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Psychiatria Polska Dec 2022The aim of this study was the identification and summary of studies examining the relationship between vitamin D levels and the risk of depression and depressive... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIM
The aim of this study was the identification and summary of studies examining the relationship between vitamin D levels and the risk of depression and depressive symptoms severity, published between January 2008 and January 2019.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A systematic review of literature published within the last 10 years and accessible in PubMed database was conducted by each author separately based on predetermined inclusion criteria.
RESULTS
Out of the 823 studies qualified to the initial abstract analysis, 24 were included into the full-text review and 18 into the meta-analysis. Statistically significant odds ratio was obtained for risk of depression in the course of vitamin D deficiency (OR = 1.51; 95% CI: 1.4-1.62; p < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
The analysis of available literature seems to indicate that there is an association between risk of depression and vitamin D deficiency. However, current literature does not give the possibility to state explicitly what is the exact mechanism and direction of this dependency.
Topics: Humans; Depression; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Vitamins
PubMed: 37098201
DOI: 10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/130992 -
Nutrition Reviews Jun 2023Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health issue, particularly in nursing home residents.
CONTEXT
Vitamin D deficiency is a global public health issue, particularly in nursing home residents.
OBJECTIVE
This review critically summarizes the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in nursing home residents worldwide. In addition, it outlines the effect of vitamin D intervention, alone or in combination with other nutrients or therapies, on improving vitamin D status and associated health outcomes in nursing home residents.
DATA SOURCES, EXTRACTION, AND ANALYSIS
Searches were conducted of electronic databases for articles published from 2010 to May 2021. After screening of the 366 papers initially identified, 58 articles were included.
CONCLUSIONS
A paucity of observational studies in nursing homes suggests a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency ranging from 8% [25(OH)D <25 nmol/L], up to 94% [25(OH)D <50 nmol/L] in some cohorts where supplement use was low. Reported factors associated with deficiency and suboptimal vitamin D status include lack of sunlight exposure, poor dietary intake of vitamin D, limited vitamin D food fortification, frailty, poor renal function, and low use of vitamin D supplements. Residents who are severely deficient, deficient, or insufficient in vitamin D require remedial vitamin D supplementation prior to maintenance supplementation at doses >800 IU/day. High-dose vitamin D supplementation may reduce respiratory illness; however, supportive data are limited. Oral nutritional supplements, in combination with exercise, may benefit physical function and performance, whereas supplementation with vitamin D- and calcium-fortified foods has been associated with improved quality of life and reduced bone resorption. Globally, vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in nursing home residents. There is an urgent need for standardized dietary and supplementation guidelines to prevent deficiency in this vulnerable group.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Quality of Life; Homes for the Aged; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Dietary Supplements; Nursing Homes
PubMed: 36367832
DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac091 -
Nutrients Jan 2023The aim of the present review was to summarize the current evidence about the impact of vitamin D deficiency on pathology and clinical manifestations of Sjögren's... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
The aim of the present review was to summarize the current evidence about the impact of vitamin D deficiency on pathology and clinical manifestations of Sjögren's disease (SD).
METHODS
Databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane library were searched for studies assessing the levels of vitamin D in SD patients using the following keywords: (vitamin D OR calciferol OR cholecalciferol OR 25-hydroxyvitamin D OR 25-hydroxycholecalciferol OR calcidiol OR calcitriol OR 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) AND (Sjögren's Syndrome OR Sjögren's disease) accessed on 20 September 2022. Out of 248 retrieved studies, following the systematic review methodology and defined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 9 clinical studies were eligible to be included in the present review: 4 of them case-control, 4 cross-sectional, and 1 cohort study.
RESULTS
Nine studies totaling 670 SD patients and 857 healthy controls were eligible for meta-analysis with moderate to high methodological quality as determined by the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Scale (NOS). According to the obtained results, a high prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was observed in SD patients when compared to healthy controls (95% CI -10.43, -2.39; < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
Available evidence points to lower levels of vitamin D in patients with SD in comparison to healthy controls. However, further studies are necessary to understand the underlying mechanisms associated with the role of vitamin D in the development and disease severity of SD.
