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Head & Face Medicine Mar 2015Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a remarkably high incidence worldwide, and a fairly serious prognosis, encouraging further research into advanced technologies... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has a remarkably high incidence worldwide, and a fairly serious prognosis, encouraging further research into advanced technologies for noninvasive methods of making early diagnoses, ideally in primary care settings.
OBJECTIVES
Our purpose was to examine the validity of using advanced noninvasive technologies in diagnosis of OSCC by identifying and evaluating relevant published reports.
DATA SOURCE
MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL were searched to identify clinical trials and other information published between 1990 and 10 June 2014; the searches of MEDLINE and EMBASE were updated to November 2014.
STUDY SELECTION
Studies of noninvasive methods of diagnosing OSCC, including oral brush biopsy, optical biopsy, saliva-based oral cancer diagnosis, and others were included.
DATA EXTRACTION
Data were abstracted and evaluated in duplicate for possible relevance on two occasions at an interval of 2 months before being included or excluded.
DATA SYNTHESIS
This study identified 163 studies of noninvasive methods for diagnosing OSCC that met the inclusion criteria. These included six studies of oral brush biopsy, 42 of saliva-based oral diagnosis, and 115 of optical biopsy. Sixty nine of these studies were assessed by the modified version of the QUADAS instrument. Saliva-based oral cancer diagnosis and optical biopsy were found to be promising noninvasive methods for diagnosing OSCC.
LIMITATION
The strength of evidence was rated low for accuracy outcomes because the studies did not report important details required to assess the risk for bias.
CONCLUSIONS
It is clear that screening for and early detection of cancer and pre-cancerous lesions have the potential to reduce the morbidity and mortality of this disease. Advances in technologies for saliva-based oral diagnosis and optical biopsy are promising pathways for the future development of more effective noninvasive methods for diagnosing OSCC that are easy to perform clinically in primary care settings.
Topics: Biopsy; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Female; Humans; Male; Mouth Neoplasms; Physical Examination; Saliva; Visual Analog Scale
PubMed: 25889859
DOI: 10.1186/s13005-015-0063-z -
Archives of Women's Mental Health Apr 2019Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has increasingly been employed to establish whether there is a specific brain neural network dedicated to maternal... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has increasingly been employed to establish whether there is a specific brain neural network dedicated to maternal responsiveness. We undertook systematic review and meta-analysis of all studies in which healthy new mothers were exposed to visual stimuli of own versus other infants to determine the quality of evidence for a dedicated maternal neural network. Systematic literature review revealed a pattern of specific neural responses commonly induced by visual infant paradigms. Brain areas consistently reported as activated in mothers in response to own versus unknown infant included the left thalamus, bilateral pre-central gyrus, left limbic lobe, uncus, amygdala and left caudate. These regions are implicated in reward, attention, emotion processing and other core social cognitive skills. Meta-analysis, however, revealed a more limited subset of brain areas activated in mothers specifically in response to their own versus unknown infant and suggested considerable inter-study variability. Further work is needed if functional imaging is to become an objective tool for the assessment of neural pathways associated with distinct patterns of maternal care behaviour. Such a tool would be invaluable in developing biomarkers of neural activity associated with healthy maternal care and for monitoring treatment/intervention effects of costly parenting interventions.
Topics: Brain; Female; Humans; Infant; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maternal Behavior; Mother-Child Relations; Neural Pathways; Oxytocin
PubMed: 29987638
DOI: 10.1007/s00737-018-0878-2 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2020Despite our understanding of the impact of noise-induced damage to the auditory system, much less is known about the impact of noise exposure on the vestibular system.... (Review)
Review
Despite our understanding of the impact of noise-induced damage to the auditory system, much less is known about the impact of noise exposure on the vestibular system. In this article, we review the anatomical, physiological, and functional evidence for noise-induced damage to peripheral and central vestibular structures. Morphological studies in several animal models have demonstrated cellular damage throughout the peripheral vestibular system and particularly in the otolith organs; however, there is a paucity of data on the effect of noise exposure on human vestibular end organs. Physiological studies have corroborated morphological studies by demonstrating disruption across vestibular pathways with otolith-mediated pathways impacted more than semicircular canal-mediated pathways. Similar to the temporary threshold shifts observed in the auditory system, physiological studies in animals have suggested a capacity for recovery following noise-induced vestibular damage. Human studies have demonstrated that diminished sacculo-collic responses are related to the severity of noise-induced hearing loss, and dose-dependent vestibular deficits following noise exposure have been corroborated in animal models. Further work is needed to better understand the physiological and functional consequences of noise-induced vestibular impairment in animals and humans.
