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Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Apr 2021The rampant use of pesticides can cause serious environmental problems. They can be contaminating surface water and groundwater, affecting the surrounding micro and...
The rampant use of pesticides can cause serious environmental problems. They can be contaminating surface water and groundwater, affecting the surrounding micro and macro biota. In this sense, this work aimed to evaluate the effects of a tebuconazole-based fungicide through endpoints accessed in Lactuca sativa bioassays. Germinated-seeds with roots upon 2 mm were treated with a fungicide containing Tebuconazole (TBZ) as active compound. The final concentration of TBZ in the tested solutions were 0.025 (C1); 0.05 (C2); 0.1 (C3); 0.2 (C4) and 0.4 g/L (C5). L. sativa roots were exposed for 24 h to these solutions and Petri dishes containing the treated seeds were kept in incubation chamber at 24 °C. Two positive controls (PC,) the herbicide trifluralin (0.84 mg/L) and Methanesulfonate (4 ×10 mol/L), were applied. Distilled water was negative control (NC). The following endpoints were analyzed: root growth (RG), cytogenotoxic potential by cell cycle analysis, induction of DNA damage through TUNEL and comet assays. The obtained data were submitted to one-way variance analysis (ANOVA) and then to Tukey or Kruskal Wallis (P < 0.05) tests. The concentrations (C1, C2, C4 and C5) affected negatively the RG of L. sativa, in comparison with the NC. The mitotic index was reduced by 25% from NC to C1 and in the rest of treatments it did not present significant modifications. However, from C3 to C5 great amount of chromosome alterations were observed, in comparison with the NC. TBZ-based fungicide also induced DNA fragmentation as measured by TUNEL and comet assays. Thus, TBZ-based fungicide in some concentrations can have phytotoxic, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in roots and meristematic cells of L. sativa.
Topics: Biological Assay; Chromosome Aberrations; Comet Assay; DNA Damage; Fungicides, Industrial; Germination; Herbicides; Lactuca; Meristem; Mitotic Index; Plant Roots; Seeds; Toxicogenetics; Triazoles
PubMed: 33578099
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111985 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Jun 2022Insecticides stand out as the most dangerous pesticides, and many of them can cause cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in organisms. For this reason, a systematic review... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Insecticides stand out as the most dangerous pesticides, and many of them can cause cytotoxic and genotoxic effects in organisms. For this reason, a systematic review was performed focusing on the effect of insecticides on Allium cepa system by two ways: (1) a scientometric study to identify trends and gaps in the literature on the evaluation of insecticides to guide future research efforts and (2) a meta-analytical approach compiling the information to obtain an overall result about insecticide effect on A. cepa. It was found that there is an increasing production of articles in this research area. The H-index of our data set was 11, with an average of 13.72 citations per item. The leader country in this research area was India, followed by Turkey and Brazil. The best cited research area was "Environmental Sciences" and "Environmental Sciences and Ecology," followed by "Cell Biology." The most used keywords were genotoxicity, pesticides, and insecticide. The meta-analytical test showed that the number of micronuclei found in onion cells treated with insecticides is higher than that in untreated ones, and the use of pesticides reduced the mitotic index. In conclusion, it is evident the need for more studies about biotechnology, nanotechnology, and biopesticides to develop safer pesticides.
Topics: Chromosome Aberrations; Insecticides; Mitotic Index; Onions; Pesticides; Plant Roots
PubMed: 35089509
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15953-5 -
The American Journal of Dermatopathology Mar 2017Melanocytic nevi are submitted for histological evaluation primarily to exclude a malignant process. Mitotic figures are one of the factors used in this assessment....
Melanocytic nevi are submitted for histological evaluation primarily to exclude a malignant process. Mitotic figures are one of the factors used in this assessment. However, there is a lack of data on mitotic activity in juvenile benign nevi. The authors assessed 114 cases of benign melanocytic nevi in children aged 0-15 (inclusive) years old by counting the mitoses present in 2 sections of hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue. The authors then calculated the proportion of cases in which mitotic activity was present, and the average number of mitoses per case for each age group to get the mitotic rate. The authors found that there was at least 1 mitoses present in 40.4% of cases, and that the mitotic rate decreases in older children compared with younger children. This highlights the need for careful consideration of the significance of a mitotic figure in juvenile pigmented lesions, to ensure the lesion is not overinterpreted as malignant.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Male; Mitotic Index; Nevus, Pigmented; Skin Neoplasms
PubMed: 27391458
DOI: 10.1097/DAD.0000000000000630 -
Bulletin of Environmental Contamination... Jul 2020In this work the toxicity caused by explosive industries effluent (yellow water) at different levels of toxicity (genetic, cellular and organismal level) was evaluated...
