-
Annals of Internal Medicine Jan 2015The magnitude, consistency, and manner of association between sedentary time and outcomes independent of physical activity remain unclear. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The magnitude, consistency, and manner of association between sedentary time and outcomes independent of physical activity remain unclear.
PURPOSE
To quantify the association between sedentary time and hospitalizations, all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer in adults independent of physical activity.
DATA SOURCES
English-language studies in MEDLINE, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Knowledge, and Google Scholar databases were searched through August 2014 with hand-searching of in-text citations and no publication date limitations.
STUDY SELECTION
Studies assessing sedentary behavior in adults, adjusted for physical activity and correlated to at least 1 outcome.
DATA EXTRACTION
Two independent reviewers performed data abstraction and quality assessment, and a third reviewer resolved inconsistencies.
DATA SYNTHESIS
Forty-seven articles met our eligibility criteria. Meta-analyses were performed on outcomes for cardiovascular disease and diabetes (14 studies), cancer (14 studies), and all-cause mortality (13 studies). Prospective cohort designs were used in all but 3 studies; sedentary times were quantified using self-report in all but 1 study. Significant hazard ratio (HR) associations were found with all-cause mortality (HR, 1.240 [95% CI, 1.090 to 1.410]), cardiovascular disease mortality (HR, 1.179 [CI, 1.106 to 1.257]), cardiovascular disease incidence (HR, 1.143 [CI, 1.002 to 1.729]), cancer mortality (HR, 1.173 [CI, 1.108 to 1.242]), cancer incidence (HR, 1.130 [CI, 1.053 to 1.213]), and type 2 diabetes incidence (HR, 1.910 [CI, 1.642 to 2.222]). Hazard ratios associated with sedentary time and outcomes were generally more pronounced at lower levels of physical activity than at higher levels.
LIMITATION
There was marked heterogeneity in research designs and the assessment of sedentary time and physical activity.
CONCLUSION
Prolonged sedentary time was independently associated with deleterious health outcomes regardless of physical activity.
PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE
None.
Topics: Adult; Bias; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Hospitalization; Humans; Incidence; Morbidity; Mortality; Motor Activity; Neoplasms; Proportional Hazards Models; Risk Factors; Sedentary Behavior; Time Factors
PubMed: 25599350
DOI: 10.7326/M14-1651 -
British Journal of Sports Medicine Nov 2022To investigate the incidence, prevalence, risk factors and morphological presentations of low back pain (LBP) in adolescent athletes. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the incidence, prevalence, risk factors and morphological presentations of low back pain (LBP) in adolescent athletes.
DESIGN
Systematic review with meta-analysis.
DATA SOURCES
Medline, Embase, CINAHL via EBSCO, Web of Science, Scopus.
ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES
Studies evaluating the incidence and/or prevalence of LBP in adolescent athletes across all sports.
RESULTS
There were 80 studies included. The pooled incidence estimate of LBP in adolescent athletes was 11% (95% CI 8% to 13%, I=0%) for 2 years, 36.0% (95% CI 4% to 68%, I=99.3%) for 12 months and 14% (95% CI 7% to 22%, I=76%) for 6 months incidence estimates. The pooled prevalence estimate of LBP in adolescent athletes was 42% (95% CI 29% to 55%, I=96.6%) for last 12 months, 46% (95% CI 41.0% to 52%, I=56%) for last 3 months and 16% (95% CI 9% to 23%, I=98.3%) for point prevalence. Potential risk factors were sport participation, sport volume/intensity, concurrent lower extremity pain, overweight/high body mass index, older adolescent age, female sex and family history of LBP. The most common morphology reported was spondylolysis. Methodological quality was deemed high in 73% of cross-sectional studies and in 30% of cohort studies. Common reasons for downgrading at quality assessment were use of non-validated survey instruments and imprecision or absence of LBP definition.
