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Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Nov 2020A systematic review of published data was conducted with the aim of assessing effects of xylitol and erythritol consumption on levels of mutans streptococci (MS) and the...
OBJECTIVE
A systematic review of published data was conducted with the aim of assessing effects of xylitol and erythritol consumption on levels of mutans streptococci (MS) and the oral microbiota.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Electronic and hand searches were performed to find clinical microbiological studies concerning the consumption of xylitol and erythritol chewing gum or candies, and published between 2000 and 2019. Prospective randomized controlled clinical trials conducted in healthy subjects were included in the review.
RESULTS
The initial search identified 561 xylitol and 83 erythritol studies. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 xylitol studies and one erythritol study were reviewed. The review identified nine xylitol studies with a fair or high quality, four conducted in children and five in adults, all demonstrating a decrease in MS levels in association with habitual consumption of xylitol. The three microbiota studies employing multispecies probe approaches revealed no effects for xylitol on the microbiota. The only erythritol study fulfilling the inclusion criteria showed no consistent effects on MS levels.
CONCLUSIONS
Xylitol consumption is likely to decrease MS counts but it may not change the overall microbiota. Xylitol shows thus properties of an oral prebiotic. More studies are needed to demonstrate the effects of erythritol on MS.
Topics: Adult; Chewing Gum; Child; Dental Caries; Erythritol; Humans; Microbiota; Prospective Studies; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans; Xylitol
PubMed: 32633595
DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1788721 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023, a normal inhabitant of the oral cavity, is a member of Viridans Group Streptococci (VGS). Generally recognized as a causative agent of invasive diseases in... (Review)
Review
, a normal inhabitant of the oral cavity, is a member of Viridans Group Streptococci (VGS). Generally recognized as a causative agent of invasive diseases in immunocompromised patients, is considered to have low pathogenic potential in immunocompetent individuals. We present a rare case of sinusitis complicated by meningitis and cerebral sino-venous thrombosis (CSVT) caused by in a previously healthy 12-year-old boy with poor oral health status. With the aim of understanding the real pathogenic role of this microorganism, an extensive review of the literature about invasive diseases due to in pediatric patients was performed. Our data define the critical role of this microorganism in invasive infections, especially in immunocompetent children and in the presence of apparently harmful conditions such as sinusitis and caries. Attention should be paid to the choice of therapy because of VGS's emerging antimicrobial resistance patterns.
PubMed: 37508318
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071222 -
Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Nov 2021The effectiveness and safety of in dental caries prevention are controversial. Thus, we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the preventive... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVES
The effectiveness and safety of in dental caries prevention are controversial. Thus, we performed this systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the preventive value of .
METHODS
Eligible studies were identified from several databases, including PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus. Hand searches were also conducted in relevant bibliographies. We then extracted and pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and risk ratio (RR) to analyze the anti-caries effect of with Stata 16.0 software. If the data obtained was not suitable for meta-analysis, qualitative descriptions were performed.
RESULTS
Compared with the placebo control group, there was no statistically significant reduction in and counts in saliva in the test group. Also, there were no significant differences in and counts in dental plaque and no significant difference in caries incidence in deciduous teeth. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events between the and control groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Available evidence demonstrates that is neither effective in reducing and counts in the saliva or dental plaque nor in reducing the occurrence of caries in deciduous teeth. Evaluation of its safety requires further investigations. Therefore, is not a competent probiotic candidate to prevent dental caries.
Topics: Bifidobacterium; Cariostatic Agents; Dental Caries; Humans; Lactobacillus; Probiotics; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 33956564
DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.1921259 -
International Journal of Dental Hygiene Feb 2022To conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to assess if cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients undergoing orthodontic treatment have a higher colonization of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review with meta-analysis to assess if cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients undergoing orthodontic treatment have a higher colonization of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus than patients without this condition.
METHODS
Five electronic databases were searched systematically. The inclusion criteria were as follows: randomized clinical trials, non-randomized, or quasi-randomized controlled trials, prospective and retrospective studies published until March, 2021; articles that evaluated S. mutans and Lactobacillus profile in patients with and without cleft lip and palate undergoing orthodontic treatment. The random-effect model was used to perform the analysis of all the data collected. Statistic heterogeneity was evaluated with I test.
RESULTS
In this systematic review, 2 cohort studies were included. The data analysis from 160 patients revealed that patients without cleft lip and palate had 4.5 times more predisposition to oral colonization with S. mutans than CLP patients. No statistical significant difference was found between these patients for colonization with Lactobacillus.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the limitations in the included studies, this systematic review suggested that CLP patients have a lower predisposition to oral colonization with S. mutans when compared to healthy patients.