PubMed: 33324332
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.593919 -
Brain Sciences Mar 2023This article summarizes the results of studies in which functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed to investigate the neurofunctional activations... (Review)
Review
This article summarizes the results of studies in which functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was performed to investigate the neurofunctional activations involved in processing visual stimuli from food in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN) and binge eating disorder (BED). A systematic review approach based on the PRISMA guidelines was used. Three databases-Scopus, PubMed and Web of Science (WoS)-were searched for brain correlates of each eating disorder. From an original pool of 688 articles, 30 articles were included and discussed. The selected studies did not always overlap in terms of research design and observed outcomes, but it was possible to identify some regularities that characterized each eating disorder. As if there were two complementary regulatory strategies, AN seems to be associated with general hyperactivity in brain regions involved in top-down control and emotional areas, such as the amygdala, insula and hypothalamus. The insula and striatum are hyperactive in BN patients and likely involved in abnormalities of impulsivity and emotion regulation. Finally, the temporal cortex and striatum appear to be involved in the neural correlates of BED, linking this condition to use of dissociative strategies and addictive aspects. Although further studies are needed, this review shows that there are specific activation pathways. Therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to triggers, targets and maintenance processes in order to plan effective therapeutic interventions. Clinical implications are discussed.
PubMed: 36979275
DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13030465 -
NeuroImage Oct 2016Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) applies exogenous oscillatory electric field potentials to entrain neural rhythms and is used to investigate... (Review)
Review
Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) applies exogenous oscillatory electric field potentials to entrain neural rhythms and is used to investigate brain-function relationships and its potential to enhance perceptual and cognitive performance. However, due to current spread tACS can cause cutaneous activation of the retina and phosphenes. Several lines of evidence suggest that retinal phosphenes are capable of inducing neural entrainment, making the contributions of central and peripheral stimulation to the effects in the brain difficult to disentangle. In this literature review, the importance of this issue is further illustrated by the fact that photic stimulation can have a direct impact on perceptual and cognitive performance. This leaves open the possibility that peripheral photic stimulation can at least in part explain the central effects that are attributed to tACS. The extent to which phosphene perception contributes to the effects of exogenous oscillatory electric fields in the brain and influence perception and cognitive performance needs to be examined to understand the working mechanisms of tACS in neurophysiology and behaviour.
Topics: Animals; Brain Mapping; Brain Waves; Evidence-Based Medicine; Evoked Potentials, Visual; Humans; Phosphenes; Photic Stimulation; Retinal Ganglion Cells; Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation; Visual Cortex; Visual Pathways; Visual Perception
PubMed: 26453929
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.09.067 -
Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics : the... Jul 2022As the prevalence of eye diseases increases, demand for effective, accessible and equitable eye care grows worldwide. This is especially true in lower and middle-income... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
As the prevalence of eye diseases increases, demand for effective, accessible and equitable eye care grows worldwide. This is especially true in lower and middle-income countries, which have variable levels of infrastructure and economic resources to meet this increased demand. In the present study we aimed to review the literature on eye care in Pakistan comprehensively, with a particular focus on eye care pathways, patient priorities and economics.
METHODS
A systematic scoping review was performed to identify literature relating to eye care in Pakistan. Searches of relevant electronic databases and grey literature were carried out. The results were analysed through a mixed methods approach encompassing descriptive numerical summary and thematic analysis. To consolidate results and define priority areas for future study, expert consultation exercises with key stakeholders were conducted using qualitative semi-structured interviews.