SUMMARY/CONCLUSION
LBP is common among adolescent athletes, although incidence and prevalence vary considerably due to differences in study methodology, definitions of LBP and data collection.
PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42020157206.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Low Back Pain; Prevalence; Incidence; Cross-Sectional Studies; Athletes; Risk Factors
PubMed: 36150752
DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2021-104749 -
BMJ Open Respiratory Research Jun 2023Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a collective term representing a diverse group of pulmonary fibrotic and inflammatory conditions. Due to the diversity of ILD... (Review)
Review
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a collective term representing a diverse group of pulmonary fibrotic and inflammatory conditions. Due to the diversity of ILD conditions, paucity of guidance and updates to diagnostic criteria over time, it has been challenging to precisely determine ILD incidence and prevalence. This systematic review provides a synthesis of published data at a global level and highlights gaps in the current knowledge base. Medline and Embase databases were searched systematically for studies reporting incidence and prevalence of various ILDs. Randomised controlled trials, case reports and conference abstracts were excluded. 80 studies were included, the most described subgroup was autoimmune-related ILD, and the most studied conditions were rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated ILD, systemic sclerosis associated (SSc) ILD and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The prevalence of IPF was mostly established using healthcare datasets, whereas the prevalence of autoimmune ILD tended to be reported in smaller autoimmune cohorts. The prevalence of IPF ranged from 7 to 1650 per 100 000 persons. Prevalence of SSc ILD and RA ILD ranged from 26.1% to 88.1% and 0.6% to 63.7%, respectively. Significant heterogeneity was observed in the reported incidence of various ILD subtypes. This review demonstrates the challenges in establishing trends over time across regions and highlights a need to standardise ILD diagnostic criteria.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020203035.
Topics: Humans; Prevalence; Incidence; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis; Arthritis, Rheumatoid
PubMed: 37308252
DOI: 10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001291 -
Journal of Dental Research Nov 2014We aimed to consolidate all epidemiologic data about severe periodontitis (SP) and, subsequently, to generate internally consistent prevalence and incidence estimates... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
We aimed to consolidate all epidemiologic data about severe periodontitis (SP) and, subsequently, to generate internally consistent prevalence and incidence estimates for all countries, 20 age groups, and both sexes for 1990 and 2010. The systematic search of the literature yielded 6,394 unique citations. After screening titles and abstracts, we excluded 5,881 citations as clearly not relevant to this systematic review, leaving 513 for full-text review. A further 441 publications were excluded following the validity assessment. A total of 72 studies, including 291,170 individuals aged 15 yr or older in 37 countries, were included in the metaregression based on modeling resources of the Global Burden of Disease 2010 Study. SP was the sixth-most prevalent condition in the world. Between 1990 and 2010, the global age-standardized prevalence of SP was static at 11.2% (95% uncertainty interval: 10.4%-11.9% in 1990 and 10.5%-12.0% in 2010). The age-standardized incidence of SP in 2010 was 701 cases per 100,000 person-years (95% uncertainty interval: 599-823), a nonsignificant increase from the 1990 incidence of SP. Prevalence increased gradually with age, showing a steep increase between the third and fourth decades of life that was driven by a peak in incidence at around 38 yr of age. There were considerable variations in prevalence and incidence between regions and countries. Policy makers need to be aware of a predictable increasing burden of SP due to the growing world population associated with an increasing life expectancy and a significant decrease in the prevalence of total tooth loss throughout the world from 1990 to 2010.
