-
International Journal of Cancer Jul 2015Numerous studies have found the presence of viral DNA in colorectal tumor tissues. However, whether viral infections contribute to the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is... (Review)
Review
Numerous studies have found the presence of viral DNA in colorectal tumor tissues. However, whether viral infections contribute to the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) is still under debate. We aimed to provide an overview of published epidemiological studies on the association between viral infections and CRC. A systematic literature search was performed in PubMed to find relevant studies published until 8 May 2014. Information collected included study population, sample type, laboratory method and prevalence of viral infection in cancer or precancer patients and controls. We found 41 studies that fulfilled the selection criteria, all of which had cross-sectional or case-control designs, and most of which were of small to moderate size. Viral infections included human papillomaviruses (HPV), human polyomaviruses, human herpesviruses, human bocavirus and Inoue-Melnick virus. Inconsistent results were observed across studies. Many studies reported higher viral DNA prevalence in tumor tissues than in normal noncancerous tissues either in the same patients or in CRC-free controls. However, potential contamination or temporal sequence of the infection and cancer development were often unclear. Seroprevalence studies assessing antibody titers indicative of viral infections did not find statistically significant differences between CRC cases and healthy controls. Overall published evidence on the role of viral infections in CRC etiology remains limited. Given the potential importance of viral infections and their implication for prevention, there is a strong need for large, methodologically rigorous epidemiological studies.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; DNA Virus Infections; DNA, Viral; Human bocavirus; Humans; Papillomaviridae; Polyomavirus; PubMed; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Simplexvirus
PubMed: 25186851
DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29180 -
Viruses Mar 2021Plant viral diseases are the foremost threat to sustainable agriculture, leading to several billion dollars in losses every year. Many viruses infecting several crops... (Review)
Review
Plant viral diseases are the foremost threat to sustainable agriculture, leading to several billion dollars in losses every year. Many viruses infecting several crops have been described in the literature; however, new infectious viruses are emerging frequently through outbreaks. For the effective treatment and prevention of viral diseases, there is great demand for new techniques that can provide accurate identification on the causative agents. With the advancements in biochemical and molecular biology techniques, several diagnostic methods with improved sensitivity and specificity for the detection of prevalent and/or unknown plant viruses are being continuously developed. Currently, serological and nucleic acid methods are the most widely used for plant viral diagnosis. Nucleic acid-based techniques that amplify target DNA/RNA have been evolved with many variants. However, there is growing interest in developing techniques that can be based in real-time and thus facilitate in-field diagnosis. Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based innovative methods have shown great potential to detect multiple viruses simultaneously; however, such techniques are in the preliminary stages in plant viral disease diagnostics. This review discusses the recent progress in the use of NGS-based techniques for the detection, diagnosis, and identification of plant viral diseases. New portable devices and technologies that could provide real-time analyses in a relatively short period of time are prime important for in-field diagnostics. Current development and application of such tools and techniques along with their potential limitations in plant virology are likewise discussed in detail.
Topics: Crops, Agricultural; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Plant Diseases; Plant Viruses; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 33807625
DOI: 10.3390/v13030412 -
Journal of Clinical Virology : the... Jul 2016With advent of molecular diagnostic technologies, studies have reported detection of two or more respiratory viruses in about 30% of children with respiratory... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
With advent of molecular diagnostic technologies, studies have reported detection of two or more respiratory viruses in about 30% of children with respiratory infections. However, prognostic role of coinfection remains unclear.
OBJECTIVE
Evaluate relation between respiratory viral confection and illness severity in children.
STUDY DESIGN
MEDLINE (through PUBMED), EMBASE, EBSCO, LILACS databases were searched up to March 2015 by two independent reviewers. Studies assessing severity of viral coinfection in patients aged less than 18 years were included. Standardized forms were used for data extraction of population, study design, clinical syndromes, virus combinations compared and severity outcomes. Risk of bias and quality of evidence were assessed through EPHPP and GRADE. Subgroup analysis was performed according to age and viral combinations.
