-
Veterinary Pathology Mar 2021Counting mitotic figures (MF) in hematoxylin and eosin-stained histologic sections is an integral part of the diagnostic pathologist's tumor evaluation. The mitotic...
Counting mitotic figures (MF) in hematoxylin and eosin-stained histologic sections is an integral part of the diagnostic pathologist's tumor evaluation. The mitotic count (MC) is used alone or as part of a grading scheme for assessment of prognosis and clinical decisions. Determining MCs is subjective, somewhat laborious, and has interobserver variation. Proposals for standardizing this parameter in the veterinary field are limited to terminology (use of the term MC) and area (MC is counted in an area measuring 2.37 mm). Digital imaging techniques are now commonplace and widely used among veterinary pathologists, and field of view area can be easily calculated with digital imaging software. In addition to standardizing the methods of counting MF, the morphologic characteristics of MF and distinguishing atypical mitotic figures (AMF) versus mitotic-like figures (MLF) need to be defined. This article provides morphologic criteria for MF identification and for distinguishing normal phases of MF from AMF and MLF. Pertinent features of digital microscopy and application of computational pathology (CPATH) methods are discussed. Correct identification of MF will improve MC consistency, reproducibility, and accuracy obtained from manual (glass slide or whole-slide imaging) and CPATH approaches.
Topics: Animals; Eosine Yellowish-(YS); Hematoxylin; Mitotic Index; Reproducibility of Results; Software
PubMed: 33371818
DOI: 10.1177/0300985820980049 -
JAMA Dermatology Oct 2014
Topics: Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Melanoma, Amelanotic; Mitotic Index; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 25142555
DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.924 -
Chemosphere Jun 2022Distillery industry generates a huge amount of wastewater, which contains a high strength of organic and inorganic load. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze the...
Detection and identification of hazardous organic pollutants from distillery wastewater by GC-MS analysis and its phytotoxicity and genotoxicity evaluation by using Allium cepa and Cicer arietinum L.
Distillery industry generates a huge amount of wastewater, which contains a high strength of organic and inorganic load. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze the physico-chemical pollution parameters and the occurrence of phytotoxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic pollutants in wastewater. The result revealed that values of wastewater parameters were recorded as 13268 mg l (BOD), 25144 mg l (COD), 25144 mg l (TS), and 6634 mg l (phosphate), while pH was alkaline. The organic compounds detected by GC-MS were quercetin 7,3',4'-trimethoxy, octadecadienoic acid, propanoic acid, glycocholic acid methyl ester, cantaxanthin, etc. The Allium cepa was used for the toxicity test with different concentrations of wastewater showed a significant level of reduction in root growth and length after exposure and the maximum reduction was at 25% and 20%. Phytotoxicity studies were performed using Cicer arietinum L. with different concentrations of wastewater, which showed adverse effects on seed germination, root length, and the effect was associated with the increasing concentration of wastewater. A. cepa root tips were used for the analysis of mitotic index (MI), nuclear abnormalities (NA), and chromosomal aberrations (CA). MI was decreasing significantly from 72% (control) to 33%, 22%, 23%, 21%, and 18% at 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% wastewater concentration, respectively. The A. cepa root tip cells showed chromosomal aberrations and nuclear abnormalities like vagrant, stickiness, chromosomal loss, c-mitosis, binucleated, micronuclei, and aberrant cell. This study concluded that the wastewater treatment process is insufficient and the discharged waste needs a proper assessment to know the associated health risk.
Topics: Chromosome Aberrations; Cicer; DNA Damage; Environmental Pollutants; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Meristem; Mitotic Index; Onions; Plant Roots; Wastewater
PubMed: 35240156
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134123 -
Neuro-oncology Aug 2023
Topics: Humans; Prognosis; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Mitotic Index; Homozygote; Consensus; Sequence Deletion; Astrocytoma; Brain Neoplasms; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p16
PubMed: 37097042
DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad063 -
La Radiologia Medica Jun 2023The objective is to develop a mitotic prediction model and preoperative risk stratification nomogram for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) based on computed... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
The objective is to develop a mitotic prediction model and preoperative risk stratification nomogram for gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) based on computed tomography (CT) radiomic features.
METHODS
A total of 267 GIST patients from 2009.07 to 2015.09 were retrospectively collected and randomly divided into (6:4) training cohort and validation cohort. The 2D-tumor region of interest was delineated from the portal-phase images on contrast-enhanced (CE)-CT, and radiomic features were extracted. Lasso regression method was used to select valuable features to establish a radiomic model for predicting mitotic index in GIST. Finally, the nomogram of preoperative risk stratification was constructed by combining the radiomic features and clinical risk factors.
