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Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Mar 2021There are investigations on multiple photosensitizers for modulation of caries-related biofilms using PDT. However, much controversy remains about recommended parameters... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
There are investigations on multiple photosensitizers for modulation of caries-related biofilms using PDT. However, much controversy remains about recommended parameters mostly on the selection of an efficient photosensitizer.
OBJECTIVE
The study performed a systematic review to identify the answer to the following question: What photosensitizers present high bactericidal efficacy against cariogenic biofilms?
METHODS
Systematic review with meta-analyses were carried out for English language articles from October to December 2019 (PRISMA standards) using MEDLINE, Scopus, Biomed Central, EMBASE, LILACS, and Web of Science. Information on study design, biofilm model, photosensitizer, light source, energy delivery, the incubation time for photosensitizer, and bacterial reduction outcomes were recorded. We performed two meta-analyses to compare bacterial reduction, data was expressed by (1) base 10 Logarithm values and (2) Log reduction RESULTS: After the eligibility criteria were applied (PEDro scale), the selected studies showed that toluidine Blue Ortho (TBO) and methylene blue (MBO) (5-min incubation time and 5-min irradiation) demonstrated better bacterial reduction outcomes. For the data expressed by Log TBO, MBO, curcumin, and Photogem® presented a significant bacterial decrease in comparison to the control (p = 0.042). For the data represented by Log reduction, the bacterial reduction toward S.mutans was not significant for any photosensitizer (p = 0.679).
CONCLUSION
The lack of methodological standardization among the studies still hinders the establishment of photosensitizer and bactericidal efficiency. TBO, MBO, curcumin, and photogem generate greater PDT-based bacterial reduction on caries-related bacteria.. Further clinical studies are necessary in order to obtain conclusive results.
Topics: Biofilms; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Streptococcus mutans; Tolonium Chloride; Triazenes
PubMed: 33031937
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.102046 -
Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry Apr 2020To assess the efficacy of licorice lollipops in reducing dental caries in children.
PURPOSE
To assess the efficacy of licorice lollipops in reducing dental caries in children.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A literature search was confined to the English language using MeSH terms congruent with PICO format in 'PubMed', 'Cochrane Library' and 'Ovid', covering the period from April 1967 to December 2017. Searches in Google Scholar, grey literature and hand search of cross-references were performed to find additional data. Suitable studies were selected based on the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Quality analysis and risk of bias of the selected studies were performed using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for risk of bias.
RESULTS
Overall 519 articles were retrieved, 516 (electronic databases) and 3 (Google scholar). 516 publications were excluded due to non-availability of abstracts, or because they were unrelated studies, narrative reviews, and systematic reviews as well as letters to editors. Only three studies were included for final analysis. Quality analysis of these three studies showed that only one was of high quality, whereas the other two were rated as low.
CONCLUSION
Licorice lollipops showed a promising effect in reducing caries by decreasing Streptococcus mutans counts in the saliva. Further research using randomised controlled clinical trial (RCT) designs with large sample size are recommended.
Topics: Child; Dental Caries; Glycyrrhiza; Humans; Plant Extracts; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 32238980
DOI: 10.3290/j.ohpd.a44138 -
Journal of the Indian Society of... 2022Passive immunization using egg yolk-based antibodies has been tested against oral microorganisms. Our study assessed the effect of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) formulations on... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Passive immunization using egg yolk-based antibodies has been tested against oral microorganisms. Our study assessed the effect of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) formulations on Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida albicans in human subjects.
HIGHLIGHTS
VS and UT independently searched articles using keyword combinations in four search engines; studies in English were selected. Either parallel-arm or split-mouth randomized controlled trials on healthy human subjects were considered. Ten studies remained in the selection; six studies compared the effect of IgY formulations on S. mutans, three on P. gingivalis, and one on C. albicans. Five studies (422 subjects) compared the effect of IgY formulations on S. mutans. When fixed-effect model (FEM) was applied, the risk ratio (RR) (confidence interval [CI]) was found to be 7.81 (6.00, 10.18). Three studies (167 subjects) compared the effect of IgY formulations on P. gingivalis. When FEM was applied, the RR (CI) was found to be 0.06 (-0.03, 0.15) in relation to reduction in probing depth. When FEM was applied, for percentage reduction in bleeding on probing (BOP), the RR (CI) was 1.99 (1.64, 2.41). Only one study (26 subjects) was available of IgY formulation and C. albicans; hence meta-analysis was not performed.The search was extended using Google Scholar, Semantic Scholar, cross-references and by contacting authors and researchers in the field which further yielded five articles. .