Topics: Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Humans; Lactobacillus; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 33818912
DOI: 10.1111/idh.12503 -
Archives of Oral Biology Sep 2021To review published oral microbiome studies and create a comprehensive list of bacterial species found in saliva and dental plaque among healthy children and adults... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review published oral microbiome studies and create a comprehensive list of bacterial species found in saliva and dental plaque among healthy children and adults associated with presence of carious lesions and caries-free state (oral health).
DESIGN
This review followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines. We searched published studies querying PUBMED and EMBASE using the following keywords: (plaque OR saliva) AND caries AND (next generation sequencing OR checkerboard OR 16s rRNA or qPCR). Studies were limited to human studies published in English between January 1, 2010 and June 24, 2020 that included > 10 caries-active and > 10 caries-free participants, and assessed the entire bacterial community.
RESULTS
Our search strategy identified 298 articles. After exclusion criteria, 22 articles remained; we considered 2 studies that examined saliva and plaque as separate studies, for a total of 24 studies. Species associated with caries or oral health varied widely among studies reviewed, with notable differences by age and biologic sample type. No bacterial species was associated with caries in all studies. Streptococcus mutans was found more frequently among those with caries (14/24 (58.3 %)) and Fusobacterium periodonticum was found more frequently among those that were caries-free (5/24 (20.8 %)).
CONCLUSION
No bacterial species was associated with caries or oral health across all studies supporting multiple pathways to cariogenesis. However, the variation may be due to sampling at different time points during caries development, varying methods of specimen sampling, storage, sequencing or analysis or differences in host factors such as age.
Topics: Adult; Child; Dental Caries; Fusobacterium; Humans; Mouth; Oral Health; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 34246103
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105204 -
Archives of Oral Biology May 2024This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge on the association between the oral microbiota and dental caries in adolescents. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge on the association between the oral microbiota and dental caries in adolescents.
DESIGN
An electronic search was carried out across five databases. Studies were included if they conducted research on generally healthy adolescents, applied molecular-based microbiological analyses and assessed caries status. Data extraction was performed by two reviewers and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was applied for quality assessment.
RESULTS
In total, 3935 records were reviewed which resulted in a selection of 20 cross-sectional studies (published 2005-2022) with a sample size ranging from 11 to 614 participants including adolescents between 11 and 19 years. The studies analyzed saliva, dental biofilm or tongue swabs with Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization, (q)PCR or Next-Generation Sequencing methods. Prevotella denticola, Scardoviae Wiggsiae, Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus mutans were the most frequently reported species presenting higher abundance in adolescents with caries. The majority of the studies reported that the microbial diversity was similar between participants with and without dental caries.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review is the first that shows how the oral microbiota composition in adolescents appears to differ between those with and without dental caries, suggesting certain taxa may be associated with increased caries risk. However, there is a need to replicate and expand these findings in larger, longitudinal studies that also focus on caries severity and take adolescent-specific factors into account.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Dental Caries; Cross-Sectional Studies; Streptococcus mutans; Saliva; Microbiota; DNA
PubMed: 38447351
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105933 -
Effect of Antimicrobial Interventions on the Oral Microbiota Associated with Early Childhood Caries.Pediatric Dentistry 2015The purposes of this systematic literature review were to identify research-based evidence for an effect of antimicrobial therapeutic approaches on the cariogenic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
The purposes of this systematic literature review were to identify research-based evidence for an effect of antimicrobial therapeutic approaches on the cariogenic microbiota and early childhood caries (ECC) outcomes; and to review methods used to perform microbial assessments in clinical studies of ECC.
METHODS
Multiple databases were searched; only clinical cohort studies and randomized controlled trials published from 1998 to 2014 were selected. A total of 471 titles and abstracts were identified; 114 studies met the inclusion criteria for a full review, from which 41 studies were included in the meta-analyses.
RESULTS
In most of the reviewed studies, moderate reductions in cariogenic bacterial levels, mainly in mutans streptococci (MS), were demonstrated following the use of antimicrobial agents, but bacterial regrowth occurred and new carious lesions developed once the treatment had ceased, particularly in high-risk children. Relatively consistent findings suggested that anti-cariogenic microbial interventions in mothers significantly reduced MS acquisition by children. However, studies of the long-term benefits of ECC prevention are lacking.
CONCLUSION
Based on the meta-analyses, antimicrobial interventions and treatments show temporary reductions in MS colonization levels. However, there is insufficient evidence to indicate that the approaches used produced sustainable effects on cariogenic microbial colonization or ECC reduction and prevention.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Bacterial Load; Cariostatic Agents; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Humans; Infant; Microbial Consortia; Mouth; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 26063552
DOI: No ID Found -
Archives of Oral Biology Oct 2020To evaluate the efficacy of natural antimicrobials derived from phenolic compounds (NAPs), compared to synthetic antimicrobials (SAs), in the biofilm control and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Efficacy of natural antimicrobials derived from phenolic compounds in the control of biofilm in children and adolescents compared to synthetic antimicrobials: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
AIM
To evaluate the efficacy of natural antimicrobials derived from phenolic compounds (NAPs), compared to synthetic antimicrobials (SAs), in the biofilm control and microorganisms (MOs) count among children and adolescents at different intervention times through a systematic review and meta-analysis.