Topics: Age Factors; Cost of Illness; Epidemiologic Studies; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Periodontitis; Prevalence
PubMed: 25261053
DOI: 10.1177/0022034514552491 -
Pediatric Cardiology Mar 2018While the epidemiology of adult heart failure has been extensively researched, this systematic review addresses the less well characterized incidence and prevalence of... (Review)
Review
While the epidemiology of adult heart failure has been extensively researched, this systematic review addresses the less well characterized incidence and prevalence of pediatric HF. The search strategy used Cochrane methodology and identified 83 unique studies for inclusion. Studies were categorized according to whether the HF diagnosis was reported as primary (n = 10); associated with other cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) (n = 49); or associated with non-CVDs (n = 24). A narrative synthesis of the evidence is presented. For primary HF, the incidence ranged from 0.87/100,000 (UK and Ireland) to 7.4/100,000 (Taiwan). A prevalence of 83.3/100,000 was reported in one large population-based study from Spain. HF etiology varied across regions with lower respiratory tract infections and severe anemia predominating in lower income countries, and cardiomyopathies and congenital heart disease major causes in higher income countries. Key findings for the other categories included a prevalence of HF associated with cardiomyopathies ranging from 36.1% (Japan) to 79% (US); associated with congenital heart disease from 8% (Norway) to 82.2% (Nigeria); associated with rheumatic heart diseases from 1.5% (Turkey) to 74% (Zimbabwe); associated with renal disorders from 3.8% (India) to 24.1% (Nigeria); and associated with HIV from 1% (US) to 29.3% (Brazil). To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review of the topic and strengthens current knowledge of pediatric HF epidemiology. Although a large body of research was identified, heterogeneity in study design and diagnostic criteria limited the ability to compare regional data. Standardized definitions of pediatric HF are required to facilitate cross-regional comparisons of epidemiological data.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Heart Failure; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Prevalence; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29260263
DOI: 10.1007/s00246-017-1787-2 -
Sleep Medicine Reviews Feb 2020Problems with sleep are reported to be common after stroke but the incidence and prevalence of insomnia and insomnia symptoms following stroke is not yet established.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Problems with sleep are reported to be common after stroke but the incidence and prevalence of insomnia and insomnia symptoms following stroke is not yet established. The aim of this review was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of the incidence and prevalence of insomnia and insomnia symptoms in individuals affected by stroke. We searched seven main electronic databases to identify studies until September 25, 2018. No studies examining incidence of post-stroke insomnia were identified. Twenty-two studies on prevalence of insomnia or insomnia symptoms including individuals with stroke were included with fourteen studies suitable for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Meta-analysis indicated pooled prevalence of 38.2% (CI 30.1-46.5) with significantly higher prevalence estimates for studies using non-diagnostic tools, 40.70% (CI 30.96-50.82) compared to studies using diagnostic assessment tools 32.21% (CI 18.5-47.64). Greater insomnia symptoms were indicated in those with comorbid depression and anxiety. The prevalence of both insomnia and insomnia symptoms are considerably higher in stroke survivors compared to the general population. Studies investigating the incidence, insomnia symptom profile and changes in insomnia prevalence over time are needed to inform clinical practice and to encourage tailored interventions that consider this symptomatology. PROSPERO registration number CRD42017065670.
Topics: Humans; Incidence; Prevalence; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Stroke; Survivors
PubMed: 31739180
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.101222 -
Anales Del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra Apr 2022Stroke is the second cause of death and the first cause of disability in Europe. The number of stroke patients shows a rapidly increasing due to the increase in the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Stroke is the second cause of death and the first cause of disability in Europe. The number of stroke patients shows a rapidly increasing due to the increase in the elderly population. The aim of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the prevalence and incidence of stroke in Europe.
METHOD
We conducted a literature search in MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL Complete and EMBASE, using the keywords "stroke", "cerebrovascular accident", "epidemiology", "prevalence", "incidence" and "Europe". In order to evaluate the quality and risk of bias, we used the Hoy's modified scale for prevalence studies and the Newcastle Ottawa Scale for incidence studies. A random effects model with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) was used for the meta-analysis. The I2 statistic was applied to assess heterogeneity.
