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Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health... Jun 2020The pathogenicity of beta-hemolytic group C (GCS) in patients attending for an uncomplicated acute sore throat is unknown and it was the objective to clarify this.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The pathogenicity of beta-hemolytic group C (GCS) in patients attending for an uncomplicated acute sore throat is unknown and it was the objective to clarify this. Systematic literature review with meta-analysis. Medline and Scopus were searched from inception to February 2019, with searches of reference lists, case-control studies stating prevalence of GCS in patients as well as healthy controls presented for children and adults separately. Studies including patients already treated with antibiotics and studies focused on patients with HIV, malignancy or immunosuppression were not included. Pooled prevalence of GCS was compared between patients and controls using chi-square and was further explored by calculating the positive etiologic predictive value (P-EPV) showing the post-test probability of a link between a sore throat and the bacterial finding. P-EPV for GCS was compared with that for group A (GAS) using figures from the same publications and patients. Eleven studies were included. The prevalence of GCS among patients versus controls was similar in children (3.15 versus 2.87%, = .44) but for adults higher in patients (11%) than in controls (5.6%) ( < .0001). The P-EPV for finding GCS in children with a sore throat was 9.3% (0.0-41%). The corresponding P-EPV for GCS in adults with a sore throat was 53% (36-67%) while the corresponding P-EPV for GAS in adults was 94% (90-96%). GCS do not seem associated with the uncomplicated acute sore throat in children but there is support for an association in adults being weaker than for GAS. A possible consequence is to ignore GCS in otherwise healthy patients at their first visit for an uncomplicated sore throat. This would enable a stronger focus on the use of modern point of care tests (POCTs) to detect GAS.Key pointsThere is no current consensus on the pathogenicity of group C beta-hemolytic (GCS) in patients attending for an uncomplicated acute sore throat.This systematic literature review concludes it is unlikely that GCS is involved in the uncomplicated sore throat in otherwise healthy children.This meta-analysis found a moderate link between GCS and the uncomplicated sore throat in adults.The link in adults between GCS and the sore throat is much weaker than the corresponding link for group A beta-hemolytic
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Pharyngitis; Species Specificity; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus; Streptococcus anginosus
PubMed: 32362178
DOI: 10.1080/02813432.2020.1753374 -
Journal of the American Dental... Aug 2020The authors of this meta-analysis aimed to assess saliva-related caries risk factors, including calcium and phosphate, hydrogen ion concentration, buffer capacity,... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The authors of this meta-analysis aimed to assess saliva-related caries risk factors, including calcium and phosphate, hydrogen ion concentration, buffer capacity, Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus counts, flow rate, and decayed, missing and filled teeth index in each trimester during pregnancy.
TYPES OF STUDIES REVIEWED
The authors searched electronic databases up to July 1, 2019. Eligible observational studies were included. The authors assessed the quality of the included studies by using the Joanna Briggs Institute scale. To estimate the effects of pregnancy, standardized mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were pooled using the random-effects model. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were used to explore heterogeneity. Publication bias was assessed using Begg and Egger tests.
RESULTS
Twenty-nine studies were included in the meta-analysis, representing 1,230 pregnant women in the case groups and 715 in the control groups (nonpregnant women). The results showed that salivary calcium concentration decreased in the third trimester, salivary phosphate decreased in the second and third trimesters, saliva hydrogen ion concentration decreased in the first and third trimesters, stimulated saliva flow rate increased in the third trimester, and salivary S mutans count increased in the second and third trimesters. In addition, the results showed that saliva calcium, phosphate, S mutans, and buffer capacity amounts had changed from the first trimester to the third.
CONCLUSIONS AND PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
In the third trimester, most salivary factors related to caries change and can increase the risk of developing caries in the future. Interventions and screening for caries prevention in pregnancy should start in the first or second trimesters.
