each category separately.
RESULTS
The highest pooled sensitivity was 0.86 for exosomal miRNAs, and exosomal RNAs+AFP had the highest pooled specificity; (0.89). Furthermore, exosomal RNAs+AFP had the highest pooled positive likelihood ratio; (7.55), the highest pooled diagnostic odds ratio (35.96) and the highest pooled area under the curve (0.93). Exosomal miRNAs had the lowest pooled negative likelihood ratio; (0.17).
CONCLUSIONS
The diagnostic accuracy of exosomal biomarkers is superior to that of AFP, and combining the two in a panel yields the better results.
Topics: Humans; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; alpha-Fetoproteins; Liver Neoplasms; Exosomes; Biomarkers; MicroRNAs; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 37715364
DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2023.2260306 -
The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Mar 2022This is an updated version of the Cochrane Review previously published in 2019. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. It is estimated that up to 30%... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
This is an updated version of the Cochrane Review previously published in 2019. Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders. It is estimated that up to 30% of individuals with epilepsy continue to have epileptic seizures despite treatment with an antiepileptic drug. These patients are classified as drug-resistant and require treatment with a combination of multiple antiepileptic drugs. Brivaracetam is a third-generation antiepileptic drug that is a high-affinity ligand for synaptic vesicle protein 2A. In this review we investigated the use of brivaracetam as add-on therapy for epilepsy.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of brivaracetam when used as add-on treatment for people with drug-resistant epilepsy.
SEARCH METHODS
For the latest update we searched the following databases on 7 September 2021: the Cochrane Register of Studies (CRS Web); MEDLINE (Ovid) 1946 to 3 September 2021. CRS Web includes randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs from PubMed, Embase, ClinicalTrials.gov, the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and the specialised registers of Cochrane Review Groups including Cochrane Epilepsy.
SELECTION CRITERIA
We searched for parallel-group RCTs that recruited people of any age with drug-resistant epilepsy. We accepted studies with any level of blinding (double-blind, single-blind, or unblinded).
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
In accordance with standard Cochrane methodological procedures, two review authors independently assessed trials for inclusion before evaluating trial quality and extracting relevant data. The primary outcome to be assessed was 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency. Secondary outcomes were: seizure freedom, treatment withdrawal for any reason, treatment withdrawal due to adverse events, the proportion of participants who experienced any adverse events, and drug interactions. We used an intention-to-treat population for all primary analyses, and presented results as risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
MAIN RESULTS
We did not identify any new studies for this update, therefore the results and conclusions of the review are unchanged. The previous review included six studies involving a total of 2411 participants. Only one study included participants with both focal and generalised onset seizures; the other five trials included participants with focal onset seizures only. Study participants were aged 16 to 80 years. Treatment periods ranged from 7 to 16 weeks. We judged two studies to have low risk of bias and four to have unclear risk of bias. Details on the method used for allocation concealment and how blinding was maintained were insufficient in one study each. One study did not report all outcomes prespecified in the trial protocol, and there were discrepancies in reporting in a further study. Participants receiving brivaracetam add-on were more likely to experience a 50% or greater reduction in seizure frequency than those receiving placebo (RR 1.81, 95% CI 1.53 to 2.14; 6 studies; moderate-certainty evidence). Participants receiving brivaracetam were more likely to attain seizure freedom; however, the evidence is of low certainty (RR 5.89, 95% CI 2.30 to 15.13; 6 studies). The incidence of treatment withdrawal for any reason was slightly greater for participants receiving brivaracetam compared to those receiving placebo (RR 1.27, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.74; 6 studies; low-certainty evidence). The risk of participants experiencing one or more adverse events did not differ significantly following treatment with brivaracetam compared to placebo (RR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.17; 5 studies; moderate-certainty evidence). However, participants receiving brivaracetam did appear to be more likely to withdraw from treatment due to adverse events compared with those receiving placebo (RR 1.54, 95% CI 1.02 to 2.33; 6 studies; low-certainty evidence).