RESULTS
One hundred and thirty-two papers (published and unpublished) were included in the final review. The majority (n = 93) of studies utilised a quantitative design. Seven interlinked themes were identified: eye care pathways, burden of eye disease, public views on eye-related issues, workforce, barriers to uptake of eye care services, quality of eye care services and economic impact of blindness. Research priorities included investigating the eye care workforce, the quality and efficiency of current eye care services, eye care services available in rural Pakistan and the costs and benefits related to eye care provision and sustaining eye care programmes.
CONCLUSIONS
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review to synthesise evidence from papers across the field relating to eye care in Pakistan. As such, this work provides new insights into the achievements of the national eye health programme, challenges in eye care in Pakistan and priority areas for future research.
Topics: Critical Pathways; Humans; Pakistan; Referral and Consultation
PubMed: 35318687
DOI: 10.1111/opo.12977 -
JAMA Psychiatry Apr 2024In the last 25 years, functional magnetic resonance imaging drug cue reactivity (FDCR) studies have characterized some core aspects in the neurobiology of drug...
IMPORTANCE
In the last 25 years, functional magnetic resonance imaging drug cue reactivity (FDCR) studies have characterized some core aspects in the neurobiology of drug addiction. However, no FDCR-derived biomarkers have been approved for treatment development or clinical adoption. Traversing this translational gap requires a systematic assessment of the FDCR literature evidence, its heterogeneity, and an evaluation of possible clinical uses of FDCR-derived biomarkers.
OBJECTIVE
To summarize the state of the field of FDCR, assess their potential for biomarker development, and outline a clear process for biomarker qualification to guide future research and validation efforts.
EVIDENCE REVIEW
The PubMed and Medline databases were searched for every original FDCR investigation published from database inception until December 2022. Collected data covered study design, participant characteristics, FDCR task design, and whether each study provided evidence that might potentially help develop susceptibility, diagnostic, response, prognostic, predictive, or severity biomarkers for 1 or more addictive disorders.
FINDINGS
There were 415 FDCR studies published between 1998 and 2022. Most focused on nicotine (122 [29.6%]), alcohol (120 [29.2%]), or cocaine (46 [11.1%]), and most used visual cues (354 [85.3%]). Together, these studies recruited 19 311 participants, including 13 812 individuals with past or current substance use disorders. Most studies could potentially support biomarker development, including diagnostic (143 [32.7%]), treatment response (141 [32.3%]), severity (84 [19.2%]), prognostic (30 [6.9%]), predictive (25 [5.7%]), monitoring (12 [2.7%]), and susceptibility (2 [0.5%]) biomarkers. A total of 155 interventional studies used FDCR, mostly to investigate pharmacological (67 [43.2%]) or cognitive/behavioral (51 [32.9%]) interventions; 141 studies used FDCR as a response measure, of which 125 (88.7%) reported significant interventional FDCR alterations; and 25 studies used FDCR as an intervention outcome predictor, with 24 (96%) finding significant associations between FDCR markers and treatment outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Based on this systematic review and the proposed biomarker development framework, there is a pathway for the development and regulatory qualification of FDCR-based biomarkers of addiction and recovery. Further validation could support the use of FDCR-derived measures, potentially accelerating treatment development and improving diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive clinical judgments.
Topics: Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Cues; Substance-Related Disorders; Behavior, Addictive; Biomarkers
PubMed: 38324323
DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2023.5483 -
Pediatric Neurosurgery 2022Novel targeted and tailored therapies can substantially improve the prognosis for optic pathway glioma (OPG), especially when implemented in a timely manner. However,...
INTRODUCTION
Novel targeted and tailored therapies can substantially improve the prognosis for optic pathway glioma (OPG), especially when implemented in a timely manner. However, their tremendous potential remains underestimated. Therefore, in this study, we provide an updated overview of the clinical trials, current trends, and future perspectives for OPG's novel therapeutic strategies.