Topics: Humans; Sjogren's Syndrome; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Vitamin D; Vitamins; Calcifediol; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 36771203
DOI: 10.3390/nu15030497 -
International Journal of Nursing Studies Jun 2020Falls often cause unexpected injuries that older adults find difficult to recover from (e.g., hip and other major fractures, intracranial bleeding); therefore, fall... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Falls often cause unexpected injuries that older adults find difficult to recover from (e.g., hip and other major fractures, intracranial bleeding); therefore, fall prevention and interventions are of particular significance.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of multifactorial fall prevention interventions among community-dwelling older adults and compare subgroups that differed in terms of their degree of fall risk and the intensity and components of interventions.
METHODS
An exhaustive systematic literature search was undertaken using the following databases: Ovid-Medline, Ovid-Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Central). Two investigators independently extracted data and assessed the quality of the studies by examining the risk of bias. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials that had been published up to March 31st, 2019, using Review Manager.
RESULTS
Of 1,328 studies, 45 articles were relevant to this study. In total, 29 studies included participants in the high-risk group, 3 in the frail group, and 13 in the healthy older adult group. Additionally, 28 and 17 studies used active and referral multifactorial interventions, respectively. Multifactorial interventions included the following components: exercise, education, environmental modification, medication, mobility aids, and vision and psychological management. Multifactorial interventions significantly reduced fall rates in the high-risk (risk ratio 0.66; 95% confidence interval 0.52-0.84) and healthy groups (risk ratio 0.72; 95% confidence interval 0.58-0.89), when compared to the control group. Active multifactorial interventions (risk ratio 0.64; 95% confidence interval 0.51-0.80) and those featuring exercise (risk ratio 0.66; 95% confidence interval 0.54-0.80) and environmental modification also showed significantly reduced fall rates (risk ratio 0.65; 95% confidence interval 0.54-0.79) compared to usual care. Multifactorial interventions had a significantly lower number of people who experienced falls during the study period compared to usual care in the healthy group (risk ratio 0.77; 95% confidence interval 0.62-0.95). Active multifactorial interventions (risk ratio 0.73; 95% confidence interval 0.60-0.89) and those featuring exercise (risk ratio 0.79; 95% confidence interval 0.66-0.95) and environmental modification (risk ratio 0.80; 95% confidence interval 0.68-0.95) had a significantly lower number of people who experienced falls compared to those receiving usual care.
CONCLUSIONS
Active multifactorial interventions had positive effects on fall rates and the number of people experiencing falls. Thus, healthcare workers, including nurses, should be involved in planning fall prevention programs so that older adults can be provided with optimal care; multifactorial interventions that include exercise and environmental modification are particularly effective in reducing falls.
Topics: Accidental Falls; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Exercise; Humans; Independent Living; Program Development; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 32272282
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2020.103564 -
Hormones (Athens, Greece) Dec 2023PURPOSE : Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic, sleep-related breathing disorder which leads to increased cardiovascular risks. Vitamin D deficiency is... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
UNLABELLED
PURPOSE : Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a chronic, sleep-related breathing disorder which leads to increased cardiovascular risks. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with various cardiometabolic complications, including increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. We aimed to analyze the difference in serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) level, prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency, and the effect of CPAP treatment on serum 25-OHD levels among adult patients with OSA.
METHODS
We pooled data from 18 observational studies involving 5592 individuals. Baseline parameters that might have contributed to the significant differences observed were also analyzed.
RESULTS
Patients with OSA had significantly lower serum 25-OHD levels (pooled d + - 0.74 [95% CI: - 1.19 to - 0.28], p < 0.01) and higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (pooled log (odds ratio) 0.98 [95% CI: 0.30 to 1.67], p < 0.01) compared to those without OSA. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that these differences were significant only in moderate OSA and severe OSA. Neither age nor BMI nor geographical latitude contributed significantly to the differences observed in serum 25-OHD levels. The use of CPAP did not lead to significant changes in serum 25-OHD levels.