In this work the toxicity caused by explosive industries effluent (yellow water) at different levels of toxicity (genetic, cellular and organismal level) was evaluated by the Allium cepa test and the Sorghum sudanense germination. The results showed that the effluent paralyze the mitotic process, keeping the cells in the interphase, decreasing the mitotic index in A. cepa. Chromosomal abnormalities such as c-metaphases, adhesions, breaks, early ascending chromosomes and irregular nucleus were observed for this receptor species. The germination of S. sudanense was reduced, and the development of the radicles were affected, showing reduced tolerance index at the highest concentrations of the effluent. Thus, it is concluded that the effluent from the explosive industry is extremely toxic to the tested organisms, both in cellular and chromosomal level and also for seed germination.
Topics: Chromosome Aberrations; Explosive Agents; Germination; Mitotic Index; Onions; Sorghum; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 32548730
DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02904-y -
Histopathology Jun 2023Breast cancer (BC) risk stratification is critical for predicting behaviour and guiding management decision-making. Despite the well-established prognostic value of...
AIMS
Breast cancer (BC) risk stratification is critical for predicting behaviour and guiding management decision-making. Despite the well-established prognostic value of cellular proliferation in BC, the interplay between proliferation and apoptosis remains to be defined. In this study, we hypothesised that the combined proliferation and apoptosis indices can provide a more accurate in-vivo growth rate measure and a precise prognostic predictor.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Apoptotic and mitotic figures were counted in whole slide images (WSI) generated from haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of 1545 BC cases derived from two well-defined BC cohorts. Counts were carried out visually within defined areas. There was a significant correlation between mitosis and apoptosis scores. High apoptotic counts were associated with features of aggressive behaviour, including high grade, high pleomorphism score and hormonal receptor negativity. Although the mitotic index (MI) and apoptotic index (AI) were independent prognostic indicators, the prognostic value was synergistically higher when combined. BC patients with a high combined AI and MI had the shortest survival. Replacing the mitosis score with the mitosis-apoptosis index in the Nottingham grading system revealed that the modified grade with the new score had a higher significant association with BC-specific survival with a higher hazard ratio.
CONCLUSION
Apoptotic figures count provides additional prognostic value in BC when combined with MI; such a combination can be implemented to assess the behaviour of BC and provides an accurate prognostic indicator. This can be considered when using artificial intelligence algorithms to assess proliferation in BC.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Artificial Intelligence; Prognosis; Mitotic Index; Cell Proliferation; Apoptosis; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 36779253
DOI: 10.1111/his.14887 -
Environmental Research Oct 2022The present study is an attempt to assess the cytogenotoxic effect of untreated and methyl orange treated with Oedogonium subplagiostomum AP1 on Allium cepa roots. On...
The present study is an attempt to assess the cytogenotoxic effect of untreated and methyl orange treated with Oedogonium subplagiostomum AP1 on Allium cepa roots. On the fifth day, root growth, root length, mitotic index, mitotic inhibition/depression, and chromosomal abnormalities were measured in root cells of Allium cepa subjected to untreated and treated methyl orange dye solutions. Roots exposed to treated dye solution exhibited maximum root growth, root length and mitotic index, whereas roots exposed to untreated dye solution had the most mitotic inhibition and chromosomal abnormalities. Allium cepa exposed to untreated dye solution revealed chromosomal aberrations such as disoriented and abnormal chromosome grouping, vagrant and laggard chromosomes, chromosomal loss, sticky chain and disturbed metaphase, pulverised and disturbed anaphase, chromosomal displacement in anaphase, abnormal telophase, and chromosomal bridge at telophase, spindle disturbances and binucleate cells. The comet test was used to quantify DNA damage in the root cells of A. cepa subjected to untreated and treated methyl orange solutions in terms of tail DNA (percent) and tail length. The results concluded that A. cepa exposed to methyl orange induced DNA damage whereas meager damage was noted in the treated dye solution. As a result, the research can be used as a biomarker to detect the genotoxic effects of textile dyes on biota.
