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The Cochrane Database of Systematic... Jun 2017Managing children is a challenge that many dentists face. Many non-pharmacological techniques have been developed to manage anxiety and behavioural problems in children,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Managing children is a challenge that many dentists face. Many non-pharmacological techniques have been developed to manage anxiety and behavioural problems in children, such us: 'tell, show & do', positive reinforcement, modelling and hypnosis. The use of hypnosis is generally an overlooked area, hence the need for this review.
OBJECTIVES
This systematic review attempted to answer the question: What is the effectiveness of hypnosis (with or without sedation) for behaviour management of children who are receiving dental care in order to allow successful completion of treatment?Null hypothesis: Hypnosis has no effect on the outcome of dental treatment of children.
SEARCH METHODS
We searched the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE (OVID), and PsycINFO. Electronic and manual searches were performed using controlled vocabulary and free text terms with no language restrictions. Date of last search: 11th June 2010.
SELECTION CRITERIA
All children and adolescents aged up to 16 years of age. Children having any dental treatment, such as: simple restorative treatment with or without local anaesthetic, simple extractions or management of dental trauma.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Information regarding methods, participants, interventions, outcome measures and results were independently extracted, in duplicate, by two review authors. Authors of trials were contacted for details of randomisation and withdrawals and a quality assessment was carried out. The methodological quality of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed using the criteria described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions 5.0.2.
MAIN RESULTS
Only three RCTs (with 69 participants) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Statistical analysis and meta-analysis were not possible due to insufficient number of studies.
AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS
Although there are a considerable number of anecdotal accounts indicating the benefits of using hypnosis in paediatric dentistry, on the basis of the three studies meeting the inclusion criteria for this review there is not yet enough evidence to suggest its beneficial effects.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Anxiety; Dental Care; Humans; Hypnosis; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 28632910
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD007154.pub3 -
Frontiers in Psychology 2022Researchers' interest in the learning of vocabulary from word cards has grown alongside the increasing number of studies published on this topic. While meta-analyses or...
Researchers' interest in the learning of vocabulary from word cards has grown alongside the increasing number of studies published on this topic. While meta-analyses or systematic reviews have been previously performed, the types of word cards investigated, and the number of word card studies analyzed were limited. To address these issues, a research synthesis was conducted to provide an inclusive and comprehensive picture of how the use of word cards by learners results in vocabulary learning. A search of the Web of Science and Scopus databases resulted in 803 potential studies, of which 32 aligned with the inclusion criteria. Coding of these studies based on an extensive coding scheme found most studies assessed receptive vocabulary knowledge more often than productive vocabulary knowledge, and knowledge of vocabulary form and meaning were assessed more often than knowledge of vocabulary use. Results of effect size plots showed that more of the reviewed studies showed larger effects for the use of paper word cards than digital word cards, and for the use of ready-made word cards than self-constructed word cards. Results also indicated more studies showed larger effects for using word cards in an intentional learning condition compared with an incidental learning condition, and for using word cards in a massed learning condition compared with a spaced learning condition. Although a correlation was found between time spent using word cards and vocabulary learning outcomes, this correlation was not statistically significant. Learners that were more proficient in English learned more words from using word cards than those less proficient. These results suggest that future researchers should report learner proficiency, adopt reliable tests to assess vocabulary learning outcomes, compare the effectiveness of ready-made word cards and self-constructed word cards, and investigate the learning of different aspects of word knowledge. Teachers should provide learners guidance in how to use word cards and target word selection for self-construction of word cards. In addition, teachers should encourage learners to create word cards for incidentally encountered unknown words and use massed learning when initially working with these new words before using spaced learning for later retrieval practice.
PubMed: 36148102
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.984211 -
JAMA Otolaryngology-- Head & Neck... Mar 2016The incidence of depression in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) is estimated to be as high as 40%. Previous studies have demonstrated an effect of depression on... (Review)
Review
IMPORTANCE
The incidence of depression in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) is estimated to be as high as 40%. Previous studies have demonstrated an effect of depression on rehabilitation and survival in the posttreatment period.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the relationship between depression and survival in patients with HNC undergoing curative treatment.
EVIDENCE REVIEW
A search of electronic databases as well as gray literature was undertaken from January 1, 1974, to August 20, 2014, including MEDLINE (via Ovid), EMBASE (via Ovid), CINAHL, EBSCO, PsycINFO (via Ovid), Elsevier Scopus, and Institute for Scientific Information Web of Science Core Collection, using controlled vocabulary and medical subject headings representing HNC, depression, and survival. Articles in these databases were reviewed for inclusion by 2 independent reviewers according to predetermined eligibility criteria and were adjudicated by a third reviewer. The articles were then quantitatively scored using the GRACE (Good Research for Comparative Effectiveness) tool, a validated instrument for assessing the quality of observational studies. Qualitative assessment of each article was then undertaken.