RESULTS
Of 5218 records screened, 43 were included in analysis. Viral coinfection did not influence risks of all outcomes assessed: length of stay (mean difference in days in coinfection, -0.10 [95% confidence interval: -0.51 to 0.31]), length of supplemental oxygen (-0.42 [-1.05 to 0.20]), need of hospitalization (odds ratio of coinfection, 0.96 [95% confidence interval: 0.61-1.51]), supplemental oxygen (0.94 [0.66 to 1.34]), need of intensive care (0.99 [0.64 to 1.54]), mechanical ventilation (0.81 [0.33 to 2.01]) and death (2.22 [0.83 to 5.95]). Sub-analyses according to age and viral combinations have not shown influence of these factors in outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS
Respiratory viral coinfection did not increase severity in all outcomes assessed. Further studies are necessary to confirm this finding, especially regarding role of specific viral interactions.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Coinfection; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Infant; Length of Stay; Male; Odds Ratio; Prognosis; Respiration, Artificial; Respiratory Tract Infections; Severity of Illness Index; Survival Analysis; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 27155055
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.04.019 -
European Respiratory Review : An... Jun 2016The advent of PCR has improved the identification of viruses in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Several studies have used PCR to establish the... (Review)
Review
The advent of PCR has improved the identification of viruses in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). Several studies have used PCR to establish the importance of viruses in the aetiology of CAP.We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies that reported the proportion of viral infection detected via PCR in patients with CAP. We excluded studies with paediatric populations. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with viral infection. The secondary outcome was short-term mortality.Our review included 31 studies. Most obtained PCR via nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab. The pooled proportion of patients with viral infection was 24.5% (95% CI 21.5-27.5%). In studies that obtained lower respiratory samples in >50% of patients, the proportion was 44.2% (95% CI 35.1-53.3%). The odds of death were higher in patients with dual bacterial and viral infection (OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.32-3.31).Viral infection is present in a high proportion of patients with CAP. The true proportion of viral infection is probably underestimated because of negative test results from nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal swab PCR. There is increased mortality in patients with dual bacterial and viral infection.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Community-Acquired Infections; DNA, Viral; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nasopharynx; Odds Ratio; Oropharynx; Pneumonia, Viral; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Viruses
PubMed: 27246595
DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0076-2015 -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Jan 2020The liver has a critical role in the metabolism of glucose and lipids. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection leads to a spectrum of liver...
BACKGROUND
The liver has a critical role in the metabolism of glucose and lipids. Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection leads to a spectrum of liver disease including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has a rising incidence owing to an epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a liver manifestation of MetS and has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide.
AIM
To summarise the interplay among hepatitis viruses, MetS and its components.
METHODS
We searched the literature about HBV, HCV infection, MetS, fatty liver and its components from PubMed.
RESULTS
With respect to the viral replication cycle, lipids are important mediators between viral entry and hepatocyte in HCV infection, but not in HBV infection. Thus, HCV infection is inversely associated with hyperlipidaemia and lipid rebound occurs following sustained viral response induced by interferon-based therapy or direct antiviral agents. In addition, HCV infection is positively associated with insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, MetS and the risk of T2DM and atherosclerosis. In contrast, HBV infection may protect infected subjects from the development of MetS and hepatic steatosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that HBV infection is inversely associated with lipid metabolism, and exhibits no conclusive association with insulin resistance or the risk of T2DM and arteriosclerosis.
CONCLUSIONS
In patients with viral hepatitis and concurrent metabolic diseases, a multidisciplinary approach should be given rather than simply antiviral treatment.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis B, Chronic; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Humans; Incidence; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Metabolic Diseases; Metabolic Syndrome; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Obesity
PubMed: 31746482
DOI: 10.1111/apt.15575 -
Digestive Diseases and Sciences Jul 2021Infectious etiologies are rare cause of acute pancreatitis (AP). We sought to investigate the frequency of viral-attributed AP (VIAP) and describe its natural course and...