Topics: DMF Index; Dental Caries; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactobacillus; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 32718487
DOI: 10.1016/j.aime.2020.04.021 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2024To provide an overview of the available scientific evidence from in vitro studies regarding the effect induced by the flavonoids contained in grape seed extracts (GSE)... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To provide an overview of the available scientific evidence from in vitro studies regarding the effect induced by the flavonoids contained in grape seed extracts (GSE) and cranberry on the microbiological activity of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans).
METHODS
This systematic review was performed following the parameters of the PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis). Electronic and manual searches were conducted using PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane databases. Reference lists of selected articles were reviewed to identify relevant studies. The search was not limited by year and was conducted solely in English. Eligible studies comprised publications describing in vitro studies that evaluated the effect of flavonoids derived from GSE and cranberry extracts on the microbiological activity of S. mutans. Common variables were identified to consolidate the data. Authors of this review independently screened search results, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias.
RESULTS
Of the 420 studies identified from the different databases, 22 publications were finally selected for review. The risk of bias was low in 13 articles and moderate in 9. The studies analyzed in this review revealed that cranberry extract has an inhibitory effect on the bacterial growth of S. mutans in ranges from 0.5 mg/mL to 25 mg/mL, and GSE exerts a similar effect from 0.5 mg/mL to 250 mg/mL. Additionally, the extracts or their fractions showed reduced biofilm formation capacity, decreased polymicrobial biofilm biomass, deregulation of glycosyltransferases (Gtf) B and C expression, and buffering of pH drop. In addition to adequate antioxidant activity related to polyphenol content.
CONCLUSIONS
The overall results showed that the extracts of cranberry and grape seed were effective in reducing the virulence factors of the oral pathogen. According to the data, proanthocyanidins are the active components in cranberry and grape seed that effectively resist S. mutans. They can inhibit the formation of insoluble polysaccharides in the extracellular matrix and prevent glycan-mediated adhesion, cohesion, and aggregation of the proteins in S. mutans. This suggests that these natural extracts could play an important role in the prevention of cariogenic bacterial colonization, as well as induce a decrease in their microbiological activity.
Topics: Streptococcus mutans; Vaccinium macrocarpon; Plant Extracts; Flavonoids; Grape Seed Extract; Biofilms; Humans; Vitis; Proanthocyanidins
PubMed: 38840232
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04263-0 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2023Dental caries causes serious consequences and the financial burden of society especially in children with high morbidity rate. Here we carried out a meta-analysis to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Dental caries causes serious consequences and the financial burden of society especially in children with high morbidity rate. Here we carried out a meta-analysis to systematically evaluate the efficacy of probiotics against dental caries in children. Forty-three RCTs were eligible for this meta-analysis after searching the PubMed, Cochrane and Web of Science from the inception through October 2021. Pooled estimates demonstrated that treatment with probiotics significantly reduced noncavitated (dicdas2-6mft) (SMD = -0.18, 95% CI: -0.3 to -0.06, = 0.002) and cavitated (dicdas5-6mft) carious lesions in children (SMD = -0.32, 95% CI: -0.5 to 0.14, = 0.0004). Probiotics also reduced prevalence of noncavitated (dicdas2-6mft) carious lesions (RR = 0.8, 95% CI: 0.67 to-0.97, = 0.02). Salivary was declined after intervention (SMD = -1.17, 95% CI: -1.85 to -0.5, = 0.0007), while counts were upregulated (SMD = 1.19, 95% CI: 0.46-1.92, = 0.001). However, no significant effects in total bacteria counts and salivary pH were observed. Our findings suggest that probiotics especially could be a promising therapeutic strategy for clinical applications in children dental caries.
Topics: Humans; Child; Dental Caries; Probiotics; Bacterial Load; Streptococcus mutans; Lactobacillus; Saliva
PubMed: 35607893
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2077693 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2021Xanthorrhizol is one of the numerous phytochemicals whose pharmacological benefits have been explored for its antibacterial and antimicrobial effects. In light of the...
