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Current Opinion in Plant Biology Apr 2021Expression of insect-targeted RNA interference (RNAi) constructs in transgenic plants is a promising approach for agricultural pest control. Compared to conventional... (Review)
Review
Expression of insect-targeted RNA interference (RNAi) constructs in transgenic plants is a promising approach for agricultural pest control. Compared to conventional chemical insecticides, RNAi target specificity is high and the potential for negative environmental effects is low. However, although numerous laboratory studies show insect growth inhibition by double stranded RNA or artificial microRNA, few of these constructs have been moved into commercial application as genetically engineered plants. Variation in RNA degradation, uptake, processing, and systemic transport in insects can influence interspecific and intraspecific differences in RNAi efficacy and the development of resistance to RNAi in agricultural settings. Further research is needed, both to identify optimal gene targets for efficient RNAi in pest species and to reduce the potential for off-target effects in beneficial species.
Topics: Animals; Insecta; Plants, Genetically Modified; RNA Interference; RNA, Double-Stranded; RNA, Plant
PubMed: 33639339
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102029 -
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews Sep 2017Since the approval of bevacizumab as anti-angiogenic therapy in 2004 by the FDA, an array of angiogenesis inhibitors have been developed and approved. However, results... (Review)
Review
Since the approval of bevacizumab as anti-angiogenic therapy in 2004 by the FDA, an array of angiogenesis inhibitors have been developed and approved. However, results were disappointing with regard to their therapeutic efficacy. RNA interference approaches offer the possibility of rational design with high specificity, lacking in many current drug treatments for various diseases including cancer. However, in vivo delivery issues still represent a significant obstacle for widespread clinical applications. In the current review, we summarize the advances in the last decade in the field of angiogenesis-targeted RNA interference approaches, with special emphasis on oncology applications. We present pro-angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors as potential targets, experimental evidence and clinical trials data on angiogenesis regulation by RNA interference. Consequent challenges and opportunities are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; Neovascularization, Pathologic; RNA Interference
PubMed: 28163106
DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.01.008 -
The New Phytologist Jul 2021Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) technology has emerged as a powerful alternative to chemical treatments for protecting plants from pathogens or pests. More than 170... (Review)
Review
Host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) technology has emerged as a powerful alternative to chemical treatments for protecting plants from pathogens or pests. More than 170 HIGS studies have been published so far, and HIGS products have been launched. First, we discuss the strengths and limitations of this technology in a pathosystem-specific context. Next, we highlight the requirement for fundamental knowledge on the molecular mechanisms (i.e. uptake, processing and translocation of transgene-expressed double-stranded RNAs) that determine the efficacy and specificity of HIGS. Additionally, we speculate on the contribution of host and target RNA interference machineries, which may be incompatible depending on the lifestyle of the pathogen or pest. Finally, we predict that closing these gaps in knowledge will lead to the development of novel integrative concepts, precise risk assessment and tailor-made HIGS therapy for plant diseases.
Topics: Gene Silencing; Plant Diseases; Plants; RNA Interference; RNA, Double-Stranded
PubMed: 33774815
DOI: 10.1111/nph.17364 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Nov 2018Genomes are under constant threat of invasion by transposable elements and other genomic parasites. How can host genomes recognize these elements and target them for... (Review)
Review
Genomes are under constant threat of invasion by transposable elements and other genomic parasites. How can host genomes recognize these elements and target them for degradation? This requires a system that is highly adaptable, and at the same time highly specific. Current data suggest that perturbation of transcription patterns by transposon insertions could be detected by the RNAi surveillance pathway. Multiple transposon insertions might generate sufficient amounts of primal small RNAs to initiate generation of secondary small RNAs and silencing. At the same time primal small RNAs need to be constantly degraded to reduce the level of noise small RNAs below the threshold required for initiation of silencing. Failure in RNA degradation results in loss of fidelity of small RNA pathways and silencing of ectopic targets.This article is part of the theme issue '5' and 3' modifications controlling RNA degradation'.
Topics: DNA Transposable Elements; Eukaryota; RNA; RNA Interference
PubMed: 30397104
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0168 -
Archives of Insect Biochemistry and... Feb 2019Whiteflies cause considerable losses to crops, directly by feeding, and indirectly by transmission of viruses. The current control methods consist of a combination of... (Review)
Review
Whiteflies cause considerable losses to crops, directly by feeding, and indirectly by transmission of viruses. The current control methods consist of a combination of different control tactics, mainly still relying on unsafe and non-ecofriendly chemical control. RNA interference (RNAi) is a post-transcriptional gene-silencing strategy in which double-stranded RNA (dsRNA), corresponding specifically to a target gene, is introduced in a target organism. Research on RNAi in the previous decade has shown its success as a potential insect control strategy, which can be highly species-specific and environment friendly. In whiteflies, the success of dsRNA delivery through the oral route opened possibilities for its management through plant-mediated RNAi. To date, several genes have been targeted in whiteflies through RNAi and these assays demonstrated its potential to manage whiteflies at lab level. However, further research and investments are needed to move toward an application at field level. In this review, for the first time, we collected the literature on genes targeted for silencing via RNAi in whiteflies and discuss the potential of RNAi in whitefly pest control. We also discuss likely delivery methods, including transgenic in planta delivery and symbiont-mediated delivery, and its potential for studying and interfering with insecticide resistance mechanisms and virus transmission by whiteflies.