Infectious etiologies are rare cause of acute pancreatitis (AP). We sought to investigate the frequency of viral-attributed AP (VIAP) and describe its natural course and clinical features. Comprehensive review of PubMed and EMBASE in English until December 31, 2019, was performed. AP diagnosis and severity were defined per the Revised Atlanta Classification. Viral infections were diagnosed by serology and/or histology. A diagnosis of viral infection, with a concurrent AP diagnosis, a temporal resolution of both entities, and the attempt to exclude the most common etiologies of AP defined VIAP. Two independent reviewers reviewed eligible publications. Bias risk was assessed with the Murad tool. A total of 209 cases identified in 128 publications met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 38.9 ± 1.28 years. Male-to-female ratio was 2.2:1, and 28% of patients were immunocompromised. Viral hepatitis (A, B, C, D and E) was the most common virus and accounted for 34.4% of cases, followed by coxsackie and echoviruses (14.8%), hemorrhagic fever viruses (12.4%), CMV (12.0%), VZV (10.5%), mumps and measles (3.8%), primary HIV infection (3.8%), HSV (1.9%), EBV (1.9%), and the remainder of cases (2.9%) attributed to adenovirus, influenza H1N1, and multiple viruses. Severity of AP was: 43.1% mild, 11.7% moderately severe, 32.4% severe. Death occurred in 42 (20.1%) patients. A significant portion of VIAP patients were immunocompromised (28.0%) and accounted for 71.4% of mortality cases. Mortality was higher than that reported for AP from other etiologies in the literature.
Topics: Humans; Pancreatitis; Prognosis; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 32789532
DOI: 10.1007/s10620-020-06531-9 -
Journal of Clinical Anesthesia Dec 2016To review the clinical and basic science literature regarding Zika viral illness and highlight relevant findings for obstetric anesthesiologists. This review provides a... (Review)
Review
STUDY OBJECTIVES
To review the clinical and basic science literature regarding Zika viral illness and highlight relevant findings for obstetric anesthesiologists. This review provides a global review of Zika viral illness, transmission patterns, pathophysiology of disease, and anesthetic management of the parturient with Zika viral illness and associated comorbidities.
DESIGN
Systematic review.
SETTING
Large academic hospital.
SUBJECTS
None.
INTERVENTIONS
None.
MEASUREMENTS
None.
MAIN RESULTS
None.
CONCLUSION
With the rapid spread of Zika virus and expected increase of spread in the summer of 2016, this review provides anesthesiologists with current recommendations, physiologic alterations, and anesthetic considerations in regard to the parturient with Zika viral illness and associated diseases.
Topics: Aedes; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Animals; Blood-Borne Pathogens; Female; Guillain-Barre Syndrome; Humans; Incidence; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Pregnancy; United States; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection
PubMed: 27871511
DOI: 10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.07.034 -
Obesity Reviews : An Official Journal... Dec 2015There is evidence that certain infections may induce obesity. Obese persons may also have more severe infections and have compromised response to therapies. The... (Review)
Review
There is evidence that certain infections may induce obesity. Obese persons may also have more severe infections and have compromised response to therapies. The objective of this study is to review the available literature identifying infections that potentially contribute to greater body mass index (BMI) and differential responses of overweight and obese persons to infections. A systematic literature review of human studies examining associations between infections and weight gain, differential susceptibility, severity, and response to prevention and treatment of infection according to BMI status (January 1980-July 2014) was conducted. Three hundred and forty-three studies were eligible for inclusion. Evidence indicated that viral infection by human adenovirus Ad36 and antibiotic eradication of Helicobacter pylori were followed by weight gain. People who were overweight or obese had higher susceptibility to developing post-surgical infections, H1N1 influenza and periodontal disease. More severe infections tended to be present in people with a larger BMI. People with a higher BMI had a reduced response to vaccinations and antimicrobial drugs. Higher doses of antibiotics were more effective in obese patients. Infections may influence BMI, and BMI status may influence response to certain infections, as well as to preventive and treatment measures. These observations have potential clinical implications.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenovirus Infections, Human; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antibodies, Viral; Antiviral Agents; Body Mass Index; Disease Susceptibility; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Humans; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza, Human; Obesity; Severity of Illness Index; Surgical Wound Infection; Weight Gain
PubMed: 26354800
DOI: 10.1111/obr.12320 -
PloS One 2021Detecting viruses, which have significant impact on health and the economy, is essential for controlling and combating viral infections. In recent years there has been a...