BACKGROUND
Xanthorrhizol is one of the numerous phytochemicals whose pharmacological benefits have been explored for its antibacterial and antimicrobial effects. In light of the role bacteria play for initiating tooth decay, this present systematic review assessed xanthorrhizol's effect against dental caries.
METHODS
The electronic databases including Pubmed, Scopus and Embase were searched up to September 2020, Studies examining the antibacterial and antimicrobial effects of xanthorrhizol in the prevention and treatment of dental caries.
RESULTS
Eleven studies met the criteria for final inclusion. Findings from these studies showed that xanthorrhizol showed significant inhibition of notable caries causing bacteria including , , and . Furthermore, there was no reported toxicity. However, it could not selectively target the growth of cariogenic bacteria.
CONCLUSION
So far, studies exploring the use of xanthorrhizol as a potential drug for the prevention and treatment of dental caries have shown promising outcomes. However, more work needs to be done especially in areas such as optimal dose or concentration, in addition, in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies and selective targeting of cariogenic bacteria has been performed.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus cereus; Dental Caries; Enterococcus faecalis; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phenols; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus sanguis
PubMed: 33731986
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S290021 -
Pediatric Dentistry Jan 2021To systematically evaluate the horizontal transmission of Streptococcus mutans in children and analyze its relationship with dental caries. Seven databases were... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
To systematically evaluate the horizontal transmission of Streptococcus mutans in children and analyze its relationship with dental caries. Seven databases were searched for observational studies that have determined the transmission of S. mutans among children younger than seven years. Selection of included studies, data extraction, and quality assessment using Downs and Black's (1998) scoring system were performed. The inverse variance random-effect approach was used to pool the results, and statistical heterogeneity was evaluated using I-squared statistics. Fifteen studies were included for qualitative synthesis, five of which were pooled for quantitative analysis. The risk ratio (RR) of sharing only one genotype in caries-free children versus children with caries was found to be 0.60 (95 percent confidence interval [95% CI] equals 0.45 to 0.80; P ≤ 0.001). The RR of sharing more than one genotype was 1.46 (95% CI equals 1.13 to 1.89; P=0.004) in children with caries versus caries-free children. These findings imply that children sharing only one genotype have a 40 percent lesser risk, and children sharing more than one genotype have a 46 percent higher risk of having dental caries. The systematic review provides evidence of the horizontal transmission of S. mutans and its association with dental caries.
Topics: Child; Dental Caries; Genotype; Humans; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 33662253
DOI: No ID Found -
Biofouling Aug 2022This study aimed at performing a systematic review of the literature on the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on planktonic cultures and biofilms. The...
This study aimed at performing a systematic review of the literature on the effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on planktonic cultures and biofilms. The selected references demonstrated that EGCG suppresses acid production by inhibiting the activity of enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase and FIF0-ATPase. Regarding virulence factors, one study reported a reduction in soluble and insoluble polysaccharide synthesis, another demonstrated that EGCG inhibited GTase activity, and another showed effects of EGCG on the expression of B, C, and D. The effects of EGCG on biofilms were reported only by 2 of the selected studies. Moreover, high variability in effective concentrations and microbial assessment methods were observed. The literature suggests that EGCG has effects against planktonic cells viability and virulence factors. However, the literature lacks studies with appropriate biofilm models to evaluate the precise effectiveness of EGCG against biofilms.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Biofilms; Catechin; Lactate Dehydrogenases; Plankton; Polysaccharides; Streptococcus mutans; Tea; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 36017657
DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2022.2116320 -
Salivary proteins and peptides in the aetiology of caries in children: Systematic literature review.Oral Diseases May 2019To assess the relationship of chosen salivary proteins and peptides levels with the occurrence of caries in children.
BACKGROUND
To assess the relationship of chosen salivary proteins and peptides levels with the occurrence of caries in children.
METHODS
PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from 2000 to 2018 were researched for original observational studies published in English. The risk of bias and quality of the included papers were assessed regarding the guidelines by Fowkes and Fulton.