CONCLUSIONS
IgY formulations were effective in the reduction of S. mutans. They were not effective on P. gingivalis in relation to probing depth but were effective in relation to reduction in BOP. No harms were reported. Evidence is of low quality due to high heterogeneity. The ROB was moderate and publication bias was low.
Topics: Humans; Immunoglobulins; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Streptococcus mutans; Research Subjects; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 36260461
DOI: 10.4103/jisppd.jisppd_226_22 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Jun 2024Orthodontic treatments, while essential for achieving optimal oral health, present challenges in infection control due to the propensity for bacterial adhesion and...
Orthodontic treatments, while essential for achieving optimal oral health, present challenges in infection control due to the propensity for bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on orthodontic appliances. Silver-coated orthodontic materials have emerged as a promising solution, leveraging the potent antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). Antibacterial coatings are used in orthodontics to prevent the formation of bacterial biofilms. This systematic review evaluated the literature on antimicrobial silver coatings on fixed orthodontic appliances, including archwires, brackets, and microimplants. Two evaluators, working independently, rigorously conducted a comprehensive search of various databases, including PubMed, PubMed Central, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science. This systematic review comprehensively examined in vitro studies investigating the antimicrobial efficacy of silver-coated orthodontic archwires, brackets, and microimplants. The review registered in PROSPERO CRD42024509189 synthesized findings from 18 diverse studies, revealing consistent and significant reductions in bacterial adhesion, biofilm formation, and colony counts with the incorporation of AgNPs. Key studies demonstrated the effectiveness of silver-coated archwires and brackets against common oral bacteria, such as Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus. Microimplants coated with AgNPs also exhibited notable antimicrobial activity against a range of microorganisms. The systematic review revealed potential mechanisms underlying these antimicrobial effects, highlighted implications for infection prevention in orthodontic practice, and suggested future research avenues. Despite some study heterogeneity and limitations, the collective evidence supports the potential of silver-coated orthodontic materials in mitigating bacterial complications, emphasizing their relevance in advancing infection control measures in orthodontics.
Topics: Silver; Humans; Biofilms; Orthodontic Brackets; Metal Nanoparticles; Orthodontic Wires; Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed; Anti-Infective Agents; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Streptococcus mutans; Bacterial Adhesion; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 38843112
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.944255 -
Archives of Oral Biology Nov 2020The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the effect of bioactive compounds and their regulation of quorum sensing (QS)-related and/or...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to systematically review the literature on the effect of bioactive compounds and their regulation of quorum sensing (QS)-related and/or -regulated-virulence genes expression in Streptococcus mutans.
DESIGN
The search strategy was conducted through the electronic databases Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies reporting the effects of natural and synthetic bioactive compounds on the regulation of QS-associated and/or -regulated genes of S. mutans.
RESULTS
After full-text reading, 19 studies met the inclusion criteria, in most of them, QS-inhibitors from synthetic origin were evaluated, 16 articles described the effect of the compounds on biofilm formation cultivated in vitro and five studies described these effects on adhesion of biofilm-producing cells. Only 2 studies analyzed the potential target-component of the QS.
CONCLUSIONS
Mostly, the bioactive compounds affected the expression of QS-associated and/or -regulated genes and virulence traits (e.g. adhesion, biofilm formation, acid stress tolerance) of S. mutans. Further studies are necessary to elucidate the target-specific QS-system constituent used by bioactive compounds to achieve QS inhibition as well as validate the use of these compounds in controlling dental caries.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Biofilms; Quorum Sensing; Streptococcus mutans; Virulence
PubMed: 32961379
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104893 -
Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and... Apr 2019An abnormal vaginal microbiota composition has been shown to lead to pre-term births, miscarriage, and problems with conceiving. Studies have suggested that dysbiosis... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
An abnormal vaginal microbiota composition has been shown to lead to pre-term births, miscarriage, and problems with conceiving. Studies have suggested that dysbiosis reduces successful early pregnancy development during IVF. However, conflicting reports exist. This meta-analysis aims to answer the following question: what is the aggregated effect found by studies investigating the influence of the vaginal microbiota composition on early pregnancy rates after IVF treatment? A systematic review was performed using the Medline and EMBASE databases, using search terms for healthy vaginal microbiota, abnormal vaginal microbiota, fertility and pregnancy. The search resulted in six included articles. Of these, all six were used for further meta-analysis. The main outcome measures were the clinical pregnancy rate, determined through ultrasound proven fetal heartbeat and/or hCG results before 10 weeks gestation, in relation to the vaginal microbiota composition. We found a correlation between abnormal vaginal microbiota and lower rates of early pregnancy development after IVF treatment (OR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.49 - 0.99). One study showed the reverse correlation. However, heterogeneity between study methodologies in various forms was found. In conclusion, women with an abnormal vaginal microbiota are roughly 1.4 times less likely to have a successful early pregnancy development after IVF treatment when compared to women with normal microbiota.