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
When used as add-on therapy for individuals with drug-resistant epilepsy, brivaracetam may be effective in reducing seizure frequency and may aid patients in achieving seizure freedom. However, add-on brivaracetam is probably associated with a greater proportion of treatment withdrawals due to adverse events compared with placebo. It is important to note that only one of the eligible studies included participants with generalised epilepsy. None of the included studies involved participants under the age of 16, and all studies were of short duration. Consequently, the findings of this review are mainly applicable to adult patients with drug-resistant focal epilepsy. Future research should focus on investigating the tolerability and efficacy of brivaracetam during longer-term follow-up, as well as assess the efficacy and tolerability of add-on brivaracetam in managing other types of seizures and in other age groups.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Drug Resistant Epilepsy; Drug Therapy, Combination; Epilepsy, Generalized; Humans; Pyrrolidinones; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Seizures
PubMed: 35285519
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011501.pub3 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2022Stroke accounts for the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability, with limited therapeutic strategy in both the acute and chronic phases.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Stroke accounts for the second leading cause of death and a major cause of disability, with limited therapeutic strategy in both the acute and chronic phases. Blood-based biomarkers are intensively researched and widely recognized as useful tools to predict the prognoses of patients confronted with therapeutically limited diseases. We performed a systematic review of the circulating biomarkers in IS patients with prognostic value, with a focus on microRNAs and exosomes as predictive biomarkers of motor and cognitive recovery. We identified 63 studies, totalizing 72 circulating biomarkers with prognostic value in stroke recovery, as follows: 68 miRNAs and exosomal-miRNAs being identified as predictive for motor recovery after stroke, and seven biomarkers being predictive for cognitive recovery. Twelve meta-analyses were performed using effect sizes (random-effects and fixed-effects model). The most significant correlation findings obtained after pooling were with miR-21, miR-29b, miR-125b-5p, miR-126, and miR-335. We identified several miRNAs that were correlated with clinical outcomes of stroke severity and recovery after ischemic stroke, providing predictive information on motor and cognitive recovery. Based on the current state of research, we identified serum miR-9 and neutrophil miR-29b as the most promising biomarkers for in-depth follow-up studies, followed by serum miR-124 and plasma miR-125b.
Topics: Humans; Circulating MicroRNA; Ischemic Stroke; MicroRNAs; Stroke; Biomarkers; Exosomes
PubMed: 36613694
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010251 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2022Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important for intercellular signalling in multi-cellular organisms. However, the role of mature transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and tRNA fragments... (Review)
Review
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are important for intercellular signalling in multi-cellular organisms. However, the role of mature transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and tRNA fragments in EVs has yet to be characterised. This systematic review aimed to identify up-to-date literature on tRNAs present within human EVs and explores their potential clinical significance in health and disease. A comprehensive and systematic literature search was performed, and the study was conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Electronic databases MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched up until 1 January 2022. From 685 papers, 60 studies were identified for analysis. The majority of papers reviewed focussed on the role of EV tRNAs in cancers (31.7%), with numerous other conditions represented. Blood and cell lines were the most common EV sources, representing 85.9% of protocols used. EV isolation methods included most known methods, precipitation being the most common (49.3%). The proportion of EV tRNAs was highly variable, ranging between 0.04% to >95% depending on tissue source. EV tRNAs are present in a multitude of sources and show promise as disease markers in breast cancer, gastrointestinal cancers, and other diseases. EV tRNA research is an emerging field, with increasing numbers of papers highlighting novel methodologies for tRNA and tRNA fragment discovery.
Topics: Extracellular Vesicles; Humans; RNA, Transfer
PubMed: 35409051
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073692 -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy Apr 2023The increasing incidence of osteoporosis in recent years has aroused widespread public concern; however, existing effective treatments are limited. Therefore, new... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The increasing incidence of osteoporosis in recent years has aroused widespread public concern; however, existing effective treatments are limited. Therefore, new osteoporosis treatment methods, including stem cell transplantation and exosome therapy, have been proposed and are gaining momentum. Exosomes are considered to have greater potential for clinical application owing to their immunocompatibility. This study summarises the latest evidence demonstrating the efficacy of exosomes in improving bone loss in the treatment of osteoporosis.