RESULTS
The prevalence of stroke in Europe adjusted for sex was estimated at 9.2% (95%CI: 4.4-14.0). The prevalence was 9.1% (95%CI: 4.7-13.6) in men and 9.2% (95%CI: 4.1-14.4) in women, and increased with age. The incidence of stroke in Europe adjusted for sex was 191.9 per 100,000 person-years (95%CI: 156.4-227.3); it was 195.7 per 100,000 person-years (95%CI: 142.4-249.0) in men and 188.1 per 100,000 person-years (95%CI: 138.6-237.7) in women. Again, these rates increased with age.
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of stroke in Europe is 9.2%. The incidence of stroke in Europe is 191.9 per 100,000 person-years. The prevalence of stroke has increased, whereas the incidence of stroke is stable in comparison with studies conducted at the beginning of the 21st century.
Topics: Aged; Cohort Studies; Europe; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Prevalence; Stroke
PubMed: 34751194
DOI: 10.23938/ASSN.0979 -
The Lancet. Gastroenterology &... May 2019Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. Asia is a large, heterogeneous area with substantial variation in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent chronic liver disease worldwide. Asia is a large, heterogeneous area with substantial variation in socioeconomic status and prevalence of obesity. We estimated the prevalence, incidence, and outcomes of NAFLD in the Asian population to assist stakeholders in understanding NAFLD disease burden.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from database inception to Jan 17, 2019, for studies reporting NAFLD prevalence, incidence, or outcome in Asia. We included only cross-sectional and longitudinal observational studies of patients with NAFLD diagnosed by imaging, serum-based indices, or liver biopsy. Studies that included patients with overlapping liver disease or that did not screen for excess alcohol consumption were excluded. Two investigators independently screened and extracted data. The main outcomes were pooled NAFLD prevalence, incidence, and hepatocellular carcinoma incidence and overall mortality in patients with NAFLD. Summary estimates were calculated using a random-effects model. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42018088468.
FINDINGS
Of 4995 records identified, 237 studies (13 044 518 participants) were included for analysis. The overall prevalence of NAFLD regardless of diagnostic method was 29·62% (95% CI 28·13-31·15). NAFLD prevalence increased significantly over time (25·28% [22·42-28·37] between 1999 and 2005, 28·46% [26·70-30·29] between 2006 and 2011, and 33·90% [31·74-36·12] between 2012 and 2017; p<0·0001). The pooled annual NAFLD incidence rate was 50·9 cases per 1000 person-years (95% CI 44·8-57·4). In patients with NAFLD, the annual incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma was 1·8 cases per 1000 person-years (0·8-3·1) and overall mortality rate was 5·3 deaths per 1000 person-years (1·5-11·4).
INTERPRETATION
NAFLD prevalence in Asia is increasing and is associated with poor outcomes including hepatocellular carcinoma and death. Targeted public health strategies must be developed in Asia to target the drivers of this rising epidemic and its associated complications, especially in high-risk groups, such as older obese men.
FUNDING
None.
Topics: Asia; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Humans; Incidence; Liver Neoplasms; Mortality; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Prevalence
PubMed: 30902670
DOI: 10.1016/S2468-1253(19)30039-1 -
Journal of Dental Research May 2015We aimed to consolidate all epidemiologic data about untreated caries and subsequently generate internally consistent prevalence and incidence estimates for all... (Review)
Review
We aimed to consolidate all epidemiologic data about untreated caries and subsequently generate internally consistent prevalence and incidence estimates for all countries, 20 age groups, and both sexes for 1990 and 2010. The systematic search of the literature yielded 18,311 unique citations. After screening titles and abstracts, we excluded 10,461 citations as clearly irrelevant to this systematic review, leaving 1,682 for full-text review. Furthermore, 1,373 publications were excluded following the validity assessment. Overall, 192 studies of 1,502,260 children aged 1 to 14 y in 74 countries and 186 studies of 3,265,546 individuals aged 5 y or older in 67 countries were included in separate metaregressions for untreated caries in deciduous and permanent teeth, respectively, using modeling resources from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. In 2010, untreated caries in permanent teeth was the most prevalent condition worldwide, affecting 2.4 billion people, and untreated caries in deciduous teeth was the 10th-most prevalent condition, affecting 621 million children worldwide. The global age-standardized prevalence and incidence of untreated caries remained static between 1990 and 2010. There is evidence that the burden of untreated caries is shifting from children to adults, with 3 peaks in prevalence at ages 6, 25, and 70 y. Also, there were considerable variations in prevalence and incidence between regions and countries. Policy makers need to be aware of a predictable increasing burden of untreated caries due to population growth and longevity and a significant decrease in the prevalence of total tooth loss throughout the world from 1990 to 2010.