Topics: Dysbiosis; Embryo Transfer; Female; Fertility; Fertilization in Vitro; Humans; MEDLINE; Microbiota; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy Rate; Staphylococcus aureus; Treatment Outcome; Vagina; Viridans Streptococci
PubMed: 30685426
DOI: 10.1016/j.jogoh.2019.01.007 -
BMC Oral Health Jun 2020The use of silver-formulation as microbicide to arrest dentinal caries is gaining popularity. The primary objective of the present appraisal was to systematically review...
BACKGROUND
The use of silver-formulation as microbicide to arrest dentinal caries is gaining popularity. The primary objective of the present appraisal was to systematically review the clinical (in vivo) applications and antimicrobial potential of silver-containing formulations in arresting dentinal caries. Our secondary aim was to sum up the available in vitro applications of silver-containing formulations against cariogenic microbes isolated from dentine lesions.
METHODS
Ovid MEDLINE, EBSCO host, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases was searched between January 2009-May 2019.
RESULTS
In vivo: We observed conflicting evidence of antimicrobial efficacy of SDF on a diverse array of microbial taxa present in carious dentine of primary and permanent teeth. Moreover, there is insufficient evidence on the application of AgNP-fluoride as an effective microbicidal against cariogens of dentine lesions. In vitro: We found a good evidence of microbicidal efficacy of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) on selective cariogenic microbes in human dentine model. Additionally, a good evidence was noted of in vitro application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) as a useful microbicidal against S. mutans adhesion, growth and subsequent biofilm formation in human dentine models.
CONCLUSIONS
Taken together, in vitro evidence indicates the promising antimicrobial potential of silver-based formulations (SDF and nanosilver) against the predominant cariogenic flora, particularly from dentine lesions. Post-treatment clinical data of either the bactericidal and bacteriostatic effects of SDF or nanosilver are sparse. Furthermore, the current understanding of the specific size, concentration, antimicrobial mechanisms, and toxicological aspects of nano-silver compounds is inadequate to draw firm conclusions on their clinical utility.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Biofilms; Cariostatic Agents; Dental Caries; Fluorides, Topical; Humans; Metal Nanoparticles; Microbial Viability; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Silver; Silver Compounds; Streptococcus mutans; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32493272
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01133-3 -
Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Sep 2019There is still no systematized evidence in the literature regarding the combination of curcumin to improve the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on...
BACKGROUND
There is still no systematized evidence in the literature regarding the combination of curcumin to improve the effects of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) on complex oral biofilms. Therefore, the objective of this review was to systematically assess the antimicrobial effect of curcumin-mediated aPDT on the vitality of biofilms of microorganisms Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans.
METHODS
The addressed focused question was: "What are the effects of curcumin-mediated antimicrobial therapy on the biofilm viability of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in vitro models?" A literature search was conducted in the electronic databases Pubmed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Bireme up to April 2019. In vitro studies evaluating the effect of curcumin-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy on S. mutans and C. albicans biofilms were included.
RESULTS
From 95 citations, 11 full-text articles were screened and 6 studies were included in this review. Because of the heterogeneity observed in the studies selected, meta-analysis was not possible.
CONCLUSIONS
The in vitro studies indicate the potential use of curcumin-mediated aPDT to inactivate microorganisms; Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. This survey should be viewed as a starting point for further examinations using standardized parameters to enhance outcomes.
Topics: Biofilms; Candida albicans; Curcumin; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Microbial Viability; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 31352059
DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2019.07.010 -
World Neurosurgery May 2019Acupuncture is a common form of alternative medicine that is used for pain control among other modalities of treatment. It is a relatively safe procedure, but...
BACKGROUND
Acupuncture is a common form of alternative medicine that is used for pain control among other modalities of treatment. It is a relatively safe procedure, but complications, including those of infectious etiology, may still occur.
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 47-year-old immunosuppressed woman presented with fever, altered level of consciousness, dysphasia, and a left occipital subgaleal fluctuant mass after acupuncture for headaches in the same area. Imaging demonstrated subgaleal and epidural collection localized in the left occipital region. She underwent urgent surgical evacuation of both collections. Cultures from intraoperative specimens grew Streptococcus anginosus. The patient started targeted antibiotic treatment leading to complete recovery.
CONCLUSIONS
To our knowledge, this is the first report of intracranial abscess after acupuncture. Given the worldwide application of this alternative treatment, physicians, acupuncturists, and the general public should be aware of the possibility of this rare but serious complication.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Epidural Abscess; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Neuralgia; Occipital Lobe; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus anginosus
PubMed: 30743042
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.01.189