Topics: Animals; Hemiptera; Insect Control; RNA Interference
PubMed: 30484903
DOI: 10.1002/arch.21522 -
Practical Neurology Apr 2018Many genetic neurological diseases result from the dysfunction of single proteins. Genetic therapies aim to modify these disease-associated proteins by targeting the RNA... (Review)
Review
Many genetic neurological diseases result from the dysfunction of single proteins. Genetic therapies aim to modify these disease-associated proteins by targeting the RNA and DNA precursors. This review provides a brief overview of the main types of genetic therapies, with a focus on antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and RNA interference (RNAi). We use examples of new genetic therapies for spinal muscular atrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy and familial amyloid polyneuropathy to highlight the different mechanisms of action of ASOs and RNAi.
Topics: Genetic Therapy; Humans; Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense; RNA Interference
PubMed: 29455156
DOI: 10.1136/practneurol-2017-001764 -
Nature Chemical Biology Jun 2022
Topics: RNA Interference; Nicotiana
PubMed: 35618932
DOI: 10.1038/s41589-022-01058-8 -
Phytopathology Sep 2023Plant viruses infect a wide range of commercially important crop plants and cause significant crop production losses worldwide. Numerous alterations in plant physiology...
Plant viruses infect a wide range of commercially important crop plants and cause significant crop production losses worldwide. Numerous alterations in plant physiology related to the reprogramming of gene expression may result from viral infections. Although conventional integrated pest management-based strategies have been effective in reducing the impact of several viral diseases, continued emergence of new viruses and strains, expanding host ranges, and emergence of resistance-breaking strains necessitate a sustained effort toward the development and application of new approaches for virus management that would complement existing tactics. RNA interference-based techniques, and more recently, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-based genome editing technologies have paved the way for precise targeting of viral transcripts and manipulation of viral genomes and host factors. In-depth knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of disease would further expand the applicability of these recent methods. Advances in next-generation/high-throughput sequencing have made possible more intensive studies into host-virus interactions. Utilizing the omics data and its application has the potential to expedite fast-tracking traditional plant breeding methods, as well as applying modern molecular tools for trait enhancement, including virus resistance. Here, we summarize the recent developments in the CRISPR/Cas system, transcriptomics, endogenous RNA interference, and exogenous application of dsRNA in virus disease management.
Topics: CRISPR-Cas Systems; RNA Interference; Multiomics; Plant Diseases; Plant Breeding; Plants; Plant Viruses; Virus Diseases; Disease Management; Genome, Plant
PubMed: 37486077
DOI: 10.1094/PHYTO-01-23-0002-V -
Molecular Cancer Jul 2017RNA interference (RNAi), a newly developed method in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, has recently received considerable research attention. In the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
RNA interference (RNAi), a newly developed method in which RNA molecules inhibit gene expression, has recently received considerable research attention. In the development of RNAi-based therapies, nanoparticles, which have distinctive size effects along with facile modification strategies and are capable of mediating effective RNAi with targeting potential, are attracting extensive interest.
OBJECTIVE
This review presents an overview of the mechanisms of RNAi molecules in gene therapy and the different nanoparticles used to deliver RNAi molecules; briefly describes the current uses of RNAi in cancer therapy along with the nano-based delivery of RNA molecules in previous studies; and highlights some other carriers that have been applied in clinical settings. Finally, we discuss the nano-based delivery of RNAi therapeutics in preclinical development, including the current status and limitations of anti-cancer treatment.
CONCLUSION
With the growing number of RNAi therapeutics entering the clinical phase, various nanocarriers are expected to play important roles in the delivery of RNAi molecules for cancer therapeutics.
Topics: Drug Delivery Systems; Genetic Therapy; Humans; Nanoparticles; Neoplasms; RNA Interference
PubMed: 28754120
DOI: 10.1186/s12943-017-0683-y -
The New England Journal of Medicine Oct 2023
Topics: Humans; RNA Interference; Hypertension; Hypertension, Renal
PubMed: 37819964
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMc2310167