MAIN TEXT
This systematic review and meta-analyses searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to 26 March 2022 for osteoporosis treatment studies using stem cell-derived exosomes. Six endpoints were selected to determine efficacy: bone mineral density, trabecular bone volume/tissue volume fraction, trabecular number, trabecular separation, trabecular thickness, and cortical thickness. The search generated 366 citations. Eventually, 11 articles that included 15 controlled preclinical trials and 242 experimental animals (rats and mice) were included in the meta-analysis.
CONCLUSION
The results were relatively robust and reliable despite some publication biases, suggesting that exosome treatment increased bone mass, improved bone microarchitecture, and enhanced bone strength compared with placebo treatments. Moreover, stem cell-derived exosomes may favour anabolism over catabolism, shifting the dynamic balance towards bone regeneration.
Topics: Rats; Mice; Animals; Exosomes; Osteoporosis; Bone Density; Bone and Bones; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37038180
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03317-4 -
Journal of Nanobiotechnology Jan 2024Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by cells and enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane containing various biologically active cargoes such as proteins,... (Review)
Review
Exosomes are nanoscale extracellular vesicles secreted by cells and enclosed by a lipid bilayer membrane containing various biologically active cargoes such as proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Engineered exosomes generated through genetic modification of parent cells show promise as drug delivery vehicles, and they have been demonstrated to have great therapeutic potential for treating cancer, cardiovascular, neurological, and immune diseases, but systematic knowledge is lacking regarding optimization of drug loading and assessment of delivery efficacy. This review summarizes current approaches for engineering exosomes and evaluating their drug delivery effects, and current techniques for assessing exosome drug loading and release kinetics, cell targeting, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and therapeutic outcomes are critically examined. Additionally, this review synthesizes the latest applications of exosome engineering and drug delivery in clinical translation. The knowledge compiled in this review provides a framework for the rational design and rigorous assessment of exosomes as therapeutics. Continued advancement of robust characterization methods and reporting standards will accelerate the development of exosome engineering technologies and pave the way for clinical studies.
Topics: Humans; Exosomes; Tissue Distribution; Drug Delivery Systems; Extracellular Vesicles; Neoplasms; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 38172932
DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02259-6 -
Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Seminal Vesicle: A Systematic Literature Review and Case Presentation.In Vivo (Athens, Greece) 2021Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are ubiquitous mesenchymal neoplasms that have an unpredictable biological behavior. Histological criteria for this type of malignancy are... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND/AIM
Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are ubiquitous mesenchymal neoplasms that have an unpredictable biological behavior. Histological criteria for this type of malignancy are uncertain. Clinical characteristics, diagnostic and treatment options of SFTs originating in the seminal vesicle are presented in this review article.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic review including the following databases: Scopus, Embase and Medline from 1960 until the end of March 2021 was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA) guidelines.
RESULTS
We found seven patients affected with SFTs of seminal vesicle, in which we added our own case, making a total of 8 patients. Mean age at presentation was 55±7 years. Mean size of the SFTs was 9±2 cm and the right seminal vesicle was preferentially involved. The majority of patients were symptomatic and presenting symptoms were hematuria, dysuria, hematospermia, urinary increased frequency and urgency. Abdominal ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance (MRI) were the diagnostic tools. Trans-rectal ultrasound-guided core biopsy was also used. Seven (87%) patients had open surgery. Adjuvant radiotherapy after R0 resection was used in 1 patient.
CONCLUSION
The treatment of SFTs located in the seminal vesicle necessitates a radical surgical resection to obtain acceptable results in terms of local recurrence and distant metastases.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Seminal Vesicles; Solitary Fibrous Tumors; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 34182467
DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12461 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022A close association between psoriasis and anti-p200 pemphigoid has been demonstrated by numerous studies. However, the clinical characteristics of patients suffering...