RESULTS
Four radiomic features closely related to the level of mitosis were obtained, and a mitotic radiomic model was constructed. The area under the curve (AUC) of the radiomics signature model used to predict mitotic levels in training and validation cohorts (training cohort AUC = 0.752; 95% confidence interval [95%CI] 0.674-0.829; validation cohort AUC = 0.764; 95% CI 0.667-0.862). Finally, the preoperative risk stratification nomogram combining radiomic features was equivalent to the clinically recognized gold standard AUC (0.965 vs. 0.983) (p = 0.117). The Cox regression analysis found that the nomogram score was one of the independent risk factors for the long-term prognosis of the patients.
CONCLUSION
Preoperative CT radiomic features can effectively predict the level of mitosis in GIST, and combined with preoperative tumor size, accurate preoperative risk stratification can be performed to guide clinical decision-making and individualized treatment.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; Mitotic Index; Retrospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 37148481
DOI: 10.1007/s11547-023-01637-2 -
Current Oncology Reports May 2016Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) are rare, accounting for less than 5% of all pancreatic tumors. High-grade pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (hgPNECs)... (Review)
Review
Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PNENs) are rare, accounting for less than 5% of all pancreatic tumors. High-grade pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (hgPNECs) represent about 5% of all PNENs. They show highly aggressive behavior with dismal prognosis. Throughout the last two decades, there has been a notable progress in basic and clinical research of PNENs and a therapeutic trend towards both more aggressive and minimally invasive surgery. Despite these advances, hgPNECs as a distinct clinical entity remains largely unexplored among surgeons. This review of current development in pathology reporting and surgical treatment of hgPNECs aims at increasing the awareness of an evolving field in pancreatic surgery.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Neuroendocrine; Humans; Ki-67 Antigen; Mitotic Index; Neoplasm Grading; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prognosis; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26984415
DOI: 10.1007/s11912-016-0518-9 -
Applied Immunohistochemistry &... Feb 2022Dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms, reflected by loss of expression of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) is being increasingly recognized as a marker of aggressive...
Dysregulation of epigenetic mechanisms, reflected by loss of expression of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) is being increasingly recognized as a marker of aggressive behavior in several neoplasms; however, the role of such epigenetic modifiers in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) has not been studied. Annotated cohort of 60 PanNETs was evaluated for 5-hmC expression using immunohistochemistry. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed. To determine intratumor heterogeneity of 5-hmC expression, 26 additional synchronous metastatic deposits of PanNETs from 8 patients were evaluated for 5-hmC expression. 5-hmC level showed significant association with the presence of distant metastases (P=0.02), female sex (P=0.04), and Ki-67 proliferation index (P=0.002). A multivariate model created using the stepwise logistic regression analysis showed the presence of nodal metastases (odds ratio=6.15), lymphovascular invasion (odds ratio=4.07) and lack of 5-hmC expression (odds ratio=5.34) were predictive of the risk of distant metastasis in PanNETs with a c-statistic of 0.845. Epigenetic intratumoral heterogeneity of 5-hmC expression was seen in 37.5% cases (3/8). Our work provides evidence that epigenetic regulators are involved in the pathobiology of PanNETs and immunohistochemical analysis of 5-hmC may be able to refine prognostic evaluation of these tumors.
Topics: 5-Methylcytosine; Epigenesis, Genetic; Female; Humans; Mitotic Index; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 34711739
DOI: 10.1097/PAI.0000000000000982 -
Dermatology Online Journal Apr 2018Although previous studies identify gender differences in melanoma, limited research on the phenomenon exists.
BACKGROUND
Although previous studies identify gender differences in melanoma, limited research on the phenomenon exists.
METHODS
In this retrospective chart review, 1,156 adults diagnosed with melanoma, between 2006-2016, at the University of Colorado were included. Breslow depth, mitotic rate, ulceration status, and location were extracted from charts between March and August 2016. Cochran-Armitage trend tests and cumulative logistic regression were used to examine the association between gender and Breslow depth, univariately and after adjusting for potential confounders.
RESULTS
In univariate analysis, males were significantly more likely to present with lesions with higher Breslow depths (p for trend=0.005). In models adjusted for age, melanoma subtype, and location, males were marginally more likely to present with lesions with higher Breslow depths (cumulative OR: 1.261, 95% CI: 0.988-1.611, p=0.060). Males were also marginally more likely to present with lesions with higher mitotic rates, after further adjustments for all other prognostic factors (cumulative OR: 1.244, 95% CI: 0.979-1.580, p=0.074).
LIMITATIONS
This was a retrospective single-institution study.
CONCLUSION
Differences in mitotic rates among melanomas in males versus females, even after adjustments for all other prognostic factors, suggests that biological differences may contribute to the female prognosis advantage.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Lower Extremity; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Mitosis; Mitotic Index; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Sex Factors; Skin Neoplasms; Skin Ulcer; Upper Extremity; Young Adult
PubMed: 29905998
DOI: No ID Found -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Oct 2022Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) with a diameter of < 2 cm are called small GISTs. Currently, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is widely used as a regular follow-up...