FINDINGS
A total of 654 references were retrieved across all databases. A review of the abstracts and full texts identified 3 articles, each describing a distinct, single study, including a total of 431 patients, that were eligible for analysis. Scores for the articles as assessed with the GRACE tool ranged from 9 to 11. In each of the 3 studies used in the analysis, the comparison groups were depressed and nondepressed patients as established by a standardized psychiatric assessment tool. Two of the 3 studies demonstrated a statistically significant difference in survival for patients with HNC and depression; however, a sensitivity analysis was not possible due to the incompatible statistical analyses performed in each study.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
An association between depression and survival in patients with HNC is apparent; however, the strength and etiology of this association is not yet clear. Further directed and multi-institutional study is required to investigate this association and determine appropriate screening and management strategies.
Topics: Depression; Global Health; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Incidence; Survival Rate
PubMed: 26796781
DOI: 10.1001/jamaoto.2015.3171 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Oct 2023: This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis comparing the effects of corticotomy and flapless piezocision on accelerated tooth movement. : A comprehensive search using... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
: This study aimed to perform a meta-analysis comparing the effects of corticotomy and flapless piezocision on accelerated tooth movement. : A comprehensive search using a combination of controlled vocabulary (MeSH) and free-text terms was undertaken by two reviewers to identify published systematic reviews. Three major electronic databases (Medline via PubMed, Cochrane Database, and Embase) were searched up to 2 June 2023. : The results of the meta-analysis showed that the pooled standardized mean difference values of accumulative movement distances for flapless piezocision were 1.43 (95% CI, 0.38 to 2.48; < 0.01), 1.09 (95% CI, -0.08 to 2.26; = 0.07), and 0.73 (95% CI, -0.58 to 4.02; = 0.14). The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that the pooled SMD values of accumulative movement distances for the corticotomy were 2.76 (95% CI, 0.18 to 5.34; = 0.04), 1.43 (95% CI, -1.10 to 3.96; = 0.27), and 4.78 (95% CI, -4.54 to 14.10; = 0.32). Although the test for overall effectiveness was significant for piezocision and corticotomy, there were no significant differences between piezocision and corticotomy. : The study determined that both conventional corticotomy and flapless piezosurgery are effective as adjuncts to orthodontic treatment. Moreover, no significant difference was observed in the short-term effectiveness of canine retraction acceleration between conventional corticotomy and flapless piezocision. While piezocision may be a favorable option for orthodontic treatment, corticotomy can be considered in cases requiring additional procedures such as bone grafting.
Topics: Humans; Tooth Movement Techniques; Dental Care; Piezosurgery; Bone Transplantation; Databases, Factual
PubMed: 37893522
DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101804 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common type of thyroid disease and can cause many different manifestations. The local symptoms of HT are an under-studied area... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
OBJECTIVE
Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is the most common type of thyroid disease and can cause many different manifestations. The local symptoms of HT are an under-studied area of research. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the local symptoms of HT and their prevalence.
METHODS
A systematic review was performed to find articles in PubMed that discuss the local symptoms of HT. Relevant vocabulary terms and key terms included: autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, neck, throat, pharynx, airway, esophagus, breathe, swallow, globus, sleep apnea, symptoms, and quality of life. Two investigators independently screened the eligible studies.
RESULTS
A total of 54 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Of these, 25 were clinical studies, 24 were case reports, and five were reviews. These clinical studies and case reports included a total of 2660 HT patients. There were eight local symptoms related to HT: neck pain (0.02%~16%), voice changes (7%~30%), throat discomfort (20%~43.7%), shortness of breath (28%~50%), dysphagia (29%), goiter-related symptoms (69.44%), sleep apnea, and generally defined compressive symptoms. Due to the use of different outcome measures among all the studies, a meta-analysis of the data could not be performed.
CONCLUSION
Goiter symptoms, which are an item on the ThyPRO scales, are the most frequent local symptoms in HT patients, and include neck pain, voice changes, throat discomfort, and dysphagia. These local symptoms should be identified in the clinic and included in the early diagnosis and management of HT, as well as evaluated further to understand their relevance in the pathogenesis of HT.