BACKGROUND
A close association between psoriasis and anti-p200 pemphigoid has been demonstrated by numerous studies. However, the clinical characteristics of patients suffering from these two entities have not yet been well-elucidated.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to review the case reports and case series, summarizing clinical features and therapeutic strategies in patients suffering from anti-p200 pemphigoid and psoriasis.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for studies published in English involving patients with psoriasis and anti-p200 pemphigoid on 6 September 2021. All case reports and case series reporting patients diagnosed with anti-p200 pemphigoid and psoriasis were included in this systematic review.
RESULTS
A total of 21 eligible studies comprising 26 anti-p200 pemphigoid patients with preceding psoriasis were included in the qualitative synthesis. The average age at blisters eruption was 62.5 years, and the mean duration between the two entities was 15.6 years. Twenty-four percent of patients developed bullous lesions during UV therapy. Clinical manifestation of bullae and/or vesicles was recorded in all patients, and the trunk (94.7%) was most frequently involved, with only 15.8% reporting mucosal involvement. Epitope spreading was detected by immunoblotting in 33.3% of patients. All the patients reached completed remission during the course of disease, with 36.8% experiencing at least one relapse. Monotherapy of prednisolone was the leading therapeutic approach (n=6, 31.6%) required for disease control, but 5 (83.3%) of them suffered from blister recurrence after tapering or ceasing corticosteroid.
CONCLUSION
Most of the clinical aspects of patients with anti-p200 pemphigoid and psoriasis were similar to what was demonstrated in previous articles on anti-p200 pemphigoid. Nevertheless, compared with other anti-p200 pemphigoid cases without psoriasis, a clinical manifestation pattern with more frequent involvement of the trunk and less mucosal involvement was illustrated in those with psoriasis. Generally, monotherapy is sufficient for a complete remission for such patients. However, one or more relapses have been recorded in a considerable portion of patients, especially those prescribed with prednisolone. It reminded us to be more cautious during a tapering of medication.
Topics: Autoantibodies; Blister; Humans; Laminin; Middle Aged; Pemphigoid, Bullous; Prednisolone; Psoriasis
PubMed: 35317170
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.839094 -
Journal of Functional Biomaterials May 2023Exosomes have been proven to play a positive role in tendon and tendon-bone healing. Here, we systematically review the literature to evaluate the efficacy of exosomes... (Review)
Review
Exosomes have been proven to play a positive role in tendon and tendon-bone healing. Here, we systematically review the literature to evaluate the efficacy of exosomes in tendon and tendon-bone healing. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic and comprehensive review of the literature was performed on 21 January 2023. The electronic databases searched included Medline (through PubMed), Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Ovid. In the end, a total of 1794 articles were systematically reviewed. Furthermore, a "snowball" search was also carried out. Finally, forty-six studies were included for analysis, with the total sample size being 1481 rats, 416 mice, 330 rabbits, 48 dogs, and 12 sheep. In these studies, exosomes promoted tendon and tendon-bone healing and displayed improved histological, biomechanical and morphological outcomes. Some studies also suggested the mechanism of exosomes in promoting tendon and tendon-bone healing, mainly through the following aspects: (1) suppressing inflammatory response and regulating macrophage polarization; (2) regulating gene expression, reshaping cell microenvironment and reconstructing extracellular matrix; (3) promoting angiogenesis. The risk of bias in the included studies was low on the whole. This systematic review provides evidence of the positive effect of exosomes on tendon and tendon-bone healing in preclinical studies. The unclear-to-low risk of bias highlights the significance of standardization of outcome reporting. It should be noted that the most suitable source, isolation methods, concentration and administration frequency of exosomes are still unknown. Additionally, few studies have used large animals as subjects. Further studies may be required on comparing the safety and efficacy of different treatment parameters in large animal models, which would be conducive to the design of clinical trials.
PubMed: 37367263
DOI: 10.3390/jfb14060299