CONCLUSION
Patients with OSA have lower serum 25-OHD levels with a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency, regardless of age or BMI, pointing to an independent association between vitamin D and OSA.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive; Vitamins
PubMed: 37704922
DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00481-3 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2022There is still limited evidence regarding the influence of vitamin D in people with COVID-19. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we analyze the association... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
There is still limited evidence regarding the influence of vitamin D in people with COVID-19. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we analyze the association between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 severity, via an analysis of the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency in people with the disease. Five online databases-Embase, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect and pre-print Medrevix were searched. The inclusion criteria were observational studies measuring serum vitamin D in adult and elderly subjects with COVID-19. The main outcome was the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in severe cases of COVID-19. We carried out a meta-analysis with random effect measures. We identified 1542 articles and selected 27. Vitamin D deficiency was not associated with a higher chance of infection by COVID-19 (OR = 1.35; 95% CI = 0.80-1.88), but we identified that severe cases of COVID-19 present 64% (OR = 1.64; 95% CI = 1.30-2.09) more vitamin D deficiency compared with mild cases. A vitamin D concentration insufficiency increased hospitalization (OR = 1.81, 95% CI = 1.41-2.21) and mortality from COVID-19 (OR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.06-2.58). We observed a positive association between vitamin D deficiency and the severity of the disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; COVID-19; Humans; SARS-CoV-2; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency; Vitamins
PubMed: 33146028
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1841090 -
Autoimmunity Reviews Feb 2024Vitamin D plays a critical role in immunomodulation, and its deficiency is implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, its relationship... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Vitamin D plays a critical role in immunomodulation, and its deficiency is implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune diseases. Nevertheless, its relationship with non-infectious uveitis (NIU), an inflammatory ocular disorder, remains inconclusive.
METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in three databases from database inception until May 8, 2023, to investigate the potential relationship between vitamin D deficiency and NIU. We included observational studies reporting the measurement of vitamin D levels in patients with NIU and healthy controls without restriction of language or date of publication. Three pairs of authors independently screened the title and abstracts for potential eligibility and then in full text. A third author resolved disagreements. Three pairs of independent reviewers abstracted the data from the fully reviewed records and evaluated the risk of bias. We followed The MOOSE and PRISMA guidelines. Random effects meta-analyses were used for primary analysis. Studies not included in the meta-analysis were summarized descriptively. This review was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42022308105.
FINDINGS
Of 933 records screened, 11 studies were included, and five were meta-analyzed, encompassing 354 cases and 5728 controls (mean participant age ranging from 7.1 to 58.9 years). Patients with vitamin D deficiency exhibited an Odds Ratio of 2.04 (95% CI = 1.55-2.68, P < 0.00001) for developing NIU compared to controls. Overall, potential sources of bias were low across most studies.
INTERPRETATION
Our findings suggest that vitamin D may play an essential role in the pathophysiology of NIU. While the included studies demonstrated generally low potential bias, additional rigorous prospective studies are necessary to confirm these findings and further elucidate the underlying mechanisms involved. Vitamin D supplementation could represent a possible therapeutic strategy for preventing or managing NIU if substantiated. Clinicians should consider screening for and addressing vitamin D deficiency in patients with or at risk for NIU.