Topics: Humans; Deglutition Disorders; Goiter; Hashimoto Disease; Neck Pain; Quality of Life
PubMed: 36743914
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1076793 -
Maternal & Child Nutrition Jul 2020Household food insecurity (HFI) is a powerful stressor negatively associated with early childhood development (ECD). However, no comprehensive review has examined the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Household food insecurity (HFI) is a powerful stressor negatively associated with early childhood development (ECD). However, no comprehensive review has examined the association of HFI and ECD. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the association between HFI and ECD domains and subdomains in children under 5 years old. Peer-reviewed and grey literature were systematically searched in electronic databases with no year or language restrictions. Studies were eligible if they assessed the association between HFI and one or more ECD domains. Data were extracted using a standard predefined protocol. Meta-analysis was performed, and the heterogeneity across studies was explored. Nineteen studies were included in the systematic review and 14 in the meta-analysis. Of the studies, 15 were from high income countries (HICs) and four from low-middle income countries (LMICs). For developmental risk and the cognitive/math and cognitive/school readiness and reading subdomains, the only studies available were conducted in HICs. The meta-analysis showed that HFI was associated with developmental risk (OR 1.28; 95% CI [1.14, 1.45]), cognitive/vocabulary (OR 0.94; 95% CI [0.90, 0.98]), and cognitive/math (OR 0.84; 95% CI [0.73, 0.96]). HFI was marginally associated with cognitive/school readiness and reading (OR 0.91; 95% CI [0.82, 1.00]) and motor development (OR; 0.91, 95% CI [0.80, 1.04]). HFI was associated with poor ECD in children under 5 years old. Specifically, HFI was associated with developmental risk and poor math skills in studies conducted in HICs and with poor vocabulary skills in studies conducted in both HICs and LMICs. Prospective studies examining HFI and ECD are needed in LMICs.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Developing Countries; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Food Insecurity; Humans; Infant; Male; Socioeconomic Factors
PubMed: 32052571
DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12967 -
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2022Responsive neurostimulation is an evolving therapeutic option for patients with treatment-refractory epilepsy. Open-loop, continuous stimulation of the anterior thalamic... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Responsive neurostimulation is an evolving therapeutic option for patients with treatment-refractory epilepsy. Open-loop, continuous stimulation of the anterior thalamic nuclei is the only approved modality, yet chronic stimulation rarely induces complete seizure remission and is associated with neuropsychiatric adverse effects. Accounts of off-label responsive stimulation in thalamic nuclei describe significant improvements in patients who have failed multiple drug regimens, vagal nerve stimulation, and other invasive measures. This systematic review surveys the currently available data supporting the use of responsive thalamic neurostimulation in primary and secondary generalized, treatment-refractory epilepsy.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic review was performed using the following combination of keywords and controlled vocabulary: ("Seizures"[Mesh] AND "Thalamus"[Mesh] AND "Deep Brain Stimulation"[Mesh]) OR (responsive neurostim* AND (thalamus[MeSH])) OR [responsive neurostimulation AND thalamus AND (epilepsy OR seizures)]. In addition, a search of the publications listed under the PubMed "cited by" tab was performed for all publications that passed title/abstract screening in addition to manually searching their reference lists.
RESULTS
Ten publications were identified describing a total of 29 subjects with a broad range of epilepsy disorders treated with closed-loop thalamic neurostimulation. The median age of subjects was 31 years old (range 10-65 years). Of the 29 subjects, 15 were stimulated in the anterior, 11 in the centromedian, and 3 in the pulvinar nuclei. Excluding 5 subjects who were treated for 1 month or less, median time on stimulation was 19 months (range 2.4-54 months). Of these subjects, 17/24 experienced greater than or equal to 50%, 11/24 least 75%, and 9/24 at least 90% reduction in seizures. Although a minority of patients did not exhibit significant clinical improvement by follow-up, there was a general trend of increasing treatment efficacy with longer periods on closed-loop thalamic stimulation.
CONCLUSION
The data supporting off-label closed-loop thalamic stimulation for refractory epilepsy is limited to 29 adult and pediatric patients, many of whom experienced significant improvement in seizure duration and frequency. This encouraging progress must be verified in larger studies.
PubMed: 35865353
DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.910345 -
Eating disorder symptomatology among transgender individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of Eating Disorders May 2023The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the literature on eating disorders and eating disorder symptomatology among transgender... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the literature on eating disorders and eating disorder symptomatology among transgender individuals and to summarize the existing literature on gender-affirming treatment and the prevalence of eating disorder symptomatology.
METHOD
The literature search for this systematic review and meta-analysis was performed in PubMed, Embase.com, and Ovid APA PsycInfo. We searched for "eating disorders" and "transgender" using both controlled vocabularies and natural language terms for their synonyms. The PRISMA statement guidelines were followed. Quantitative data from studies on transgender individuals and eating disorders assessed with relevant assessment tools was included.