Topics: Age Factors; Cost of Illness; Dental Caries; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Prevalence; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 25740856
DOI: 10.1177/0022034515573272 -
Lancet (London, England) Jan 2018Inclusion health focuses on people in extremely poor health due to poverty, marginalisation, and multimorbidity. We aimed to review morbidity and mortality data on four... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Morbidity and mortality in homeless individuals, prisoners, sex workers, and individuals with substance use disorders in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Inclusion health focuses on people in extremely poor health due to poverty, marginalisation, and multimorbidity. We aimed to review morbidity and mortality data on four overlapping populations who experience considerable social exclusion: homeless populations, individuals with substance use disorders, sex workers, and imprisoned individuals.
METHODS
For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library for studies published between Jan 1, 2005, and Oct 1, 2015. We included only systematic reviews, meta-analyses, interventional studies, and observational studies that had morbidity and mortality outcomes, were published in English, from high-income countries, and were done in populations with a history of homelessness, imprisonment, sex work, or substance use disorder (excluding cannabis and alcohol use). Studies with only perinatal outcomes and studies of individuals with a specific health condition or those recruited from intensive care or high dependency hospital units were excluded. We screened studies using systematic review software and extracted data from published reports. Primary outcomes were measures of morbidity (prevalence or incidence) and mortality (standardised mortality ratios [SMRs] and mortality rates). Summary estimates were calculated using a random effects model.
FINDINGS
Our search identified 7946 articles, of which 337 studies were included for analysis. All-cause standardised mortality ratios were significantly increased in 91 (99%) of 92 extracted datapoints and were 11·86 (95% CI 10·42-13·30; I=94·1%) in female individuals and 7·88 (7·03-8·74; I=99·1%) in men. Summary SMR estimates for the International Classification of Diseases disease categories with two or more included datapoints were highest for deaths due to injury, poisoning, and other external causes, in both men (7·89; 95% CI 6·40-9·37; I=98·1%) and women (18·72; 13·73-23·71; I=91·5%). Disease prevalence was consistently raised across the following categories: infections (eg, highest reported was 90% for hepatitis C, 67 [65%] of 103 individuals for hepatitis B, and 133 [51%] of 263 individuals for latent tuberculosis infection), mental health (eg, highest reported was 9 [4%] of 227 individuals for schizophrenia), cardiovascular conditions (eg, highest reported was 32 [13%] of 247 individuals for coronary heart disease), and respiratory conditions (eg, highest reported was 9 [26%] of 35 individuals for asthma).
INTERPRETATION
Our study shows that homeless populations, individuals with substance use disorders, sex workers, and imprisoned individuals experience extreme health inequities across a wide range of health conditions, with the relative effect of exclusion being greater in female individuals than male individuals. The high heterogeneity between studies should be explored further using improved data collection in population subgroups. The extreme health inequity identified demands intensive cross-sectoral policy and service action to prevent exclusion and improve health outcomes in individuals who are already marginalised.
FUNDING
Wellcome Trust, National Institute for Health Research, NHS England, NHS Research Scotland Scottish Senior Clinical Fellowship, Medical Research Council, Chief Scientist Office, and the Central and North West London NHS Trust.
Topics: Developed Countries; Health Status Disparities; Ill-Housed Persons; Humans; Morbidity; Mortality; Prisoners; Sex Workers; Social Marginalization; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 29137869
DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)31869-X