Topics: Allium; Azo Compounds; Chromosome Aberrations; DNA Damage; Mitotic Index; Onions; Plant Roots
PubMed: 35716816
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.113612 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Sep 2021Multiple gastrointestinal stromal tumors (MGISTs) are specific and rare. Little is known about the impact of MGISTs on the survival of patients with gastrointestinal...
Clinicopathological characteristics and longterm survival of patients with synchronous multiple primary gastrointestinal stromal tumors: A propensity score matching analysis.
BACKGROUND
Multiple gastrointestinal stromal tumors (MGISTs) are specific and rare. Little is known about the impact of MGISTs on the survival of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). The diagnosis, treatment and follow-up strategies of MGISTs is not specifically described in guidelines.
AIM
To compare the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of MGISTs and solitary GISTs (SGISTs).
METHODS
Patients diagnosed with primary GISTs from March 2010 to January 2020 were included. Due to the inhomogeneous distribution of several baseline characteristics and uneven MGIST and SGIST group sizes, propensity score matching was performed according to comorbidities, body mass index, tumor location, mitotic index, sex, age and American Society of Anesthesiologists score. Differences in clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis between patients with MGISTs and patients with SGISTs were compared.
RESULTS
Among the entire cohort of 983 patients, the incidence of MGISTs was 4.17%. Before matching, patients with MGISTs and those with SGISTs had disparities in body mass index, surgical approach, tumor size and mitotic index. After 1:4 ratio matching, the clinical baseline data were comparable. The 5-year progression-free survival rate was 52.17% in the MGIST group and 75.00% in the SGIST group ( = 0.031). On multivariate analysis, tumor location, tumor size, mitotic index, imatinib treatment and MGISTs (hazard ratio = 2.431, 95% confidence interval = 1.097-5.386, = 0.029) were identified as independent prognostic factors of progression-free survival. However, overall survival was similar between the SGIST and MGIST groups.
CONCLUSION
Patients with MGISTs had poorer progression-free survival than patients with SGISTs. Risk criteria and diagnostic and treatment strategies should be developed to achieve personalized precision therapy and maximize the survival benefit.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; Humans; Mitotic Index; Neoplasms, Multiple Primary; Prognosis; Propensity Score
PubMed: 34629824
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i36.6128 -
Human Pathology Sep 2017Histologic subtype is recognized as a prognostic factor in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Specifically, epithelial morphology is associated with a better prognosis than...
Histologic subtype is recognized as a prognostic factor in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Specifically, epithelial morphology is associated with a better prognosis than other subtypes, and the same association is observed in peritoneal malignant mesothelioma. Recently, prognostic differences based on morphologic subtypes of epithelial peritoneal malignant mesothelioma were reported. Herein, we report the interobserver variability across four pathologists at three institutions. The authors independently reviewed 67 cases of malignant peritoneal epithelioid mesotheliomas and subclassified them according to their epithelial subtype: papillary, tubulopapillary, trabecular, micropapillary, solid and/or pleomorphic. The cases were also evaluated by each author for several other histopathologic parameters including depth of invasion, nuclear grade, lymphocytic host response, mitotic count/index, presence of lymphovascular invasion, and stromal desmoplasia. The interobserver agreement for histopathologic parameters was highest for mitotic rate (κ=0.36) and primary epithelial subtype (κ=0.32). The interobserver variability for solid subtype pattern was moderate (κ=0.49). We found that the interobserver variability for most histopathologic parameters is poor.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Epithelial Cells; Epithelioid Cells; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Mesothelioma; Middle Aged; Mitotic Index; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Observer Variation; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Predictive Value of Tests; Reproducibility of Results; United States; Young Adult
PubMed: 28712777
DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.07.005 -
Annals of Diagnostic Pathology Oct 2020Quantification of Ki67 and mitosis is time consuming and subject to inter-observer variabilities. Limited studies explored the impact of those variables on the results...