Detecting viruses, which have significant impact on health and the economy, is essential for controlling and combating viral infections. In recent years there has been a focus towards simpler and faster detection methods, specifically through the use of electronic-based detection at the point-of-care. Point-of-care sensors play a particularly important role in the detection of viruses. Tests can be performed in the field or in resource limited regions in a simple manner and short time frame, allowing for rapid treatment. Electronic based detection allows for speed and quantitative detection not otherwise possible at the point-of-care. Such approaches are largely based upon voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, field effect transistors, and similar electrical techniques. Here, we systematically review electronic and electrochemical point-of-care sensors for the detection of human viral pathogens. Using the reported limits of detection and assay times we compare approaches both by detection method and by the target analyte of interest. Compared to recent scoping and narrative reviews, this systematic review which follows established best practice for evidence synthesis adds substantial new evidence on 1) performance and 2) limitations, needed for sensor uptake in the clinical arena. 104 relevant studies were identified by conducting a search of current literature using 7 databases, only including original research articles detecting human viruses and reporting a limit of detection. Detection units were converted to nanomolars where possible in order to compare performance across devices. This approach allows us to identify field effect transistors as having the fastest median response time, and as being the most sensitive, some achieving single-molecule detection. In general, we found that antigens are the quickest targets to detect. We also observe however, that reports are highly variable in their chosen metrics of interest. We suggest that this lack of systematisation across studies may be a major bottleneck in sensor development and translation. Where appropriate, we use the findings of the systematic review to give recommendations for best reporting practice.
Topics: Electronics; Humans; Point-of-Care Systems; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 34591907
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258002 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology Apr 2018Α systematic review to investigate fresh produce-borne viral outbreaks, to record the outbreak distribution worldwide and to analyse the implication of different types... (Review)
Review
AIMS
Α systematic review to investigate fresh produce-borne viral outbreaks, to record the outbreak distribution worldwide and to analyse the implication of different types of fresh produce and viral types as well.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Four databases (PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Eurosurveillance Journal and Spingerlink electronic journal) and a global electronic reporting system (ProMED-mail) were searched up to 2016. One hundred and fifty-two viral outbreaks linked to fresh produce consumption were identified. The majority of the reported outbreaks was reported in Europe, followed by North America, Asia, Australia, Africa and South America. A great number of the outbreaks was recorded in Denmark and Finland. The most common viral pathogens were norovirus (48·7%) and hepatitis A virus (46·1%). The most frequent type of fresh produce involved was frozen raspberries (23·7%). Differences in the reporting of outbreaks were recorded between the scientific literature and ProMED.
CONCLUSIONS
The number of reported illnesses linked to fresh produce has increased in several countries. Consumption of contaminated fresh produce represents a risk to public health in both developed and developing countries, but the impact will be disproportionate and likely to compound existing health disparities. For this reason, all countries should systematically collate and report such data through a disease surveillance system, in order to adopt risk management practices for reducing the likelihood of contamination.
Topics: Disease Outbreaks; Food Contamination; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; Public Health; Virus Diseases; Viruses
PubMed: 29485236
DOI: 10.1111/jam.13747