RESULTS
Twenty-four studies were included for the qualitative synthesis, and 14 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The results revealed higher levels of eating disorder symptomatology among transgender individuals compared with cisgender individuals, especially cisgender men. Transgender men tend to display higher levels of eating disorder symptomatology than transgender women; however, transgender women seem to have higher levels of eating disorder symptomatology than cisgender men and, interestingly, this study also noted a trend toward transgender men having higher levels of eating disorders than cisgender women. Gender-affirming treatment seems to alleviate the presence of eating disorder symptomatology in transgender individuals.
DISCUSSION
The body of research on this subject is extremely limited, and transgender individuals are underrepresented in the eating disorder literature. More research investigating eating disorders and eating disorder symptomatology in transgender individuals and the relationship between gender-affirming treatment and eating disorder symptomatology is needed.
PubMed: 37237320
DOI: 10.1186/s40337-023-00806-y -
Journal of Cancer Survivorship :... Dec 2021Cancer caregivers play a vital role in the care and health decision-making of cancer survivors. Consequently, their health literacy levels may be particularly important,... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
Cancer caregivers play a vital role in the care and health decision-making of cancer survivors. Consequently, their health literacy levels may be particularly important, as low levels may impede adequate care provision. As such, the current review aimed to systematically examine the literature on health literacy amongst cancer caregivers.
METHODS
We systematically searched the following databases using controlled vocabulary and free-text terms: PsychINFO, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL and Web of Science. Peer-reviewed empirical studies that explicitly measured and reported cancer caregiver health literacy levels were included.
RESULTS
The search yielded six articles consisting of 593 cancer caregivers exploring health literacy and eHealth literacy. There was substantial variation in health literacy measurement tools used across included studies, precluding the possibility of conducting a meta-analysis. The included articles reported significant associations (limited to single studies) between caregiver health/eHealth literacy and (i) cancer survivor demographics, (ii) caregivers' communication style, (iii) caregiver Internet access and (iv) caregiver coping strategies.
CONCLUSIONS
Findings highlight a need for future longitudinal research regarding cancer caregiver health literacy incorporating more standardized and population-specific measurement approaches. In particular, there is a pressing need to investigate factors associated with cancer caregiver health literacy to inform the development/delivery of future interventions.
IMPLICATIONS FOR CANCER SURVIVORS
Future high-quality research which investigates the factors which contribute towards sub-optimal health literacy amongst cancer caregivers would aid in the development of appropriate and effective health literacy interventions in these groups. Such interventions would allow this important group to provide appropriate support to cancer survivors and enhance survivors' engagement in their health and wellbeing.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Caregivers; Health Literacy; Humans; Neoplasms; Survivors
PubMed: 33409857
DOI: 10.1007/s11764-020-00975-8 -
Intensive Care Medicine Apr 2020Sepsis survivors have a higher risk of rehospitalisation and of long-term mortality. We assessed the rate, diagnosis, and independent predictors for rehospitalisation in... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
PURPOSE
Sepsis survivors have a higher risk of rehospitalisation and of long-term mortality. We assessed the rate, diagnosis, and independent predictors for rehospitalisation in adult sepsis survivors.
METHODS
We searched for non-randomized studies and randomized clinical trials in MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and EMBASE (OVID interface, 1992-October 2019). The search strategy used controlled vocabulary terms and text words for sepsis and hospital readmission, limited to humans, and English language. Two authors independently selected studies and extracted data using predefined criteria and data extraction forms.
RESULTS
The literature search identified 12,544 records. Among 56 studies (36 full and 20 conference abstracts) that met our inclusion criteria, all were non-randomised studies. Studies most often report 30-day rehospitalisation rate (mean 21.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 17.6-25.4%; N = 36 studies reporting 6,729,617 patients). The mean (95%CI) rehospitalisation rates increased from 9.3% (8.3-10.3%) by 7 days to 39.0% (22.0-59.4%) by 365 days. Infection was the most common rehospitalisation diagnosis. Risk factors that increased the rehospitalisation risk in sepsis survivors were generic characteristics such as older age, male, comorbidities, non-elective admissions, hospitalisation prior to index sepsis admission, and sepsis characteristics such as infection and illness severity, with hospital characteristics showing inconsistent associations. The overall certainty of evidence was moderate for rehospitalisation rates and low for risk factors.
CONCLUSIONS
Rehospitalisation events are common in sepsis survivors, with one in five rehospitalisation events occurring within 30 days of hospital discharge following an index sepsis admission. The generic and sepsis-specific characteristics at index sepsis admission are commonly reported risk factors for rehospitalisation.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD 42016039257, registered on 14-06-2016.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Humans; Male; Patient Discharge; Patient Readmission; Risk Factors; Sepsis; Survivors
PubMed: 31974919
DOI: 10.1007/s00134-019-05908-3