Quantification of Ki67 and mitosis is time consuming and subject to inter-observer variabilities. Limited studies explored the impact of those variables on the results and the correlation between mitotic count and Ki67 index in endocrine/neuroendocrine tumors, particularly so since the advent of PHH3 antibody and digital pathology. Using Ki67 and mitosis as examples, this study is intended to reveal variables affecting accurate quantification of biomarkers, and to explore the relationship of Ki67 index and mitotic count/index in endocrine/neuroendocrine tumors. Using both manual and pathologist supervised digital image analysis (PSDIA) methods, we examined the impact of post-analytical variables on the quantification of mitosis and Ki67 index and studied the correlation between them in 41 cases of endocrine/neuroendocrine tumors of variable histological grades/proliferating rates. We found that the selection of hotspots, field size and especially threshold affected the outcome of quantification of mitosis and Ki67 index; that mitotic count/index strongly (p < 0.05) correlated with Ki67 index only in the tumors with peak Ki67 index less than 30% and the correlation was more monotonic (positive, non-linear) than linear. In the hotspots of these tumors, the ratio of mitotic count to proliferating cells defined by Ki67 detection averaged 0.04. We also found that the PHH3 antibody could markedly increase the efficiency and accuracy of mitotic quantification. A consensus among pathologists is needed for the selection of hotspots, field size and threshold for quantification of mitosis and Ki67 index.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cell Proliferation; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Histones; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Ki-67 Antigen; Mice; Mitotic Index; Neuroendocrine Tumors; Observer Variation; Pathologists
PubMed: 32836178
DOI: 10.1016/j.anndiagpath.2020.151586 -
Modern Pathology : An Official Journal... Sep 2014Mitotic count on hematoxylin and eosin slides is a fundamental morphological criterion in the diagnosis and grading of adrenocortical carcinoma in any scoring system... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Mitotic count on hematoxylin and eosin slides is a fundamental morphological criterion in the diagnosis and grading of adrenocortical carcinoma in any scoring system employed. Moreover, it is the unique term strongly associated with patient's prognosis. Phospho-histone H3 is a mitosis-specific antibody, which was already proven to facilitate mitotic count in melanoma and other tumors. Therefore, a study was designed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic role of phospho-histone H3 in 52 adrenocortical carcinomas, comparing manual and computerized count to standard manual hematoxylin- and eosin-based method and Ki-67 index. Manual hematoxylin and eosin and phospho-histone H3 mitotic counts were highly correlated (r=0.9077, P<0.0001), better than computer-assisted phospho-histone H3 evaluations, and had an excellent inter-observer reproducibility at Bland-Altman analysis. Three of 15 cases having <5 mitotic figures per 50 high-power fields by standard count on hematoxylin and eosin gained the mitotic figure point of Weiss Score after a manual count on phospho-histone H3 slides. Traditional mitotic count confirmed to be a strong predictor of overall survival (P=0.0043), better than phospho-histone H3-based evaluation (P=0.051), but not as strong as the Ki-67 index (P<0.0001). The latter further segregated adrenocortical carcinomas into three prognostic groups, stratifying cases by low (<20%), intermediate (20-50%), and high (>50%) Ki-67 values. We conclude that (a) phospho-histone H3 staining is a useful diagnostic complementary tool to standard hematoxylin and eosin mitotic count, enabling optimal mitotic figure evaluation (including atypical mitotic figures) even in adrenocortical carcinomas with a low mitotic index and with a very high reproducibility; (b) Ki-67 proved to be the best prognostic indicator of overall survival, being superior to the mitotic index, irrespective of the method (standard on hematoxylin and eosin or phospho-histone H3-based) used to count mitotic figures.
Topics: Adrenal Cortex Neoplasms; Adrenocortical Carcinoma; Adult; Aged; Eosine Yellowish-(YS); Female; Hematoxylin; Histones; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Ki-67 Antigen; Male; Middle Aged; Mitotic Index; Phosphorylation; Prognosis; Survival Rate; Young Adult
PubMed: 24434900
DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2013.230