METHODS
We completed an extensive literature review using the PubMed, MEDLINE, and ClinicalTrials.gov databases. We analyzed and reported the data following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.
RESULTS
Thioguanine, procarbazine, lomustine, and vincristine/vinblastine, as well as cisplatin-etoposide, provided excellent results in advanced-phase trials. Selumetinib and trametinib, two oral MEK inhibitors, have been approved for recurrent or refractory OPGs in association with the angiogenetic inhibitor bevacizumab. Among the mTOR inhibitors, everolimus and sirolimus showed the best results. Stereotactic radiosurgery and proton beam radiation therapy have advantages over conventional radiotherapy regimens. Timely treatment is imperative for acute visual symptoms with evidence of tumor progression. This latest evidence can help define a novel "T-Dimension" for pediatric OPG therapies.
CONCLUSION
The novel "T-Dimension" for pediatric OPGs is based on recent evidence-based treatments, including combination chemotherapy regimens, molecular targeted therapies, stereotactic radiosurgery, and proton beam radiation therapy. Additional clinical trials are essential for validating each of these new therapies.
Topics: Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Glioma; Humans; Lomustine; Radiosurgery; Vincristine
PubMed: 35588700
DOI: 10.1159/000524873 -
Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark... Jun 2022This study was to explore the research status and research hotspots of ferritinophagy in the past eight years.
OBJECTIVE
This study was to explore the research status and research hotspots of ferritinophagy in the past eight years.
METHODS
Relevant papers on ferritinophagy from 2014 to 2021 was retrieved from the science citation extended database of the Web of Science. Through the application of bibliometrics research methods and bibliometrics analysis software VOSviewer to extract, analyze and visualize journals, authors, research institutions and keywords, to clarify the hot spots and development history of peritoneal dialysis research.
RESULTS
A total of 134 studies were screened and included in this study. Overall, the output of ferritinophagy research had fluctuated in the past 8 years. China's research on ferritinophagy had the largest number of published articles. The United States still maintained a leading position in research in this field, and its citation frequency, H-index and funding output are all at the forefront. Among them, international cooperation with relevant institutions was also more frequent. Ferritinophagy was currently mainly focused on cell biology. Tumor research might be the next major clinical research direction in this field. The related research on oxidative stress pathways, cell death methods, and nuclear receptor co-activator 4 (NCOA4) in the field of ferritinophagy were current research hotspots.
CONCLUSIONS
It could be understanding the research status and hotspots of ferritinophagy in the world more clearly and intuitively by using the bibliometric method.
Topics: Bibliometrics; Publications; United States
PubMed: 35748269
DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2706193 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2024The association between intestinal microbiota and lipids has garnered significant scholarly interest. This study analyzes pertinent literature on intestinal microbiota...
OBJECTIVE
The association between intestinal microbiota and lipids has garnered significant scholarly interest. This study analyzes pertinent literature on intestinal microbiota and lipids to offer scientific guidance for future advancements and research directions.
METHODS
Articles focusing on intestinal microbiota and lipids were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC). Following a rigorous screening process, 12,693 articles were included in the study. The collected data was processed comprehensively and visually analyzed using various academic tools such as CiteSpace, VOSviewer, R software, and Scimago Graphica.
RESULTS
The field of intestinal microbiota and its relationship with major lipids has witnessed a significant surge in scholarly attention, as indicated by the upward trend observed in related articles. Among countries, China had emerged as the leading contributor in publication output, with Chinese Acad Sci being the most prolific institution in this field. Notably, Nutrients and Nature were the prominent journals that published many articles and garnered the highest number of co-citations. Scholars have widely recognized Patrice D Cani's notable contributions in this field. Current research endeavors have focused on obesity, insulin resistance, metabolism, growth performance, the gut-brain axis, and others.
CONCLUSIONS
Our analysis identified four primary research trends: "biochemical pathways," "exploration of diseases," "intervention and effect," and "health and diet." Future scholars must devote more attention to intestinal microbiota and major lipids to advance our understanding of human health.
PubMed: 38746743
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1361439