Topics: Humans; Uveitis; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 38052262
DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103497 -
Reviews in Endocrine & Metabolic... Oct 2022Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increase in the occurrence of cardiometabolic events, but the evidence of this relationship in adolescence is still limited.... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with an increase in the occurrence of cardiometabolic events, but the evidence of this relationship in adolescence is still limited. Thus, we analyzed the association between vitamin D deficiency and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. Observational studies were searching in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Lilacs, and Google Scholar database. Random effects models were used to summarize standardized mean differences for as a summary measure. The certainty of the evidence was verified using the Cochrane recommendations. A total of 7537 studies were identified, of which 32 were included in the systematic review and 24 in the meta-analysis.Vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased systolic pressure (SMD = 0.22; 95%CI = 0.10; 0.34), diastolic pressure (SMD = 0.23; 95%CI = 0.10; 0.35), glycemia (SMD = 0.13; 95%CI = 0.05; 0.12), and insulin (SMD = 0.50; 95%CI = 0.15; 0.84), an increase in the HOMA index (SMD = 0.48; 95%CI = 0.36; 0.60), high triglyceride values (SMD = 0.30; 95%CI = 0.11; 0.49), and reduced HDL concentrations (SMD= -0.25; 95%CI = -0.46; -0.04). No statistically significant association was observed for glycated hemoglobin, LDL cholesterol, and total cholesterol. Most of the studies presented low and moderate risks of bias, respectively. The certainty of the evidence was very low for all the outcomes analyzed. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with increased exposure to the factors linked to the occurrence of cardiometabolic diseases in adolescents. Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO (record number 42,018,086,298).
Topics: Adolescent; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, LDL; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Insulin; Risk Factors; Triglycerides; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 35713809
DOI: 10.1007/s11154-022-09736-7 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2022Prenatal exposure to vitamin D may play a significant role in human brain development and function. Previous epidemiological studies investigating the associations... (Review)
Review
Prenatal exposure to vitamin D may play a significant role in human brain development and function. Previous epidemiological studies investigating the associations between maternal vitamin D status and offspring developmental and psychiatric outcomes in humans have been inconclusive. We aimed to systematically assess the results of previously published studies that examined the associations between maternal vitamin D levels, measured as circulating 25(OH)D levels in pregnancy or at birth, and offspring neuropsychiatric and psychiatric outcomes. Systematic searches were conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, PsychINFO and Web of Science for studies published by 10 August 2022. We included human observational studies that examined associations between prenatal or perinatal vitamin D levels and offspring neuropsychiatric and psychiatric outcomes and were published in English in peer-reviewed journals. Of the 3729 studies identified, 66 studies were screened for full texts and 29 studies published between 2003 and 2022 were included in the final review. There was a small amount of evidence for the association between prenatal vitamin D deficiency and autism spectrum disorder. When studies with larger sample sizes and stricter definitions of vitamin D deficiency were considered, positive associations were also found for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia. Future studies with larger sample sizes, longer follow-up periods and prenatal vitamin D assessed at multiple time points are needed.
Topics: Pregnancy; Infant, Newborn; Female; Humans; Vitamin D; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Vitamins; Vitamin D Deficiency; Family; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
PubMed: 36613505
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010063 -
Maturitas Dec 2016There is a biologically plausible association between low vitamin D, specifically serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level, and frailty. We conducted a systematic... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
There is a biologically plausible association between low vitamin D, specifically serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level, and frailty. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to describe the association between low 25(OH)D level and frailty. We searched literature in OVID (Medline), EMBASE, Web of Knowledge and Cochrane CENTRAL Library Issue in May 2016, for cohort studies evaluating association of low 25(OH)D level with the risk of frailty. Studies were reviewed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses(PRISMA) guidelines. A total of seven studies(17,815 participants)were eligible in our study. The prevalence of frailty ranged from 3.9% to 31.9%. The pooled OR of frailty for the lowest versus the highest level of vitamin D was 1.27 (95% CI=1.17-1.38, I=59%), suggesting that low level of vitamin D was significantly associated with the risk of frailty. In addition, results of subgroups analysis indicated that low level of vitamin D was significantly associated with the risk of frailty in female (pooled OR=1.27, 95% CI=1.15-1.40). Similar result was also found when frailty was defined by the Fried criteria or the modified Fried criteria (pooled OR=1.25, 95% CI=1.14-1.37), and FRAIL scale (pooled OR=1.55, 95% CI=1.07-2.25). Compared to the highest level of 25(OH)D, the association between frailty and the lowest level of 25(OH)D was significant in our study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Female; Frail Elderly; Humans; Prevalence; Vitamin D; Vitamin D Deficiency
PubMed: 27823748
DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2016.09.003