RESULTS
Twenty-two studies were included in the review, from which the issue of glycoproteins (including immunoglobulins), AMPs and salivary enzymes was discussed. The research involved primary dentition (13 papers), as well as mixed (7) and permanent dentition (5). Caries assessment included visual inspection, dmft/s and DMFT/S indexed; quantity of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus spp. bacteria; and caries risk assessment.
DISCUSSION
The results of studies regarding the connection between salivary peptides and proteins and caries development in children are promising; however, further investigations should be undertaken. The majority of studies included are case-control and cross-sectional; however, it is necessary to conduct more cohort studies with adequate follow-up prior to considering this as markers for caries risk assessment.
Topics: Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Saliva; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 30091198
DOI: 10.1111/odi.12953 -
European Journal of Clinical... Sep 2023Hematogenous osteomyelitis caused by Streptococcus intermedius is rare, particularly in immunocompetent adults. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the... (Review)
Review
Hematogenous osteomyelitis caused by Streptococcus intermedius is rare, particularly in immunocompetent adults. The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the clinical presentation, prognosis as well as treatment of this disease, with the focus on immunocompetent adults. Six medical literature libraries were searched to identify studies reporting on Streptococcus intermedius induced hematogenous osteomyelitis in immunocompetent adults. In addition, we presented a case of a 44-year-old man from our institution that is illustrative for this disease. Four case reports describing four patients were identified by this systematic literature review. Hence, the data of five patients (including our case) were assessed. The most common presenting symptom was localised pain, followed by fever. Portal entries were found in two patients (general periodontitis and necrotic dentition). The localisations of osteomyelitis were diverse: femoral (two patients), lumbar spine (two patients), and the iliac bone (one patient). Treatment strategies varied strongly, but antibiotics (penicillins) were administered in each case, and two patients underwent surgical debridement. Follow-up ranged from 2 weeks to more than 6 months; one patient died from septic shock. Only a very limited number of immunocompetent adults with Streptococcus intermedius induced hematogenous osteomyelitis have been described. Based on the available data, we summarised the clinical presentation, prognosis as well as treatment of hematogenous osteomyelitis caused by Streptococcus intermedius in this patient population.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Streptococcus intermedius; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Prognosis; Osteomyelitis
PubMed: 37468663
DOI: 10.1007/s10096-023-04640-7 -
Nutrition and Health Mar 2020Dental caries are the most prominent chronic disease of children and adults worldwide, and facilitating evidence-based, preventative care for their prevention is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Dental caries are the most prominent chronic disease of children and adults worldwide, and facilitating evidence-based, preventative care for their prevention is critical. Caries are traditionally and successfully prevented by regular fluoride use, but there are opportunities to halt and restore caries with alternative agents in addition to fluoride use. Grape seed extract (GSE) is a readily available plant-based supplement that, due to its concentrated levels of proanthocyanidins, has promising characteristics that may assist in dental caries prevention.
AIM
The goal of this review was to investigate whether current research supports use of grape seed extract to prevent dental caries formation.
METHODS
A systematic review of articles related to grape seed extract, prevention of dental caries, inhibition of , and remineralization was conducted. Articles were first chosen by inclusion of dental models that used grape seed extract as an intervention, and then by strength of study design.
RESULTS
Twenty articles were reviewed. Studies overall supported three unique grape seed extract properties facilitating dental caries prevention. In the first articles reviewed, grape seed extract inhibited proliferation of bacterial biofilms on tooth surfaces. In addition, studies reviewed indicated that grape seed extract promoted dental remineralization.
CONCLUSIONS
Caries prevention by grape seed extract may be unique compared with fluoride, and is linked to grape seed extract's bacteriostatic and collagen crosslinking properties. Future research should investigate potential delivery methods, and benefits of combined grape seed extract use with known caries preventative agents, in human participants.
Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Biofilms; Child; Dental Caries; Fluorides; Grape Seed Extract; Humans; Proanthocyanidins; Streptococcus mutans; Tooth Remineralization
PubMed: 31760860
DOI: 10.1177/0260106019887890