BACKGROUND
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) with a diameter of < 2 cm are called small GISTs. Currently, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is widely used as a regular follow-up method for GISTs, which can also provide a preliminary basis for judging the malignancy potential of lesions. However, there are no studies on the accuracy of EUS to assess the malignant potential of small GISTs.
AIM
To evaluate the efficacy of EUS in the diagnosis and risk assessment of small GISTs.
METHODS
We collected data from patients with small GISTs who were admitted to Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between October 2014 and July 2019. The accurate diagnosis and risk classifications of patients were based on the pathological assessment according to the modified National Institute of Health criteria after endoscopic resection or laparoscopic surgery. Preoperative EUS features (marginal irregularity, cystic changes, homogeneity, ulceration, and strong echogenic foci) were retrospectively analyzed. The assessment results based on EUS features were compared with the pathological features.
RESULTS
A total of 256 patients (69 men and 187 women) were enrolled. Pathological results included 232, 16, 7, and 1 very low-, low-, intermediate-, and high-risk cases, respectively. The most frequent tumor location was the gastric fundus (78.1%), and mitoses were calculated as > 5/50 high power field in 8 (3.1%) patients. Marginal irregularity, ulceration, strong echo foci, and heterogeneity were detected in 1 (0.4%), 2 (0.8%), 22 (8.6%), and 67 (65.1%) patients, respectively. However, cystic changes were not detected. Tumor size was positively correlated with the mitotic index ( < 0.001). Receiver operating curve analysis identified 1.48 cm as the best cut-off value to predict malignant potential (95% confidence interval: 0.824-0.956). EUS heterogeneity with tumor diameters > 1.48 cm was associated with higher risk classification ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Small GISTs (diameters > 1.48 cm) with positive EUS features should receive intensive surveillance or undergo endoscopic surgery. EUS and dissection are efficient diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for small GISTs.
Topics: Male; Humans; Female; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; Retrospective Studies; Stomach Neoplasms; Endosonography; Mitotic Index
PubMed: 36312832
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v28.i37.5457 -
JAMA Dermatology Oct 2014Mitotic rate is now recognized as having independent prognostic significance in melanoma survival. However, its clinicopathologic associations have not been the focus of...
IMPORTANCE
Mitotic rate is now recognized as having independent prognostic significance in melanoma survival. However, its clinicopathologic associations have not been the focus of any previous study.
OBJECTIVE
To identify a set of patient and tumor characteristics associated with high-mitotic-rate melanoma with the aim of facilitating the earlier detection of aggressive primary invasive melanoma.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
Cross-sectional study of patients from a multidisciplinary melanoma clinic based in a public hospital. A total of 2397 cases from January 2006 to December 2011 were reviewed by the Victorian Melanoma Service, and 1441 patients with 1500 primary invasive melanomas were included in the study.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Mitotic rate was measured as number of mitoses per mm2 and analyzed as ordered categories (0, <1, 1 and <2, 2, 3-4, 5-9, and ≥10) according to patient demographics, phenotypic markers, historical data, tumor presentation, and histopathologic features.
RESULTS
Melanomas with higher mitotic rates were more likely to occur in men (odds ratio [OR], 1.5; 95% CI, 1.3-1.8), patients 70 years or older (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.7-2.8), and those with a history of solar keratosis (OR, 1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.6). These melanomas occurred more frequently on the head and neck (OR, 1.4; 95% CI, 1.0-1.9) and presented more often as amelanotic (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 1.4-2.5) and rapidly growing (≥2 mm/mo) lesions (OR, 12.5; 95% CI, 8.4-18.5). An association was seen with the nodular melanoma subtype (vs superficial spreading [reference]) (OR, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.8-3.4), greater tumor thickness (vs ≤1 mm [reference]) (>1-4 mm: OR, 4.5; 95% CI, 3.2-6.1; >4 mm: OR, 12.6; 95% CI, 7.5-21.1), and ulceration (OR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.5-2.7). These histopathologic features, along with amelanosis and rate of growth, remained as significant associations with high mitotic rate in the overall multivariate analysis.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
High-mitotic-rate primary cutaneous melanoma is associated with aggressive histologic features and atypical clinical presentation. It has a predilection for the head and neck region and is more likely to be seen in elderly men with a history of cumulative solar damage who present clinically with rapidly developing disease.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Cell Proliferation; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Keratosis, Actinic; Male; Melanoma, Amelanotic; Middle Aged; Mitotic Index; Sex Factors; Skin Neoplasms; Tumor Burden; Victoria
PubMed: 25142970
DOI: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2014.635