METHODS
Electronic searches were carried out in PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, VHL, and Grey Literature. Randomized and non-randomized clinical trials were included. Methodological quality and risk of bias were assessed using the tools ROBINS-I and RoB 2.0. Meta-analyses (MAs) were performed according to three parameters: the influence of NAPs on the plaque index (PI) mean; the period of NAPs administration (≤15 days/>15 days) on the biofilm reduction; and the influence of NAPs on the MOs count subgrouping according to the type of MO (total MOs, S. mutans, and Streptococcus spp.). The standard mean differences were calculated (p ≤ 0.05) for all analyses, and the heterogeneity was tested through the I index. The evidence was certainty-tested using the GRADE approach.
RESULTS
Sixteen studies were selected for qualitative synthesis, and 12 studies were included in the MAs. NAPs were less efficacious in improving the PI (p < 0.0001, I>87 %) and reducing biofilm over time (p < 0.01, I>87 %) but presented a reduction in MOs count similar to that of SAs (p = 0.3, I = 0%). The quality of the evidence ranged from moderate to low.
CONCLUSION
Although the use of NAPs is similar to the use of SAs in reducing MOs count, it is less effective than SAs in improving PI mean and for biofilm reduction over time.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Infective Agents; Biofilms; Biological Products; Child; Humans; Mouth; Phenols; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 32736143
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104844 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2015Dental caries remains the most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease worldwide. Several methods have been employed to prevent this biofilm-dependent disease,... (Review)
Review
Dental caries remains the most prevalent and costly oral infectious disease worldwide. Several methods have been employed to prevent this biofilm-dependent disease, including the use of essential oils (EOs). In this systematic review, we discuss the antibacterial activity of EOs and their isolated constituents in view of a potential applicability in novel dental formulations. Seven databases were systematically searched for clinical trials, in situ, in vivo and in vitro studies addressing the topic published up to date. Most of the knowledge in the literature is based on in vitro studies assessing the effects of EOs on caries-related streptococci (mainly Streptococcus mutans) and lactobacilli, and on a limited number of clinical trials. The most promising species with antibacterial potential against cariogenic bacteria are: Achillea ligustica, Baccharis dracunculifolia, Croton cajucara, Cryptomeria japonica, Coriandrum sativum, Eugenia caryophyllata, Lippia sidoides, Ocimum americanum, and Rosmarinus officinalis. In some cases, the major phytochemical compounds determine the biological properties of EOs. Menthol and eugenol were considered outstanding compounds demonstrating an antibacterial potential. Only L. sidoides mouthwash (1%) has shown clinical antimicrobial effects against oral pathogens thus far. This review suggests avenues for further non-clinical and clinical studies with the most promising EOs and their isolated constituents bioprospected worldwide.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Clinical Trials as Topic; Dental Caries; Humans; Lactobacillus; Lippia; Mouthwashes; Oils, Volatile; Phytochemicals; Plant Oils; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 25911964
DOI: 10.3390/molecules20047329 -
International Journal of Dental Hygiene Feb 2016To conduct a systematic review aimed to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine varnishes (CHX-V) on mutans streptococci (MS) in patients during... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To conduct a systematic review aimed to determine the antimicrobial efficacy of chlorhexidine varnishes (CHX-V) on mutans streptococci (MS) in patients during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic computerized database search was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE, Scopus and EMBASE up to September 2014. A Google search was also conducted to further identify articles that met the eligibility criteria. Clinical trials which used CHX-V alone as the intervention to investigate the antimicrobial effect of the varnish in subjects undergoing orthodontic treatment were included. Outcome measures included MS level reduction and/or decreased caries incidence from baseline data.
RESULTS
Nineteen articles were identified for full-text reading; eleven articles met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Type and concentration of CHX-V, bacterial sampling method, application frequency, sampling schedule, risk of bias and study outcomes are presented.
CONCLUSION
A limited number of studies with low risk of bias were available to address the antimicrobial efficacy of CHX-V on MS in patients during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances. Therefore, while the majority of studies found CHX-V to be an effective antimicrobial against MS at an interval of 3-4 weeks, the strength of the recommendation is weak. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether this antimicrobial effect will contribute to clinically significant caries reduction in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chlorhexidine; Colony Count, Microbial; Dental Caries; Humans; Orthodontic Appliances; Streptococcus mutans; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26257398
DOI: 10.1111/idh.12163